
f)fass 



Book 



COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT? 



MISCELLANEOUS ADVERTISEMENTS. 




K ASS 

TTINGS, 



SUCH AS 

Drop T. S., Drop L. S. 
EEDUCING SOCKETS AND CROSSES, 

Of all the various sizes. 

Brass Solder, Brass Casting and Brass "Work of all kinds, manufactured at Eastern 
prices. Old Copper and Brass bought or taken in exchange. 

BNGLISH & McSHANE, . 
No. 119 FROIVT STREET, BAETIITIORE, 

BETWEEN GAT AND HILLEN STREETS. V 

LANSDALE d BHO. 



STER PACKERS, 

. 3 Balderston Street, Baltimore. 




O". cS3 -V^. Gi-OSKLO^^r^, 



COMMISSION MERCHANTS, 

Wholesale and Retail Dealers in 

GROCERIES AND HARDWARE, 

Main Street, Charleston, Va. 

ih "^I^^P "." 'I'lnd, a large assortment of Carpenters, Farmers, Blacksmiths, Lumbermen, Coopers' and 
oiner kinds ot Tools, with a general supply of everything usually kept in Grocery houses. 



i 



MISCELLANEOUS ADVERTISEMENTS, 



\^ 



Cruide Sook§5 Atlase%&c. 



No. 172 William Street, Cor. of Beekman, 

J. H. & CO. having removed their Geographical Establishment, from No. 86 
Cedar Street to No. 172 William Street, beg leave to invite their friends and customers 
to their new address. 

Among their new works, now in course of publication, or lately issued, are the following : 

Colton's American Atlas, containing separate maps of every state and county of 
North and South America and the West Indies, in all about 90 maps and plans, on about 
55 sheets large imperial folio. 

Colton's Atlas of the World, containing about 160 maps and plans, on 110 large im- 
perial folio sheets, - resenting all the counties and states of America, Europe, Asia, 
Africa and Ocean The maps of these two Atlases, drawn and engraved by artists 

excelling in their iv ^ective departments, are the most complete, the most reliable and 
the most beautiful in the world. They exhibit, besides the usual geographical and topo- 
graphical information forming their ground work, true representations of all works of 
public improvements, contemplated or projected, such as railroads, canals, plank roads, 
and other means of intercommunications, the public surveys made under the authority of 
American and European governments, and a great mass of other pertinent information, 
valuable to all who are interested in the development of the countries delineated. Each 
Atlas is illustrated with letter press descriptions of the countries delineated, exhibiting 
a full account of their geography, resources, commerce and general interests and the 
statistic relation to the several subjects treated upon. 

The Atlas of the World, is published also in parts, each containing four maps el- 
egantly colored and accompanied by the description and statistical letter press. Seve- 
ral parts are already issued — the whole to be completed in 27 parts, at one dollar each. 

Colton's Map of the United States, the Canadas, Mexico, Central America, and the 
West Indies, exhibiting all the new civil and political divisions and geographical dis- 
coveries. In two sizes— 62 by 55 inches and 45 by 36 inches. 

Colton's New Series of Waverley Maps, comprising maps of all the states and of 
foreign countries. In portable cases, from 37 to 50 cents. 

In Press — to be published soon. 

Colton and Fitch's School Geography — a work designed to be superior to any other 
hitherto published in its maps and illustrations, and in the improved arrangements of its 
texts. Specimens of the portions already completed may be seen at their office. 

Outlines of Physical Geography, for the Use of Schools, by G. W. Fitch, with maps 
and numerous engravings ; also, a Primary Geography, to complete the series. 
Ne-w Editions— just issued. 

Colton's Map of the World, on Mercator's projection, on which all the recent ex- 
plorations and discoveries are accurately laid down. Three different sizes — 80 by 60 
inches, 44 by 35 inches and 28 by 22 inches. 

Colton's Township Map of the United States and the Canadas — the largest, most ac- 
curate and detailed map of this country ever issued ; size, 82 by 68 inches. 

Also, New Editions of the large maps of the separate States of the United States, ex- 
hibiting the sections and township lines, &c. 

Colton's Map of the Southern States. Size, 64 by 43 inches. 

Colton's Map of the Western States. In two sizes. 

Guide Book and Route Book through the United States. 

The Western Tourist, &c., with a Map. 

The Statistical Gazetteer of the United States. 1 vol., royal octavo, pp. 960, $3 50. 

The Progress of the United States. 1 vol., royal octavo, pp. 420, $2 50. 

The Statistical Annual. 1 vol., 8 vo., pp. 537, $ 1 50. 

Their assortment of Maps, Atlases, Statistical Works, Guide Books, &c., is much 
more extensive and complete than that of any other establishment in this country. 
Catalogues Furnished on Application. 



MISCELLANEOUS ADVERTISEMENTS. 




SB MII$ 




OR 



PREPARED BY 

JOHN M. SMITH, late of Multnomah, 0. T. 

SOLD BY 

SMITH & ATKINSON, 288 Baltimore street, Baltimore. 

This Preparation has been used with eminent success, and being safe and speedy in 
its operation, has established for itself a high reputation in those quarters where its 
worth has beeu made known by experience 

Being in a portable form it is very convenient for persons going iYito districts where 
Ague and Fever may prevail, as it can be carried without danger of soiling anything 
it may be packed with. By attending strictly to the directions, relief may be confident- 
ly calculated upon. No person afflicted with Ague and Fever should neglect to avail 
themselves of its virtues. 

The attention of dealers is earnestly directed to this article, as it is one which they 
can recommend to their customers with confidence, and upon which they can realize a 
handsome profit. 

FOR S ALE BY 

SMITH & ATKINSON, 

©®[L[i [p[^(Q)^[^a[ET(o)[g©p 

288 BALTIMORE STREET, BALTIMORE, 

•^nd by Storekeepers and Druggists getierally through- 
out the Country, 



MISCELLANEOUS ADVERTISEMENTS. 



N. WHBATON, 

DOORS, SASHES, BLINDS, 



^f) 



AND 



Builds 



3S CAMAJL STKEIET, 



Wffi^^Jfi\^; \ (g> 




B. M. RHODES, 

General Commission Merchant, ' 



AND DEALER IN 



A O WW Till ^ ? Mfl WMWMT 

OF EVERY DESCRIPTION, 
No. 141 WEST PRATT STREET, 

NEAR LIGHT STREET, 



Peruvian Guano, No. 1, furnished at tlie Government price, the ton of 2240 lbs. with 
a moderate commission for purchasing and forvi^arding. 

Mexican Guano, selected from cargoes, rich in Phosphates. 

Phosphate of Lime, manufactured expressly for my Agency. Also, Plaster and 
other Fertilizers. 

|I^ For the convenience of Farmers, their orders will be filled either at the 
Guano wharf or a,t my warehouse, No. 141 West Pratt street, near Light, at all times, 
without delay. Expense avoided if possible, and made light when unavoidable. 



MISCELLANEOUS ADVERTISEMENTS. 



"WM. LINTON, 

MANUFACTURER OF 

STOll k MlTHll Will, 

FIRE AND STOVE BillCKS, &c. 

Corner of Lexington and Pine streets, 

BALTIBIOHS, MB. 

I am prepared to furnish the Trade with the above articles of a superior quality, at 
the lowest market prices. 

II^All Orders addressed to me will be thankfully received and promptly attended to. 
|I^ Delivered to any part of the city free of charge. 

C. LEVERING. M. LEVERING. 

LEVEHING- & BRO. 

IMPORTERS OF 




iOiiiif , 

CHINA AND GLASS, 

Nos, 118 and 120 LOMBARD STREET, BALTIMORE. 
A. P. Sl{ AR P, 




CORNER OF HOWARD AND PRATT STREETS, 

Importer of Chemical Apparatus of all kinds, Superior Microscopes, Blow-pipes, Rea- 
gents, chemically pure ; Mineralogists supplied with every thing necessary to test Ores, 
Metals, &c. Fine Berlin Balances, Hydrometers of superior make for Acid, Leys, 
Syrups, &c. Porcelain dishes of all sizes. Stockhard'a Apparatus complete, with a 
general assortment of every thing needed in Analytic or Experimental Chemistry. 



MISCELLANEOUS ADVERTISEMENTS. 



W A R R E 

MOID FIRE Al WATER PROOF 



i¥i 






Having been in extensive use throughout the Western States and the British Provinces 
for the last ten years and upwards, have shown themselves to possess, in a greater degree 
than any other Roofing Material known, the following valuable requisites : 

CHEAPNESS, DUBABILITT & SECUBIT7 

Against the Action of the Elements. 

Certificates from parties of the highest respectability, Insurance Companies, Archi- 
tects, Contractors, Builders, &c. can be seen, and any information given, by calling at 
our office. 






c. 

No. 2 JARVIS BUILDING, 

CORNER OF NORTH AND BALTIMORE STREETS, 

13f/i sti^eet, near Main-st,, Richmond, Va, 

JOSEPH NEAL, Agent, Winchester; J. R. PELCHER, Harrisonburg, Va. 



The subscriber respectfully announces to the citizens of Baltimore and vicinity, that, 
having located himself in this city, with a view of becoming a permanent resident, he is 
prepared to receive visitors at his Architectural Rooms, J^o. 1 Jarvis Bnilding, over 
the Patriot Office, Corner of Baltimore andJ^orth streets, Baltimore, where he will be happy 
to show Designs for 

mMM^ MW mwAm mnmiiism. 

Such as Churches, Court Houses, Railroad Depots, Italian Villas, Cottages, and beau- 
tiful Suburban Residences, such as are seen about Boston and New York, (he having 
formerly been a resident of Boston.) The public are invited to give him a call, as the 
long experience and extensive practice he has had in all the branches of his profession, 
will make it an object to all those who are contemplating building to ayail themselves 
of his services. 

|l3^Positive estimates will be given when desired. 



WM. BROWN, Architect. 



REFERENCES.— Baltimore 



J. H. B. Latrobe, 

J. D. Pratt, 

Rev. F. Wilson, 

Rev. Richard Fuller, D. D. 

Rev. G. W. Burnap, D. D. 

Rev. J. C. Backus, D. D. 



Col. R. France, 
F. S. Streeter, 
H. C. Murray. 
D. B. Ferguson, 
A. D. Kelly, Jr. 
J. L. Martin, M. D. 



Francis Patrick Kenrick, Archbishop of Baltimore. 
T. U. Walter, .Architect Capitol Extension, Washington. 
A. B. YovuG, Architect of Boston Custom Heiise.\ 



MISCELLANEOUS ADVERTISEMENTS. 



Norfolk and Portsmouth Herald, 

PUBLISHED DAILY" AND WEEKLY. 
THOMAS G. BROUGHTON, ) Editors and 
RICHARD G. BROUGHTON, J Proprietors. 

THE AMERICAN BEACON, 

PUBLISHED 
Daily, Tri- Weekly and Weekly. 

WM. E. CUNNINGHAM, | Proprietors 
RICHARD GATEWOOD, Jr. ^proprietors. 

WM. E. CUNNINGHAM, Editor. 
ISAAC M. PATRIDGE, Ass'x Editor. 
OFFICE: 
Wide Water street, 2nd door from Commerce-st. 

NORFOLK. 



NORFOLK DAILY COURIER. 

JAMES H. MOORE, ) r, . „ 

JOHN H KIRBY ^ ''Ditors and Proprietors. 

The Largest Circulation in the City. 



DAILY SOUTHERN ARGUS, 

NOBFOLK, Va. 

T. M. CROWDER, Editor and Proprietor. 

Office on Co7nmerce-st., 3 doors above Wide Water. 

THE price of the Daily Argus is : 

For one year, if paid in advance, . . $6 00 

For one year, if not paid within tliree months, 7 00 

THE price of the Tri-Weeklt Argcs is : 
For one year, if paid in advance, . . $4 00 
For one year, if not paid within three months, 5 00 



WHEELING FEMALE SEMINARY. 

This Institution has been in successful operation several years, the building was 
erected at an expense of about |20,000. It occupies an elevated position, affording a 
fine view of the surrounding country. This school offers peculiar advantages to Young 
Ladies wishing a finished education. At the present time there are engaged seven ac- 
complished Teachers. 

Terms, per session of five months, for Boarders, $110, will pay for all charges, includ- 
ing Music Instruction on Piano, Drawing and Modern Languages. Session commences 
1st Wednesday of September and February of each year, leaving a vacation of two 
months, from 1st of July to 1st of September. 

MRS. S. B. THOMPSON, Principal. 




W. & J. GOSHORN, 



VA. 



MAIN STREET CHARLESTON, 

Dealers in READY-MADE CLOTHING, DRY GOODS, QUEENS and GLASS- 
WARE, HATS, BONNETS, HOSIERY, LACES, GLOVES, LADIES' DRESS 
GOODS of every description and quality, FANCY ARTICLES, &c. &c. 



MISCELLANEOUS ADVERTISEHENTS. 



BLAKE'S 
PATENT FIRE-PROOF PAINT. 

The original and only article that can be sold without infringing the patent will at all 
times be kept both ground, in oil and dry powder, at 119 Pearl street, by the Patentee. 
The patent has just been decided in the United States Court, to be good and valid. In 
consequence of this decision throwing the enUrebusiness into my hands, I shall material- 
ly reduce the'price, as I can manufacture tlien a large quantity much cheaper propor- 
•tionally than a small. All infringements will be prosecuted. 

WM. BLAKE,. Patentee, 

•No. 119 PEARL STREET, NEW YORK. 

Erom the Mining phroniclc, 
Blake's Patent Fire-Proof Paint. — It is with pleasure that we bring this valuable 
article before the public generally, and particularly to the notice of the readers of this 
paper. It is, in our opinion, just the article that every manufacturing establishment, es- 
pecially iron establishments, ought to use very largely. It has now been tested about 
eight years, and was, the other day, proved in the United States Court, by several wit- 
nesjes from Ohio, that the paint applied eight years siTice was now as permanent as a 
year after put on ; that the weather seems to have no effect upon it than to turn it to 
slate or stone, protecting whatever covered from fire, water and weather. All other 
paints areheld on by the oil with which they are applied, and as soon as the oil is destroyed 
by the action of the weather, the paint is left in dry powder, and will wash or rub off ; 
but this has a cohesive power within itself, a cementing quality, and as the oil.leaves it, 
it forms a perfect slate, upon which tbe weather seems to have no effect. They are now 
manufacturing large "quantities of school slates from the article by painting thin boards, 
and after it gets hard it is rubbed down even with pumict stone. The marbleized iron is 
made from it ; the iron is cast into beautiful mantles, table-tops, and other various arti- 
cles, and a coating of this put over, and after it hardens is rubbed down and polished in 
the same manner as ordinary marble. The coating, after it. becomes slate, renders 
whatever covered fire-proof, as the coating itself will not burn, therefore no air can get 
to the wood underneath, and where there is no air there can be no combustion. The 
wood will char before the coating will give way. It has been found upon trial to stand 
more heat than tin or zinc. At a great fire in Akron,- Ohio, it was tested ; after winch 
all the Insurance Coppanies in that city published the following card. 

Akron, Ohio, J»/ot/ 22, "1850. 
This may certify that *-e have been acquainted with Blake's Patent Fire-Proof 
Paint for some years, and are well assured that it is really what its name indicates-i- 
fire-proot. We consider it a better fire-proof than tin or zinc, and will insure build- 
ings covered with it at a much lower premium than those covered with the above men- 
tioned metals. 

H. K. Smith, Sec'y Summit Mutual Fire Ins. Co. 

Dan'l S. Lee, Agent of Medina Co. Mut. Ins. Co. 

D. B. Hadley, Agent of Stark Mut. Ins. Co. 
• •". R. F. Codding, Agent Port'e and Farm. Ins. Co. 

J. -A. Beales, Agent Portage Ins. Co. 

Wheeler, Lee & Co., Col. Ins. Co. 
We are aware that tliei» is considerable prejudice among the planters, in consequence of the coarse- 
ness of this paint, as formerly manufactured, which rendered it difficult to spread; but, since the decision 
sustaining the patent, Mr. K. has been to great expense in erecting new and improved machinery, so that 
he now turns out the paint a^ firft as the finest white lead, and is as easily applied. We have just seen 
certificates of more than fifty of the officers of diflerent railroads, stating that they use tliis kind of paint on 
all their structures that they wish to protect from fire or weather, and prefer it to anything they have yet 
discovered. It has just been avwirded the highest premium at the World's Fair, and for the last four years 
received from the American Institute their highest awards. Sinc§ the decision "sustaining the patent, 
throwing the whole business into Mr. Blake's hands, he has rediiced the price nearly one-half, as he can sell 
a large quantity much cheaper proportionately than a small amount. 1 he powder is sufliciently fine to mix 
with the oil without further grinding, and we will now state to the Iron manufacturers particularly, that 
we believe it would be greatly to their interest to send to Mr. Blake's, 119 Pearl street, and get a quantity 
of this cheap paint, and"cover their buildings, both roofs and sides— as he has colors suitable for both— 
and in a few months you will have a coat of mail over your entire buildings that will protect tliem<not 
only a-ainst fire, but against the weather. But, it is, in our opinion, worthy of the attention of all who 
have wooden structures that they wish to protect either from fire or weather. 

^PURCELL, LADD .& CO., Druggists, 
* No. 92 MAIN STREET, RICHMOND, 

ARE AGENTS FOR THE SALE OF THIS PAINT. 



MISCELLANEOUS ADVERTISEiMENTS. 
[ESTABLISHED IN 1837.] 

CHARLES D. DE FORD 




AND IMPORTERS OP 

HAVANA CIGARS 



AND 



No. 37 S. GAY STKEET, 

^ ^ ^ ^ ^ m ^ 1 C« 



Mr. George T. De Ford, our Agent, 
resides in Havana, and devotes his per- 
sonal attention to the selection of Cigars 
for our sales. 

We are prepared to execute orders to 
any extent, for all styles and qualities. 




IP 



AND 




JEWELKY,« 

AT WHOLESALE ONLY. 

McCLEES & HAM, 

No. 211 Baltimore street, (second story,) 
BALTIMORE, Md. 

Call the attention of Dealers to their Establishment, the only one in the .above busi- 
ness, in Baltimore, devoted 

EXCLUSIVELY TO THE WHOLESALE BUSINESS. 

WATCHES 

From all the most celebrated European Makers, and in cTery variety of case. 



c;rr;a r^ CTi 



Of every style and quality, and in all instances at MANnFACTCRERs' Prices. 
lE^^We beg to assure the Southern Trade, that our stock is as desirable^ our prices 
as low, ^iid our terms as accommodaiin'^ an those of the besi hou<es. 



2 



MISCELLANEOUS ADVERTISEMENTS. 



HODSE FDRIMG ESTABLISHll 







«J» X> •»• ^9* A. 



IMPORTERS OF 



o 



PAMM & Miei MRDffilffl, 




"^^m imwaAM <k m 





TABLE CUTLERY, VASES, WAITERS, RICH PLATED and 
BRITANNIA WARE, CANDELABRAS, FINE CHINA GOODS, 

&c. &c. 

DEALERS IN 

HOLLOW WARE, BRUSHES, MATS, 
WOODEN WARE, BASKETS and USEFUL 
HOUSE-KEEPING ARTICLES of every des- 
cription. 

MANUFACTURERS OF 

PLANISHED BLOCK-TIN AND JAPAN- 
NED WARES, BATHS AND REFRIGERATORS. 

No. 203 BALTIMORE STREET, 

BfCtwein Charles anil Ijight streets, 

BALTIMORE. 





MISCELLANEOUS ADVERTISEMENTS. 



FAIRBANK'S PATENT SCALES. 



> 



^ ^BSToj^ 



g:^ 




o 



CE) 



No. 37 SOUTH CHARLES STREET, 

Having purchased the Exclusive Right to sell 

FAIRBANK'S 



Piillf 




In the SOUTHERN STATES, are prepared to execute orders for any description or 
size, from the Apothecary's Scale, registering 1 dwt., to the Weighlock or Canal Scale, 
of 500 tons capacity. 

lE^The universal accuracy of these Scales has led to their adoption by the General 
Government as the Standard. In a recent suit before the Court of Common Pleas of 
Baltimore City, the learned Judge declared in open court, That Fairbank's Scales being 
the standard, their accuracy being determined beyond all question, that all legal issues must be 
decided in their favor, 

SPEAR, WESTON & CO. HAVE ALSO THE AGENCIES FOR 

Of EVANS & WATSON'S celebrated manufacture ; and HUSE'S WATER ME- 
TER, one of the most valuable inventions of the age, intended for measuring the FLOW 
OF WATER, and at the same time affording an efficient and economical MOTIVE 
POWER. 




IMPROVED PATENT CmCULAR 







^ 



MISCELLANEOUS ADVERTISEMENTS. 



IMPROVED PATENT CIRCULAR 





GEORGE PAGE & CO. 

NORTH SCHROEDER, Near West Baltimore Street, 
BALTIMORE, MD. 

Respectfully inform their friends and the public generally, that they have greatly 
enlarged their manufacturing establishment, and that they have now such facilities as 
will enable them to execute all orders with promptness, for their justly celebrated 

Patent Portable Circular Saw Mills, 

Which have given such general satisfaction throughout the Union, the three classes of 
which they make, each larger and stronger than the other. They also manufacture 



Of all sizes and kinds. 



HORSE POWERS, GRIST MILLS, 



i^i 



^^ 



Together with various other machines and implements for economising labor. 

For the greater facility of transportation, they have constructed a Steam Engine 
with tubular boiler on wheels, attached to a Saw Mill, one of which they exhibited at 
the Maryland State Agricultural Society's Fair, in October last, and for which they re- 
ceived a Hundred Dollar Prkmium. 

Since the Portable Circular Saw Mills were invented by, and patented to, their senior 
partner, they have made many improvements, which render them perfect in all their de- 
tails and justly entitle them to be considered first among the labor saving machines of 
the age. v 

A Pamphlet, descriptive of the several classes of mills, prices, terms, capacity for 
sawing, &c., will be sent to any gentleman applying by letter, post-paid. 

Having recently obtained damages in an action bronght in the U. S. Circuit Court 
of Maryland, for an infringement o( their Patent Rights, they hereby forewarn and caution 
all persons from purchasing Mills similar to theirs from unaiUliorized builders, or the 
Agents of such persons. 

Address, GEOEGE PAGE & CO. 

North Schroe:!er, near Baltlmore-st., Baltimore^ Md. 



MISCELLANEOUS ADVERTISEMENTS. 



GROYER, BAKER & GO'S 




o ri :h" I cj Es s s 

Haymarket Square, Boston. 
404 Broadway, New York. 
42 South Fourth-st, Philadelphia. 
109 Main Street, Buffalo. 
171 Main Street, Cincinnati. 



These Machines, for simplicity, durability and adaptedness fordoing, with any kind of 
thread, all varieties of sewing in cloth and leather, with the greatest speed and certainty, 
and in curved, straight or irregular seams, are unequaled. The stitch is wholly unlike 
any other rightfully in use. It is formed by two needles, supplied with thread from 
stationary spools, and the threads are securely tied together and fastened at each stitch, 
forming a seam far stronger and more beautiful than any other, and which will never 
rip under any circumstances whatever. 

Price for Single Machines, and right to use, from $75 to $ 160, according to size 
and style. Each Machine is threaded for use and securely boxed for transportation to 
any distance, accompanied with full directions for using. Pamphlets containing draw- 
ings, descriptions and prices of each Machine, with numerous testimonials from persons 
using them, sent to all desiring them. 

Public attention is also called to their new and improved 





Having all the excellencies, and none of the imperfections of the same class, at the low 
price of $ 75. Assurance is given that this is no botched up or rattle-box affair, but is 
what it purports to be, a SHUTTLE SEWING MACHINE, got up on the most tasty 
and scientific principles. 



MISCELLANEOUS ADVERTISEMENTS. 



S. GANS, ) 
M. GANS, ] 



D. GANS, 

L. J. LEBERMAN. 



GANS, LEBERMAN & CO. 



WHOLESALE 



^ 



^^\^\U^ ^t^^/4 



MMIfcfcJgUgBW 



'^ 



Eh 
Q 

a 

Eh 



CO 



o 




Z 

r 
> 
D 
PI 

"0 



The Oldest exclusively Wholesale Clothiers in Phila. 

Desire to draw the attention of the Dealers to their stock of 

IMBf -MABl €L0T1IM, 

(Manufactured under the superintendence of two of the proprietors, who are Practical 
Tailors,) which for Cut, neat Fit, Style, Finish, Elegance, Uniformity and Low Prices, 
cannot be surpassed by any other Establishment. Their new and capacious Warehouse 
contains a complete assortment of all articles required by the Trade, and Merchants 
would derive great advantages by examining it before purchasing elsewhere. 



MISCELLANEOUS ADVERTISEMENTS. 



The Richmond Enquirer. 

PUBLISHED DAILY AND SEMI-WEEKLY. 

BY RITCHIE, PRYOR ifc DUNNAVANT. 
TERMS. 

Daily Paper, seven dollars per annum, Semi- 
Weekly, five dollars per annum. 

All dues to this office may be remitted per mail, 
in good and available Bank notes, at the risk of 
the Editors. 

TERMS OP ADVERTISING 
In the Daily Enqcirer. — For ten lines or less, 
first insertion, fifty cents, and every succeeding 
insertion twenty-five cents. If inserted once a 
week, twice a week, or three times a week, thirty- 
seven and a half cents for each insertion after the 
first. 

Annual advertisers are charged fifty dollars for 
TWELVE lines, and in that proportion for adver- 
tisements of a greater length. 

In THE Hemi- Weekly — For ten lines or less, 
first insertion, seventy-five cents, for each con- 
tinuance fifty cents. 

Orders from a distance must be accompanied 
with the advance pay or satisfactory references, to 
insure execution. 

RICHMOND WHIG. 

Terms— Daily, $8; Semi- Weekly, $5. Pay- 
ment to be invariably in advance. 

Advertising. — One square of 10 lines, 75 cents 
for first insertion, 50 cents per square for each 
continuance. 

{«? POSTMASTERS are authorized to act as 
our agents. 

TO CORRESPONDENTS. 

Letters on business must be addressed to the 
"Editor of the Whig." 

Ciimmunications will be charged the same as ad- 
vertisements. 

Richmond Daily Dispatch. 

By J. A. COWARDIN. 

The DAILY DISPATCH is served to 
subscribers at six and a quarter cents 
PER WEEK, payable totlie Carrier weekly. 
Price for mailing, $4 a year, in advance. 

THE WEEKLY DISPATCH is issued 
every Friday, and mailed to subscribers 
at $1 per annum. 



RICHMOND EXAMINER. 

R. W. HUGHES, Editor. 

WM. LLOYD i 

AND > Publishers. 

C. L. LONG, > 

T E R TVT S 

The RICHMOND EXAMINER is pub- 
lished semi-weekly at FIVE DOLLARS 
per annum, which may be discharged by 
the payment of FOUR DOLLARS within 
thirty days after the date of subscription. 

The RICHMOND WEEKLY EXAM- 
INER is published at TWO DOLLARS 
AND FIFTY CENTS per annum, which 
may be discharged by the payment of 
TWO DOLLARS within thirty days after 
the date of subscription. 

ADVERTISING.— For one square, (of TEN lines 
or less of nonpareil,) first insertion, seventy-five 
CENTS, and for each subsequent insertion fifty 
cents. 

Remittances by mail, attested by postmasters, 
may always be made at the proprietor's risk. 

The Wheeling Intelligencer, 

IS PUBLISHED 
DAILY, TRIWEEKLY AND WEEKLY BY 

SWBARINGEN, TAYLOR & CO. 

J. B. SWKARINGEN. O. I. TAYLOR. J.H.PENDLETON, 

Terms: 

. $5 00 



Daily, per annum, 

or 10 cents per week. 
Tri-Weekly, per annum. 
Weekly, .... 



3 CO 
1 00 



TIMES AND GAZETTE. 

WHEELING, VA. 

E. R. Bartleson, Publisher & Proprietor. 
J. E. Wharton, Editor. 

Daily, $5; Tri-Weekly, $3; Weekly, $1 50; 
in advance. Daily, 10 cents per week. 

Circulation larger than any other Paper in 
Western Virginia. 



D. & J. NOBLIT'S 



WAREROOMS, 

HAIR SEATING AND CURLED HAIR MANUFACTORY, 

Wo. 83 SOUTH SECO:\D STItei^T, 

JVearly opposite the Pennsylvania Bank, 
Hotel Keepers are particularly invited to examine our stock. 



MISCELLANEOUS ADVERTISEMENTS. 



U.S. CLOTHING EMFOBIUM, 



GEORGE W. HEED & CO. 

Successors to REED, BROTHERS & CO. 

THIS CELEBRATED 

MMJ-mm^ CLOTHIM 

Establishment, having received during its existence an unprecedented 
share of public patronage, the Proprietors beg leave to adopt this meth- 
od of expressing their thanks, and also to state that they have been 
enabled, by the great skill, energy and talent they have brought around 
them in the Clothing Department, to place this Establisement at the 
head of this branch of trade in the city, and second to none in the Union. 

This Clothing Stock embraces a full assortment of the finer and 
higher class of Clothing, also a large variety of the lower grades, and 
the whole of which for low prices, uniformity of work, cut, style and 
finish, cannot be excelled. We desire, also, to call special attention to 
our Boys' Clothing Warerooms, which embrace a handsome stock of 
desirable goods. 

Facilities are offered at this establishment to merchants worthy of 
credit, making sales upon the usual terms, alloiving the regular discount 
for cash. 

We desire to state, also, that we have secured the sole agency for this city of a 
celebrated article of Gum Clothing, every article of which is warranted, and will be 
sold at prices remunerating to the buyer. 

Dealers in Men's and Boys' Clothing, will profit by calling at the Mammoth Cloth- 
ing Establishment, and examining this well assorted stock previous to buying. 

Having very great facilities for manufacturing large and heavy lots of Clothing to 
order, we are warranted in stating to the public, they may be assured of greater prompt- 
ness and dispatch being used in the execution of all order;- than is usual. 

FURNISHING GOODS, in every variety. 

OflOBCff: ^W. MMMB &: CO. 

Successors to Reed, Brothers & Co. 

Clothiers and Importers and Jobbers in Dry Goods, 
Nos. 177 and 1771 MARKET STREET, Above Fourth, 

AT THE RED DOORS. 



MISCELLANEOUS ADVERTISEMENTS. 



1855. 



PHI£.ADi:£.PHIA. 



1856. 



AND 



9 



Gun Warehouse, 

No. 181 Market and 16 Commerce Streets. 
MOOHE, HENSZE7 & CO. 




Are now located at the above 
large and spacious warehouses, 
and keep constantly on hand, 
one of the largest and most mag- 
nificent stocks of 



CUTLERY, GUNS, 



Axes, &c* 

Ever offered for sale in this coun- 
try, to which they invite the at- 
tention of all that wish to make 
their purchases at a LOW RATE, 
our facilities for obtaining goods 
being such, that we can and will 
sell at such rates that the closest 
buyers shall not go away dissat- 
isfied. 

Prompt six months and cash 
^ buyers, will find it much to their 
; interest to call and look through 
■ our immense stock of Foreign and 
i Domestic Hardware, Cutlery, &c., 
I at our new warehouses, 

gNo. 181 Market Street, 

_fe AND 

M No. 16 Commerce-st., 



MISCELLANEOUS ADVERTISEMENTS. 




62 S. FOURTH ST., below Chesnut, 






iiis3i^^ ^S^-^-^^C'^rs;-^'^ 




Awarded to C. Meyer, for his Two Pianos, London, October 15, 1851. 




C. MEYER respectfully informs his friends and the public generally, 
that he has constantly on hand. Pianos, equal to those for which he 
received the Prize Medal, in London, in 1851. All orders promptly 
attended to, and great care taken in the selection and packing the same. 



MISCELLANEOUS ADVERTISEMENTS. 







f 






GOODS, 



liACE €}OOD§, 



AND 






o r^ Xj 



SHAFLEIGH & RUE, 

'raprtpo anil Snhhrrs. 

No. 110 Market Street, 






s'r:^ c:::3Crp fs, 



The advantage of buying from first hands, and from a 
house personally making their selections in Europe, and ex- 
cluswelij engnj^ed in a particular branch of business, are too 
well known to need enumeration. 

The attention of the trade is respectfully solicited. 




lONTHL! fflmW, 

D 



NEAV SERIES. 

The Journal of Progress will connect itself to the fortunes of no political party. It 
will maintain the integrity of the Union, and the sovereignty of the states which com- 
pose it, subject to the limits which the Federal compact has imposed upon them. 

As one means of carrying out these great principles, it will encourage the develop- 
ment of the Southern and Western sections. This will promote federal harmony by 
increasing the popular intercourse, and it will increase the reciprocal respect of the 
different states by encouraging their individual prosperity and independence. 

Without going into an extended detail of the measures necessary to carry out these 
principles, it may be noted that the Journal of Progress will comprehend amongst the 
most important physical and industrial interests, indispensable to the States or Sec- 
tions — more of Education ; .^gricidlurc , Foreign and Domestic ; Commerce, Internal Im- 
provement, Finances, Manufactures and Mining. In all these departments, its columns 
shall be worthy of patronage, commendation and reliance. It will afford a register of 
the value and character of iavifcs. State Improvements, Stocks, J^otes and Bonds. Also, 
the Foreign and Domestic Market Prices of the great Souther7i and Western Staples, with 
a candid opinion of the progress and prospects of the growing crops of the season. The 
reports shall be corrected to the day of monthly publication. 

The Commercial Department will commence with a descriptive sketch of Richmond, 
together with a splendid engraving of that city, prepared expressly for this Journal. 
This will be followed by similar sketches of St. Louis, Baltimore, Cincinnati, J^'eio 
Orleans, Mobile, Mishville, Charleston, Louisville, Savannah, Galveston, and other cities 
of the South and West. 

Will be commenced as soon as possible. The Union Gallery of Portraits and Biog- 
raphies of Individuals, who have, by industry, energy, integrity and business tact, achieved 
a position, at the head of their respective classes. Many have fought the great battle 
of life without aid, or even sympathy, and their history will enforce the great lesson to 
new beginners — that few things are impossible to the resolute will, under guidance of 
a direct and straightforward principle. 

Subscription, $ ,3 00 per annum, in advance ; 25 cents per single number. 

Advertisements taken at reasonable rates. 

RICHARD EDWARDS, Editor. 

All Communications for this Journal must be post-paid, directed to Journal of Progress, Richmond, 
Baltimoi e, Mempkis, or St. Louis. 



{ 



^ 



STATISTICAL GAZETTEER 



OF THE STATE OF 




EMBRACING 

IMPORTANT TOPOGRAPHICAL AND HISTORICAL INFORMATION 

FROM RECENT AND ORIGINAL SOURCES, 

TOGETHER WITH THE RESULTS OF THE LAST CENSUS POPULATION, 
IN MOST CASES, TO 

1854. 




EDITED BY 



itfjar^ €ljtoarh. 



Entered according to Act of Congress, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the State of Virginia. 



RIOHMOND: 

PUBLISHED FOR THE PROPRIETOR. 

1855. 



BALTIMORE SUBSCRIBERS. 




COMMERCIAL COLLEGE, 

.LOCATED AT 



This Institution presents superior facilities to young men 
desirous of obtaining a thorough and practical business edu- 
cation. 

THE COUKSE OF INSTRUCTION 

DODBLE-ENTiy'ioOK-KKEPING, 

EMBRACING 

WHOLESALE, RETAIL, COMMISSION, EXCHANGE, BANKING, 

MANUFACTURING, SHIPPING, STEAM-BOATING 

AND COMPOUND COMPANY BUSINESS; 

PENMANSHIP, COMMERCIAL CALCULATIONS, COMMERCIAL 
CORRESPONDENCE AND COMMERCIAL LAW. 



There being no vacation, applicants can enter College at any 
time and attend day and evening. 

MOi gtmmi Rssirt/is ^ipimts iiiOTJOTBH. 

Examinations are held at stated periods and Diplomas award- 
ed to those competent to represent the School in a mercantile 
manner. 

Length of Time rec[uired to complete the Full Course, from 
Six to Ten Weeks. 

Fee for the same, (including every charge,) |40. 

Jg@°°For particulars write and receive a Circular by mail. 



mEF^CE. 



I HAVE been induced to prepare and publish this volume in accordance with a 
conviction that the business interests of the community demanded just such a 
publication. I am well aware that it is considered by Critics an unpardonable 
offence to bring a work to public notice and then apologize for its imperfections. 
This is not intended for such, and I hoi^e they will give themselves no trouble on 
its account. The Editor claims no literary attainment — he only claims the merit 
due to enterprise and unconquerable perseverance in producing o.ut of so varied, 
and from such numerous sources, this his first attempt to show forth in a neat 
and useful form the greatness of the State in her mercantile, manufacturing, com- 
mercial, and agricultural resources. One great perplexity in a work of this kind 
consists in the difficulty, if not impossibility of putting it into a form to suit the 
various classes of readers. If some trifle has been omitted in which an individual 
has a pecuniary interest — ^he will be like the Dutchman, who not finding his name 
in a Directory — calling at the Office for satisfaction inquires, "Vy you not put 
my names in the Correctory ? Vy your Correctory is not vorth von cent. How 
do peoples knows vere he kets his Sour-krout?" To represent correctly the 
present condition of the State — so vast in extent and so various in feature, is a 
task of great difficulty as will readily be perceived. Owing to the endless number 
of topics and the changes that are continually taking place in every County, City, 
Town and Village throughout the land ; there cannot but be great imperfection in 
the work. In the performance of this arduous task, every available means 
through which recent and authentic information could be obtained has been care- 
fully consulted. So large a number of descriptions must necessarily be brief. It 
will, however, be perceived that notices of Counties and all important places are 
full and comprehensive. The aim has been to sum up in a small compass all the 
more important facts, and the most interesting points in the statistics of tlie census 
of 1850. I feel myself no less indebted to numerous gentlemen throughout the 
State whose names, were I authorized, it would be a pleasure to make known. But 
if my acknowledgments are due to such as gave imj^ortant assistance, then, indeed 
I owe my heart-felt thanks to the merchants and manufacturers whose cards will 
be found within these pages, and for whose benefit I have endeavored to present 
them in conjunction with that which will attract not only the attention of the 
commercial community, but the public generally. If this has been happily effect- 
ed, then am I content, and hope the present volume will approve itself to my ad- 
vertising patrons, inducing them to continue the very liberal encouragement be- 
stowed thus far upon my effort ; and trust before the publication of a 2d volume 
many more may be induced to avail themselves of the benefit of such a circulation 
as this book will have. In presenting my efforts to the public, I am encouraged 
to think that those whose criticism is most to be valued, will be most capable of 
appreciating the difficulties of the undertaking. With these few remarks I com- 
mend it to the favorable regard of the Public. PJCHAED EDWARDS. 



LUCAS' BALTIMORE 



Cp m)i 




pe JoiitArg, 



BANK LANE, ADJOINING BAKNUM'S CITY HOTEL. 



This Establishment, which has been in successful operation for a number of years, is at 
all times prepared to furnish Book and Newspaper Printers with Type of every size and 
description, of as beautiful face and durability as any Foundry in this country, and at the 

foUlowing GREATLY REDUCED RATES! 



Pica to four line Pica 32 cts. 

Small Pica 34 " 

Long Primer 36 " 

Bourgeois 40 " 

Brevier 44 " 



Minion 48 cts. 

Nonpareil 58 " 

Agate 72 " 

Pearl 1 08 " 

Diamond 1 60 " 



The attention of Printers is specially invited to the very celebrated Scotch-Cut Letter. 

The considerable additions lately made to the stock of FANCY LETTER, COMBINATION 
BORDERS, FLOWERS, CUTS and ORNAMENTS of every description, render the assort- 
ment as complete as can be obtained at any other Foundry. 

We are prepared to furnish Printers with everj' article necessary for a complete Printing 
OfGce. Type; Cases of every description; Cabinets of 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 12 pairs of Cases; 
double Stands, with and without racks; Composing Sticks, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18 and 20 
inches; double and single column Brass Galleys, wood do., &c. Leads of every required 
thickness ; metal and wood Furniture of all sizes ; wrought and cast iron Chases of every 
size and descjiption ; Quoins of cherry, mahogany, hickory, box and u'on wood ; Imposing 
Stones, &c. 

BRASS RULE of every variety of pattern — including plain single, parallel, double, waved, 
and dotted ; also, Brass Dashes of various sizes and patterns. 

PRINTERS' INK, for News and Book Work; Colored Inks, Varnish, Gold Size, &c. of 
all qualities, at manufacturer's prices. 

POWER, CARD and HAND PRESSES furnished at manufacturer's prices. 

WOOD LETTER of every size, from two to scventy-tive lines Pica — Plain, Ornamented, 
Condensed Gothic, Grecian, &c., furnished at manufacturer's prices. 

Wo are prepared to Electrotype Books, Pamphlets, Labels, and Cuts of all kinds, in the 
very highest perfection of the art. 

Books, pamphlets, and labels of every description done in the very best manner and at the 
lowest prices. 

A variety of SECOND-HAND MATERIALS— consisting of Presses, Type of various sizes; 
Chases, Cases, and Stands ; Imposing Stones, &c. may generally be had at the Foundry. 

Printers wishing to establish a Newspaper, Book, or Job Oflice, will be furnished with an 
estimate in detail, on stating what work is required to be done. 

OLD TYPE taken in exchange for new, at NINE CENTS per pound, if delivered at the 
Foundry FREE OF EXPENSE within THIRTY DAYS from the date of purchasing. 

^iT' Specimen Books will be sent to Printers wishing to make orders ; and by calling at 
the Foundry all the Specimen Books of the various Founth-ies in the country can be examined. 

Orders t« be addressed to 

LUCAS BROTHERS, Fraprktors, 

SUCCESSORS TO FIELDING LUCAS, JK., 

No. 170 Market Street, Baltimore, Md. 







GENERAL INDEX. 






Title. 




1851, prepared by H. C. Cabell and Wra 






Preface. 




M. Burwell, Esqs., 


125 




Index. 




Gazetteer alphebetically arranged, 


1C5 




Description of Virginia, 


65 


Portrait of Jefferson, 


157 




Internal Communication, 


93 


" " Harrison, 


211 




Banks in the State, 


97 


" " John Tyler, 


211 




Government of the State, 


99 


" " Monroe, 


283 




Education in the Slate, 


109 


" " Madison, 


335 




Portrait of Cabot, 


115 


« " Z. Taylor, 


335 




Historical Sketch, 


115 


" " Washington, 


400 




Names of all the Governors, from 1607 to 1855 


123 


Description of the Baltimore and Ohio Rail 






Proceedings of the Virginia Commercial Con 




road, from Wheeling to Baltimore, pre- 






vention, which was held in the Capita 




pared by W. PrescottSmilh,Esq.,of Bal 






of the Commonwealth Sep. 10 and 11th 




tiniore. 


415 




INDEX TO THE 






CARDS AND 


ADVERTISEMENTS 






OF THE LARGEST AKD MOST RELIABLE MERCHANTS, MANUFACTURERS AND BUSINESS MEN OF 




RICHMOND, NORFOLK, PETERSBURG 


LYNCHBURG, ALEXANDRIA AND WHEELING. 






Agricultural Implements. 




Bell and Brass 'Works. 




H. M. Smith, Richmond, 


74 


D. Hagerty, Richmond, 


202 




William Palmer, Richmond, 


74 


J. &. J. Carr, Alexandria, 


260 




Boriim & McClean, Norfolk, 


56 








George G. Curie, Lynchburg, 


228 


Boots and Slioes. 






H. S. Whitmore, Lynchburg, 
Mead & Eaches, Alexandria, 
R. McLagan, Alexandria, 
Rice & Swartz, Wheeling, 
W. & J. Stewart, Wheeling, 
R. H. Hubbell, Wheeling, 
B. Hoyle, Wheeling, 


230 
236 
238 
356 
374 
576 
376 


Charles S. Maurice, Richmond, 
John Thompson, Richmond, 
Hobson St Armistead, Lynchhuvg, 
McClallens &. Knox, VVhecling, 
B. H. Walson, Wheeling, 
M. M. Neal, Wheeling, 


72 
96 
218 
3.'56 
368 
370 




Addison & Howard, Alexandria, 


260 


Coach and Carriage Makers and Deal- 




Attorneys at Law. 




ers. 

Hooker, Osbnrn & Co., Richmond, 


76 




Johnson & Johnston, Richmond, 


66 


R. H. Bosher, Richmond, 


76 




Henry Coalter Cabell, Richmond, 


66 


J. H. Anthony, Richmond, 


94 




E. Nance, Richmond, 


66 


Daniel Parkmson, Petersburg, 


184 




11. T. Coalter, Richmond, 


66 


G. A. Frobe, Wheeling, 


366 




John L. Newby, Wheeling, 
S. F. Black, Wheeling, 


356 








374 


Carpet Wareliouse. 










Wm. A. Walters, Norlolk, 


163 




Auctioneers and Agents. 










Thomas W. Keese, Richmond, 


108 


China and Glass Ware. 






Crouch & Hooper, Richmond, 


950 


Bulkley & Co., Richmond, 
George J. Sumner, Richmond, 
J. D. B. Evans, Richmond, 


73 
136 




Brusli and Bellows Manufactvirers. 


136 




A.Jahn, Wheeling, 
J. Arndt, Wheeling, 


378 


Stehbings & Pullens, Richmond, 


138 




332 


Muir & Stevens, Petersburg, 


182 






Kerr Ss. Marburg, Petersburg, 


286 




Bre^Ters and Hop Dealers. 




T. Sweeney & Son, Wheellns!, 
J. K. Dunham & Co., Wheeling, 


382 

364 




Geo. W. Smith, Wheeling, 


354 








David Mass, Wheeling, 


372 


Confectioneries, &c. 






F. J. Rothacker, Wheeling, 


372 


Daughtrey & Harrison, Petersburg. 


172 




Peter Sinmier, Wheeling, 


378 


Louis J. Bassieux, Richmond, 


110 




Boolcsellers, Binders and Music Deal- 


Commission, Forwarding and Groce- 1 




ers. 

A.Morris, Richmond, 196, 70 


ry Merchants. 






James VVnodhouse, Richmond, 


72 


Rawlings &. Miller, Richmond, 


9S 




R. A. Williams, Lynchburg, 


220 


S. McGruders Sons, Richmond, 


100 




John H. Parroti, Alexandria, 


256 


John Woinble & Co., Richmond, 


lUO 




John B. Ege, Petersburg, 


172 


Stokes & Co., late Flannagan, 






James Mellor, Wheeling, 


366 


Stokes & Co., Richmond, 


100 









54 NEW YORK SUBSCRIBERS. 

BANK NOTE ENGRAVERS. 




RAWDON, WRIGHT, HATCH & EDSON, 

O ]E^ 3E^ ICIJ E5 Ss 
ALBANY, CINCINNATI AND NEW ORLEANS, 

Also at BOSTON, under the name of 

NEW ENGLAND BANK NOTE CO. 

Are prepared at either of the above named places to execute all orders for 

BANK NOTE ENGRAVING AND PRINTING, 

With promptitude and fidelity, and ample provision is made for the safety of all 
plates and impressions intrusted to their care. Their specimens embrace a great 
variety of 

YIGNETTES AND ORNAMENTAL DIE WOEK, 

SUITABLE FOR 

Bank Notes, Bonds, Bills of Exchange, Bills of 

Lading, Deposit and Stock Certificates, 

Diplomas, Checks, &c. 

Accumulated at great expense, and illustrating almost every subject con- 
nected with the business of the country ; and the superiority of their style 
of work, as affording the best possible security against counterfeiting, is 
established by the success of their efforts, which have been devoted to the 
attainment of that object during an experience of twenty-five years past. 

Bank Note Paper, of the best quality, constantly for 
sale at manufacturers' prices. 



James T. Butler & Co., 
Jeter & Leftnicli, 
C. T. Worthain & Co., 
Hooker &, VVatkins, 
Harksdale, Stovall & Co., 
William Taylor, 
E. H. Skinker & Co., 
Ver.ser & Boisseaw, 
Winston & Powers, 
John M. Koyall, 
Brown & Shook, 
Logan Waller, 
Smith & Maddux, 
Hugh W. Fry & Sons, 
Wilson Williams, 
H. W. Tyler, 
Anderson & Reynolds, 
William Lewis & Co., 
John T. Redmond, 
Morrison iMarable & Co., 
Biittoii, Todd& Harrison, 
Walkiiis, Son & Co., 
Mcllvaiiie, Son &. Co., 
Royal Parish, 
Rowland &. Brothers, 
Lacy & Terry, 
I''owle & Co., 
W. Kelrey, 
J. Si W. (ioshorn, 



Richmond, 

Richmond, 

Ricnmnnd, 

Richmond, 

Richmond, 

Richmond, 

Richmond, 

Richmond, 

Richmond, 

Richmond, 

Richmsnd, 

Richmond, 

Richmond, 

Richmond, 

Richmond, 

Richmond, 

Norfolk, 

Norfolk, 

Norfolk, 

Petersburg, 

Petersburg, 

Petersburg, 

Petersburj.', 

Richmond, 

Norfolk, 

Lynchburg, 

Alexandria, 

Wheeling, 

Charleston, 



102 
102 
104 
104 
104 
106 
106 
106 
108 
108 
110 
110 
140 
98 
94 
98 
V4 
160 
168 

no 

174 
174 

180 
200 

■2u6 
206 
240 
380 

Mis 



Colleges and Schools. 

Richmond Female Institute, 

Mr. Lefebvres, Richmond, 

Leavenworth's Collegiate Sem- 
inary, Petersburg 

Norfolk Seminary for Young Ladies, 

Virginia Male and Female In- 
stitute, Portsmnuth, 

Medical College of Virginia, RichHiond, 

Mrs. Pellets, Richmond, 

S. S. Stevens, Richmond, 

Norfolk Female College, 

Norlolk Female Institute, 

Lynchburg Female Seminary, 

S. B. Thompson, Wheeling, 

Coxiperas. 

G. W. Eckhardt, Wheeling, : 

Clothing and Merchant Tailors' 
Furnishius Stores. 



224 
2U2 

178 
166 

I4S 
120 
2«2 
20o 
204 
208 
232 
Mis 



Keen, Baldwin &. Co., 

Gro.-hoiig, Tupman & Co., 

S. Merchant it Weisiger, 

William J. Smith, 

W. F. Uvvens, 

John C. Shafer, 

Will Holt Richardson, 

E. 15. Speiice, 

W. Ira Smith, 

Noah Walker & Co., 

George W. Farant & Co., 

Thomas Lewis, 

Scott and Harrison, late S. & 

L. Scott & Co., 
A. S. Shater &. Co., 
Halsey, Tupman St Co., 
Noah Walker St Co., 
Thomas W. Royston, 
JuUus Robinson, 
E. L). Keeling, 
Burroughs, Shafer &. Co., 
Isaac J. Seliginan, 
Lewis Burguer, 
Steen St Brother, 
J. D. Goodman, 



Richmond, 



Norfolk, 



Petersburg, 
" 176- 



Richmond, 
Lynchburg, 
Wheeling, 



Richmond, 



J. W. Watson, 
A. J. Osborne, 
M. P. Simmons, 
W. C. Cralles, | 



Daguerreiau Galleries. 

Bichmond, 



124 
-116 
116 
116 
116 
126 
140 
140 
140 
loO 
150 
162 

176 
-254 
182 
184 
186 
190 
198 
214 
354 
380 
380 
222 



142 
194 
194 
104 



G. W. Minnis, 
Minnis & Tanner, 
P. E. Gibbs, 
I). Haas, 
Faris' Gallery, 
G. W. Minnis, 



Kent, Paine St Co., 
Wilhnghain, EUett St Co., 
Giiiter St Alrey, 
Binford,Mayo St Blair, 
Richardson 8t Co., 
P. Horton Keach, 
Dudley St Johnston, 
Thomas R. Price St Co., 
Wadsworth, Turner & Co., 
Brooks, Bell St Co., 
Christian St Lathorp, 
C. HartwellA Co., 
W. P. fie wart St Co., 
T. W. Bradbury, 
Stevenson & Weddell, 
Aug. AndersHii St Co. 
J. W. Heiskell, 
Richards, 



Bennett St Beers, 
P. Johnston St Brother, 
Alexander Duvall, 
Purcell, Ladd St Co., 
Dove St Co., 
M. A. Santos St Son, 
F. H. Robertson St Co., 
Lyon St Rives, 
W. D. Armstrong, 
Frederick Yakrling 
John Leadbeater, 
Todd, lliiiton St Traylor, 



Petersburg, 


216 


Lynchburg, 


216 




216 


Ale.xandria, 


242 


Wheeling, 


38J 


Petersburg, 


252 


''rlinmings, 


&c. 


Richmond, 


64 


'< 


128 


(( 


122 


• ' 


132 


" 


114 


(( 


122 


» 


126 


(f 


126 


C( 


126 


u 


128 


" 


128 


a 


142 


Norfolk, 


162 


Petersburg, 


184 


" 


186 


Richmond, 


198 


Wheeling, 


380 


Alexandria, 


58 


It Medicines. 


Richmond, 130-134 


" 


130 


" 


130 


" 


130 


It 


1.30 


Norfolk, 


161 


Petersburg, 


174 


(( 


226 


Wheeling, 


356 


" 


372 


Alexandria, 


256 


" 


252 



Dyeing Establishment. 

A. Grahams, Wheeling, 370 

Express. 



Adams St Co., 

Furniture. 

Jones St Potts, Richmond, 



Lewis Salisbury, 
John J. Tompkins, 
O. Brian St Quick, 
Charles Koones, 
W. H. Seaman, 
C. C. Bradley, 



Norlolk, 

Norfolk, 

Norfolk, 

Alexandria, 

Wheeling, 

Alexandria, 



222 



92 
150 
152 
164 
242 
368 
256 



foundries and Engine Works. 



Anderson, Delaney St Co., 

Samson St Pae, 

Burr St Ettenger, 

Turner, Steele, Hagan &. Co., 

Talbott St Brother, 

Tappey St Lumsden, 

A. G. Dabney, 

Diwguid St Brothers, 

George G. Curie, 

Thomas S. Jamison, 

Theaker, Mitchell & Co., 

Eiitwisle St Moore, 

John Moore, 

H. VV. Phillips, 



Richmond, 68, 248 



Richmond, 

Richmond, 

Richmond, 

Richmond, 

Petersburg, 

Lynchburg, 

Lynchburg, 

Lynchburg, 

Alexandria, 

Wlit-eling, 

Alexandria, 

Wheeling, 

Wheeling, 



87 

88, 60 

84 

90 

188 

210 

114 

208 

234 

aeu 

258 
372 
378 



Gun and Pistol Manufacturers. 



S. Sutherland, 
James Walsh, 
Wm. E. Foster, 
William S. Spratley, 
Charles Leonard, 
W. B. St C. Fisher, 
English, Castleman St Co., 



Richmond, 

Richmond, 

Norfolk, 

Norfolk, 

Petersburg, 

Ijynchbiirg, 

Alexandria, 



7C 
84 
152 
168 
180 
218 
244 



56 



NEW YORK SUBSCRIBERS. 



'WILDER'S PATENT 




146 "W^ATER ST. 
V NEW' YORK > 



Messrs. STEARNS & MARVIN, 

Nos. 144 & 146 Water street, N. Y. 

CONTINUE TO MAKE AND SELL 

wiiDER'S mm mumm s,\fe, 

The Only Persons authorized (except in the New England 
States) to make and sell the same. 

B. G. WILDER, Patentee. 

September 8th, 1854. 



New Oeleans, August 16, 1854. 
Messrs. STEAENS & MARVIN, Nos. 144 and 146 "Water street. New York : 

Gentlemen,— In the great Are which occurred here on the 5th instant, our store was completely con- 
sumed. The flames from the drug store ojiposite came upon us so rapidly that we had barely time to 
lock up our books and malie our escape tlirough the back door. Our Safe was one of your "KICH 
&CO'a SAI-AMANDEK SAFES," (Wilder's Patent,) and although the fire was the hottest, there 
being a large quantity of liquors, oil and other merchandise stowed in the building, yet the books and 
papers came out uninjured, except the binding was started slightly. 

We are perfectlv satisfied that "your Safes are the proof," and we shall procure another of the same 
kind. Yours, &c., E. M. DALEY & CO. 

Jg©~A large assortment of the above Safes on hand, and JONES' IMPENETRA- 
BLE WORLD'S FAIR LOCK, Depot as above. 

H. KLEIHHAHS, 

NEAR FULTON STREET, 

ISTE^W^ YORK, 

MANUFACTURER OF ALL KINDS OF 

IN METAL, BRASS, EOSE WOOD, MAHOGANY, BLACK 
WALNUT, SATIN WOOD, SILVER, &c. &e. 

H. K. keeps constantly on hand a good assortment of the above-named articlee. 

ALSO SEGAR CASES FOR HOTELS AND GROCERIES. 

^S2?~ Goods of the above articles carefully packed, boxed, and sent to any part of 
the United States. 





INDEX . 


57 


Hardvrare, Guu8,&c., &c. 




Paper Hanging and Upholstery 


, 


Smith & Roberts, Richmond, 


82 


Gushing & Oshun, Wheeling, 


362 


P. T. Moore & Co., " 


92 


John F. Regnawlt. Richmond, 


136 


Van Leu & Taylor, " 


92 


L. C. Tappey, ' Petershurg, 


176 


Q. & W. L. Morton, Petersburg, 


188 


William Wells, Winchester, 


58 


Muir & Bryan, " 


188 






Dunn & Spencer, " 


190 


Papers, IVe^vs and Magazines. 




English, Caslleman & Co., Alexandria, 


244 






S. E. Swartzwelder Winchesterj 


58 


Richmond Enquirer, 


Mis. 






Richmond VVIiig, 


(( 


Hats, Caps and Furs. 




Richmond Examiner, 


a 


John Dooley, Richmond, 
John Thompson, " 
Harrison & Blunt, Petershurg, 


118 
92 

182 


Daily Dispatch Richmond, 
Lynchburg Virginian 
Times & Gazette, Wheeling, 
Intellit^encer " 


a 


R. H. Stevens, Norloik, 
Hobson & Armistead, Lyncliburg, 


206 
218 


South Side Democrat, Petersburg. 
Daily Intelligencer, " 


252 
252 


Hotels and Restaurants. 




Dally Express, '< 
Alexandria Gazette, 


252 

240 


Exchange Hotel, Richmond, 


96 


Virginia Sentinel, Alexandria 


240 


American Hotel, " 


144 






N. Carolina &, Virginia Hotel, Norfolk, 


156 


Rail Road Car Factory. 




Bollingbrook Hotel, Petersburg, 
Powell's " " 


170 
170 


William Watkins & Co., Petersburg, 
Union Rail Road Car Company., 


174 


Jarrett's " " 


226 


G. W. Grice, Agent, Portsmouth, 


146 


Washington House, Lynchburg, 


216 






Marshall House, Alexandria, 
Me Lure House, Wheeling, 


246 
352 


Surgical Instruments. 




Beymer House, " 


360 


Robert McN'aniee, Richmond, 


73 


Ingram & Knode, " 
City Hotel, « 


360 






382 


Saw Manufacturers. 




Red Lion Hotel, " 


382 


Toland & Burger, Richmond, 


88 


Hotels. 








Virginia Hotel, Staunton, 


260 


Sash, Doors, Builders, »Sic. 




Woodward House, '' 
American Hotel, " 


258 
250 


John & George Gibson, Richmond, 
William Forbes, " 


264 
80 


Insvirance Companies and Agents. 


Joseph Foster, " 
Griffin Barnes, Norfolk, 


80 
154 


Richmond Fire Association, 


74 


Morgan, Curie & Burnhain,^ Lynchbarg, 


230 


N.C. Arthur, Wheeling, 


380 






Crouch &. Hooper, Ricliuiond, 


220 


Stoves, Tin and Copper "Ware. 








W. D. Roberts, Jr., & Co. Norfolk, 


156 


Iron Railing and Grating, &c. 




Jos. R. Stnall & Co., " 


160 


James D. Brown, Richmond, 


80 


E. Varney, Wheeling, 


370 






Booth & Sommers, Petersburg, 


180 


Iron Nails and Steel Works, 




George L. Crow, Norfolk, 


206 






Shei)herd &. Robinson, Alexandria, 


236 1 


J. Hunter & Co., Richmond, 


84 


A. L. (iregorj', " 


242 


Stanton, Bell, tiow & Co., Wlieeling, 


356 


W. & J. Siewart, Wheeling, 


374 


Bailey, Woodward & Co., " 


376 


J. & D. Bayha, " 


362 






C. Elias Stifel, " 


366 


Lumber Merchants. 








R. & G. Whitfield, Richmond. 


106 


Tobacco Manufacturers and Deal 


Ers. 


C. Walthall, " 


200 


W. H. Grant, Richm-d, 100 


-358 






Grant &, Bennett, " 


110 


liCatUer, Saddles, Sic, 




Coleman Wortham " 


130 


A. T. Garden, Wheeling, 


864 


James H. Grant, " 


130 


John Knote, " 


366 


Charles Richardson, " 


222 


John Lumpp, " 
Berger & HofTman, " 


370 






374 


Trimmings, &c. 




John H. Hall, « 


374 


Richards, Alexandria, 


58 


W. MingNicoll, " 


378 






Marble Works. 




Wagons, Carts, Diay Manufacturers. |j 


Miller & Vincent, Richmond, 


94 


George W. Varney, Wheeling, 


360 


Henry Bull & Co., " 


94 


Samuel Irvin, " 


368 


Miles P. Butcher, Norfolk, 


U4 






John D. Couper, " 


154 


Watclies and Jewelry. 




Bowie, Wriglit & Sharpe, Petersburg, 
John B. Gaddess, Lynchburg, 
J. Fagan, " 
Mitchell L. Rohan, Wheeling, 


172 
212 

218 
380 


Mitchell & Tyler, Richmond, 
Gennet & James, " 
J. M. Freeman & Sons, Norfolk, 
C. F. Greenwood, " 


192 
138 
156 
158 


Ornamental AVork. 




H. Sllverthorn & Co., Lynchburg, 
J. T. Young, Petersburg, 


214 
226 


Day & Backley, Wheeling, 


368 


J. T. Scott, Wheeling 


362 






W. A. Turner, '' 


364 


Painters & Blind Makers. 




J. Brown, Winchester 


58 


George Roberts, Wheeling, 
John L. Hargraves, « 


354 
354 


Wines, Manors, &c. 




J. Turton, « 


362 


Dudley & Co,, Richmond, 


102 



58 ALEXANDRIA AND WINCHESTER BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 




RICHARD'S 



s' 



AND 



97 Kiii^ St., & 3 Exchange Block, 

Toilet Articles, Perfumeries, Fancy Working Materials, 
Port-Monnaies, Work Laces, Writing Desks, 

L.E. SWARTZWELDER, 

])EALKR IN ALL KINDS OF 



E INI BRACING 
Saddlery, Cutlery, Guns, Shoe Findings, Hol- 
lo'w-'ware Castings, Iron, Nails, Spiral Springs, 
Steel, Sec; House Joiners' Tools, Sec. 

m ^ m <^ m '^ ^ ^ m^^ 

WILLIAM WELLS, 

& mmum triiiir, 

Loudon Street, nearly opposite Court Housej 

Keeps constantly on hand for sale, COTTAGE FUENITUKE, in sets for Chambers; SOFAS; LOUN- 
GES, sviriiig seat and common ; MAHOGANY CHAIKS, with spring and piaiu seats; Spring, Hair 
and Husk MATTRESSES; FEATHER BEDS, HOLSTERS, I'lLLOWS, &c., at city prices. 

lf5^?"UPI10LSTERlNG,done to order, and all kinds of Furniture Repaired at the shortest notice. 

|;:#"IIAIR, FEATHERS, HUSHS, SPRINGS, &c., for sale, wholesale or retail, at low prices. 
ORDERS thanktully received and promptly attended to. 

CLOCKS, WATCHES AND JEWELRY. 
is BE BHOWN', 

LOUDON STREST, 
Opposite the Taylor Hotel, 

-mmmmwm, wik. 

Keeps constantly on h.and a Large assortment of FINE WATCHES AND JEWELRY of aU kinds 
and patterns, which he will sell low for Cash, to suit purchasers. 
{5^ All kinds of WATCH-WORK done in the best manner and with promptness, and warranted 
for twelve months. 



LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS 

IX BALTIMORE, PHILADELPHIA AXD NEW YORK, 
"WITH INDEX TO THEIR CARDS AND ADVERTISEMENTS. 



Agricultural Tniplementa, Seeds and 
Guauo, iSic. 



F. B. Didier & Brother, 
E. WliiniKiii Si Co., 

E. P. Di.iiei, 

J. jMont^oinery &. Brother, 

K. H. Khodcs, 

C. B. Kod^prs, 

Henry L. Tripler, 

G. A. Leiniiu, 



Balliiiiore, 
Baltimore, 
Baliiiiiorp, 
Baltimore, 
Baltimore, 
Philadelphia, 4(l8 
Philadeii'hia, 4l6 
Philadlidiia, 416 



288 
3-28 
318 
348 
Mis 



Architects and Composition Roofs. 



Dixon, Balbirnie & Dixon, Baltimore, 

William Brown, Baltimore, 

C. ■ . Warren & Co., Baltimore, 

William Blake, New Vork, 



294 
Mis 

Mis 
Mis 



Colleges and Schools. 

N. C. Brooks. A. M.,. Balliinnie, 340 

F. H. Gallagher, '• 340 

O. K. Chamberlin, '• 50 

Philadelphia College of Medicine, Pluladel. 394 



Billiard Tables. 

Daniel D. "Winant, New York, 

Brick Machine. 

F. H. Smith, Baltimore, 

Books and Paper Dealers.. 



T. Newton Kurtz, 
Cnslnrigs &, Bailey, 
Jidiri dishing & Co., 
William Minifie, 
.lames S. Koliinson, 
Godev's J,adv's Book, 
J. H. Colton a Co., 
H. .1. Priee & Co.. 
Fowlers & Wells, 
Francis & Loutrell, 



Baltimore, 300 
Baltimore, 220 
Baltimore, 324 
Baltimore, 326 
Baltimore, 350 
Philadelphia, 384 
New York, Mi-: 
Philadehihia, 404 
New York, 440 
New York, 



Brass and Bell Foundrys. 

William Peters, Baltimore, 310 

llardfsty & Mills, " 333 

Clampitt & liegisier, " 346 

Englisli &. .Methane, '• Mis 

Boots, Slioes and Blacking. 



I,pviek. Brother & Co.. 
John Vanileventer, 



Philad''lnhia, 4^4 
New York, 418 



William Morris, 

A. Britton, 

G. W. Ziaimerman, 



Blinds and Shades. 

Philadelphia, 404 

" 410 



Commission Alerclinnts. 

Baltimore, 



Charles n. De Ford &. Co., 

r.llientt & Hewes, 

W. L. Crapster, 

.lohii .Mef;owaii & Sons, 

(". C. < ''Veal, 

.Famf's J. I,awin, 

Mith. ws & Zollickoffer, 

H. Wcl.l. & Son, 

J. Tliomas Travers, 



Mis 
27fi 
260 
263 
268 
270 
270 
300 
302 



China, Q,ueeus and Earthen Ware. 

Baltimore, 



W. F. Bokre, 
M. Perine & Son, 
George M. Bokee, 
Robert T. Banks, 
l/i'verins & Bro.,. 
William l^iijton, 



272 
272 
272 
300 

Mis 
Mis 



Clotliing and Furnishing Goods. 

Hopkins & Fairchild, Baltimore, 303 

Noah Walker & Co. " 314 

Gans, Leharman & Co. Philadelphia, Mis 

Georce W. Reed & Co. '< Mis 

Wolles, Ballard & Co. " Mis 

Coacii and Buggy Trimmings. 



Richard Thompson, 

W. H. Horstmann & Sons 



Baliiniore, 278 
Philadelphia, 398 



Cry Goods, Trimmings, itc. 

Baltimore, 



Whiteley, Bros. & Stone, 
Oreni, Hopkins & Co. 
Leipw, Sander & Co., 
Wurt.s, Aiistine & iMcVeigh, 
W. H. Hoistman & Sons, 
McFarland, Evans & Co., 
Yard, Gillmore & Co., 
Shaplei:;!! & Rue, 
Pinneo & Co. 



314 
316 

" 316 

Philndelphia, .?H8 
" 398 

'•• 400 

" 400 

•' 404 

New York, 4o6 



Daguerreian Galleries. 

'^i'''»''y, \"<'w York, 442 

Whitehiirst & Co. Baltimore, 63 



Card Manufacturers. 

J. 11. Tla^ki'll, Baltimore, 204 

James Smith &, Co., Philadelphia, 412 

Confectioneries and Fancy Goods. 

Butt &. Rieketts, Baltimore, .3.->0 

William Tiller, Philadelphia, 388 . 



Druggs and Medicine 
Fluids, Oils, 

John & Joseph Walker, 

VV. B. Hollinssworth, 

Chiistopher ^Vest, 

W. H. Brown & Brother, 

R. J. Baker, 

Baker & Brother, 

Smith & Atkinson, 

A. P. Sharp, 

F.. H. Stabler & Co., 

Wm. Blake. 

.Mortimer Sc. .Mowbray, 

Dr. J. S. Rose, 

I?. A. Falme-lock & Co. 

Dr. James McClintock, 

Dr. Swavno, 

Knight &. Co. 

John A. 'I'arraiit, 

I-. R. Dnrkee, 

Kelvea, (Inrter & Co., 

William Gee, 

Wl ler & Hart, 

Dr. Hemlerjon, <•' 

Eflge Tools, BoUs and Washer Manu- 
facturers. 

T. R. Wise. Baltitnore, 2B6 

Frazier & .Atkinson, •• o<i5, 

J. P. Ewald, u 3J0. 



s, Dye Stuffs, 
ite. 

Callimore, 268 

274 

'• 278 

" 278 

" 286 

" 350 

" Mis 

'• Mis 

'' Mis 

New York, Mis 

Baltimore, Mis 

Philadelphia, 386 

402-388 

3?0 

39-> 

4:?0 

432 

444 

4.'i0 

450 



New Vork, 



60 



RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



WILLIAM S. BURR. 



WILLIAM ETTENGER. 



BURR 8l ETTEN&ER 



Eh 

m 



w 






BURR & ETTENGER. 

ENGINE i CAR BUILDERS . 

MACH I N I STS & FOUNDERS 



t=3 g 



es 



^ 



^ 



GARY. STREET . BETWEEN, I 5th & CfW^ 

~t__--: -NEXT 6EL0W CITY CA,S''WORIi:.S-. ~i_.Jr^ 



W 






MANUFACTURERS OF 



AND ALL DESCRIPTIONS OF 



WOOD Al IRON WORK POR RAILRI 

ALSO, 



Circular Saw Mills^ &c. 



CASTING-S AND FORGED WORK 



MADE TO ORDER FOR 



SAW AND GRIST MILLS, MIXES, M OTOER PURPOSES. 




INDEX, 



61 



306 

314 

428 

54 



Engravers, Surgical Instruments, «&c. 

F. W. & R. King, Baltimore, 

Francis Arnold, " 

Whitney & Jocelyn, New York, 

Rowilen, Wright, Hutch & Edson, " 

French Burr Millstones. 

Morris &. Trimble, Baltimore, 

Flour merchants. 

Peter Savverweiu & Son, Baltimore, 

Foundries, Machine and Iron Works. 

Baltimore, 



290 



274 



Bentley & Larrabee, 
Poole & Hunt, 
Franklin L. Bates, 
John r.. Blake, 
John G. Millholland, 
James Bates, 
Newsham & Co., 
George Page & Co., 
Fredi^Tick P. Flagler, 



New York, 



liookin: 



Glass, Frames and Show 
Cases. 



New York, 



S. J.Sigler, 

H. Kleinhans, 

Eldon & Sigler, " 

Williams, Stevens & Williams, " 

Marble Works. 

Sisson St. Baird, Baltimore, 

Oyster Packers. 
Lansdale &. Bro., Baltimore, 

Piano Forte Estahlishments. 

Neil, Duross ii Co., Baltimore, 



418 
56 



Fancy Goods, Notions, &c. 

Baltimore, 



Smith &. Cock, 
Lerew, Sander & Co 
William Tiller, 



316 
316 
Philadelphia, 388 



Furniture and Cliairs. 

Baltimore, 



Meacham & Heywood, 
James P.. Ward & Co. 
John McMullen, 
John W. Jones, 
Briggs & Vickrere, 
M. W. King &, Son, 
D. & J. Noblits, 
K. Barns, 

Biddle, Keves & Son, 
Ireland & Harington, 



New York, 



320 
3^4 
324 
366 
422 
" ' 430 
Philadelphia, Mis 
New York, 454 
Philadelphia, — 
New Yoik, 



Fishing Tackle, Needles, &c. 

Thomas H. Bate, New York, 

Glass Ware, &c. 

Baltimore, 
New York, 
Hardvrare, Guns, &c. 

Baltimore, 
New York. 



W. B. Hollingsworth &. Co., 
Baker & Brother, 
B. B. & J. Hagarty, 



Anderson & Jessop, 
E.M. Bosley 
N. Wheaton 
Moore Henszey &. Co 



274 
350 
456 



306 
312 
Mis. 



Baltimore, 


270 


" 


284 


a 


282 


a 


282 


a 


282 


a 


284 


1' 


284 


a 


348 


New York, 


424 


Pliiladelphia 


, 414 


u 


4i4 



Philadelphia, Mis 
Hats, Caps, Furs, &c. 

Taylor's Emporium, Baltimore, 298 

C. Lasell, Pliiladelphia, 396 

Hotels. 

M. Simons' Ilntel, 
Mcliilosli's Howard House, 
Washiniiton Hotel, 
Colunihia House, 
Eagle Hotel, 
National Hotel, 
New Depot Resturant, 
Susquehanna Hotel, 
Savery's Temperance Hotel, 
United States Hotel, 
Franklin House, 

House>.Keeping Goods. 

Spencer Rows, Baltimore, 348 

Robinson & Allen, Philadelphia, 412 

Cortlau &.C0., Baltimore, Mis 

India Rubber Goods, &c. 

N. A. Gutta Percha Co., New York,446 448 



304 

Mis 

304 
E. H. Osborn, " 322 

Davis & Hitzel, " 342 

Horace Waters, New York, 434 

C. Meyer, Philadelphia, Mis 

Pump Block. 

John Mallon, Baltimore, 328 

A. W. Gay & Co., N. York, 452-454 

Printers' Materials. 

TiUcas & Brother, Baltimore, 

John Ryan & Bro., " 

Sheldon Collins, New York, 

Se-wing Machines. 

Avery S. M. Co.," New York, 

Grover, Baker & Co. ™ Philadelphia, Mis 

Scales, Safes, &c. 

Richard Murdock, 

B. G. Wilder, 
Spear, Weston &Co., 
S. Herring, 

Soap. 
Charles Faringer, 
Smith & Curlbtt, 
Charles & James Webb, 
William Johnson, 
E. W. Elkinton, 

Saddles, Harness, Hide and Leather. 

Grupy & Stansbury, Baltimore, 292 

Thomas H. Hunt, " 

Maynard &. Rose, " 

John D. Hamniond, " 

Samuel Hunt, " 

G. H. Locker & Co., « 

Tin, Copper and Iron Ware. 

Keen & Hagerty, Baltimore, 

John M. Bruce, " 

C. L. Porter, " 
J. W. Middleton & Co., " 
E. Mills &. Brother, " 

Unkbrcllas, &c. 



Baltimore, 
New York, 
Baltimore, 
New York, 

Baltimore, 



Now York, 



52 
332 
436 



426 



306 

56 

Mis 



308 
338 
338 
438 



Philadelphia, 



292 
294 
312 

344 
308 



992 
296 
308 
328 
344 



William Drown, 
W. A. Pearson, 



Philadelpaia, 402 
« 402 



Wines, Liquors, Alcohol, &c. 

W. &T. Thompson, Baltimore, 3 278 

Charl(!s H. Koss & Co., " 276 

Thomas Robinson, " 266 

John Higl'ie &, Co., " 266 

Thomas J. Flack, " 266 

W. T. Walter &. Co., " 280 

Smith, McNeal & t;o., " 304 

James Hazlitt& Co., " 354 

White Goods, 

Shapleigh &. Rue, 404 

"Watches and Jewelcry and Regalia. 

George W. Webb. Baltimore 
Canfield, Bro. & Co. 



M. J. Drumniond, 
McClees &. Ham, 



326 
" ' 334 
New York, 424 
Baltimore, Mis 



62 



RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



GROSHOIf G, TUPMAIJ & CO. 



9 



NEXT DOOR TO MITCHELL & TYLER'S, 



F :§ T& C K. 



COATS! 

imii mm 



CJolh Dress Coats, 
Cloth J''n)ck Coats, 
Beaver Frocks, 
Colored Cloth Froeks, 
Pilot Hunting Coats, 
Fancy t'assimerie Frocks, 
T«'<-efi Business Frocks, 
Satinett Business Frocks. 



imii! mi 



Fine Satin Vests, 
Cheap Satin Vests, 
Black Fipnred Silk Vests, 
FaiK.ry Silk Vests, 
IMack Velvet Vests, 
F\'incy Cas&imere Vests, 
<!heap Tweed Vests, 
Black Alpaca Vests, 
Matlcsea Silk Vests, 
Far:ni«r Satin Vests, 
liich Velvet V^r-ts, 
Black Cassiniere Vests. 




Pants!! Pants!!! 

Fine Black Doeskin, 
Medium Black Doeskin, 
Beaver Doeskin, 
C<iarse Black Doeskin, 
Mixed Doeskin Cnssimeres 
French Tri-co'd Cassimeres 
Fancy Anieri'n Cassimeres 
Fine Black Satinotts, 
Fancy French Cassimeres, 
Fine Blue Satinett. 






OVESl CAOTSI 

OVERCOATS 

Over Coats.'!! 

Fine Castor Beaver, 
^Napoleon Beaver, 
Devonshire Kersey, 
Kibhed Beaver, 
Melton Beaver, 
^atiii)'s Wool, 
I'etersham, 
Black Pilot, 
Whitney, 
Lvon Sl<in, 
Iteversille, 
Talmaa. 



CONSTANTLY ON HAND 



^ Wk%. iji® CetPLIfl i|S:aiIl|if 



fiiini 5 Jimiisijuio; 

Jt^T'We reapcctfully solicit of Strangers and Citizens a visit 
hefore purchasin.cr elsewhere, as our motto is, Quick Sales, 
Small Profits, and Full Satisfaction to Customers. 

GROSHONG, TUPMAN 8t CO. 



RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



sts 



liiillli liOiBiil 




Cx A T. L E R IKS: 

77 Main St., Richmond, Va.; 305 Baltimore St., Baltimore. 

PETERSBURG, Va.; NORFOLK, Va.; WILMINGTON, N.C.; WASHINGTON, B.C.; 
NEW YORK; and LYNCHBURG, Va. 




T-Vro MEDALS ANT) TWO CERTIFICATES awarded at the World's Fair in London nnd n 
It, 'I' ' ''^, t>^'^'''' ^'"1='^"«^ Exhibition, New York. Tl,e Il.frhest Medals at the Pairs oXMn'rvhind 
Institute ]S50, '51, '52, '58 and '54, and at the Fair of the Mechanic's Institute, Richmond for iS 

thlK ,•'■''",",""? ''l"'^ '"''■'■^' F"''" ^^ f"=>""P «»r^lffi. l-J- V. The lliirhest Award-A Sil'ver Medal at 
the^atIonal Fair of the Metropolitan Institute, Washington, D. C, 1853. on ver Medal, at 



64 



RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



Horace L. Kent, 



■William 6. Paine, 



Robert A. Paine, 



"William A. Thomas. 



KENT, PAINE & CO. 

Sue cesser s to Ment, Paine &" Hent, 
OPPOSITE THE EXCHANGE BANK, 

IMPORTERS AND WHOLESALE DEALERS IN 

FOUEiaN & DOMESTIC 



The attention of Merchants from North Carolina, Tennessee 
and Virginia, is respectfully solicited to our very extensive 
Stock of 



j)^ 



mmv) 



Which is imported direct, and purchased for Cash under the 
most favorahle circumstances. We have also constantly on 
hand, and are receiving daily, a complete assortment of 



Ji 1 



The whole comprising one of the largest Stocks, and as attrac- 
tive as any in the United States. We are also prepared with a 
large and splendid Stock of 



ilM-llil ^IL®f ISit 



Manufactured in Kichmond, and which will compare favorably 
in style and price with any Northern-Made Goods. 

We j)articularly solicit Merchants visiting this Market, to 
C9-11 and examine our Stock, pledging ourselves to sell our 
Goods as low as they can be bought in any Market in this 
country. 

JI@°'Orders respectfully solicited and promptly attended to. 

KENT, PAINE & CO. 




THE STATE OF VIRGINIA. 



Virginia, perhaps, in natural resources, as well as in geo- 
graphical position, one of the most important States of the 
Union, lies generally hetween the latitudes 36° 30' and 39° 43' 
north, and extends east and west hetween longitudes 75° 40' 
and 83° 33' west, and is hounded on the north hy Pennsylvania 
and Maryland, on the east hy the Atlantic Ocean and Chesa- 
peake Bay, on the south hy North Carolina and Tennessee, and 
on the west hy Kentucky and Ohio. With the exception of the 
long tongue of land hetween Pennsylvania and the Ohio Eiver, 
and the peninsular projection between the Chesapeake Bay and 
the ocean, the State has an average length of 355 miles, and a 
hreadth of 218 miles, and comprises an area computed at 61,352 
square miles. 

Virginia is naturally divided into east and west hy the Blue 
Ridge, a division which obtains also in the distribution of the 
federal judiciary ; but according to the State constitution, it is 
divided into four districts or sections — the Tide Wafer, below 
the lower falls of the rivers ; the Piedmont, between those falls 
and the Blue Ridge ; the Vcdley, between the Blue Ridge and 
the Allegany; and the Trans -Allegany — the latter comprising 
all the country west of the mountain ranges. The first moun- 
tains are found in the Piedmont section, which is traversed by 

9 "" 



Z2i 



66 



RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



GEO. NICOLSON JOHNSON. 



ANDREW JOHNSTON. 



OTTO^rai^i « \L[^ 



rLic::Jia:iM[OKr33, 

PRACTICE IN ALL THE 

mmi eF moii@mb, Aim m iMe?M ire mjel 

HENRY COULTER CABELL, 



TWO DOORS BELOW EXCHANGE BANK, 




FL I c:^ H ivE o isr 13, 

Practices in all the Courts of the city of Richmond and 
counties of Henrico, Charles City and New Kent. 



WILL PRACTICE IN THE COUNTIES OF 

KINGWILLIAM, HANOVER AND HENRICO, 

AND THE COURTS OF THE 

CJX'I?"^' oiF^ :E^zc:^KE3M[:ora"J3- 

Office— No. 65 Main Street, over Theodorick Robertson, 



GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 67 

a low ridge, under the local names of White Oak, Southern, 
etc., and running nearly parallel with the Blue Eidge, at a 
distance of 25 or 30 miles. The Blue Kidge, although pierced 
by the Potomac, James, and Staunton rivers, constitutes a well- 
marked and continuous chain of more than 250 miles in lenfrth. 
In general, it forms rounded, swelling masses, but in several 
places, and especially the Peaks of Otter, shoot up'in projecting 
summits to the height of 4,260 feet. The Kittatiny, or Blue 
Mountain, enters the State farther west, under the name of 
Great North Mountain, and forming the centre of the great 
plateau or table-land of Virginia, is continued, under various 
local names, until it takes the name of Iron Mountain, and 
enters North Carolina. It is pierced by the Potomac and 
James rivers running eastwardly, and by the New Eiver run- 
ning westwardly. West of this great ridge lie several detached 
masses, bearing the local names of Sideling Hill, &c. Still 
iarther west is the great Allegany chain, which is broken 
through by New Eiver and other streams to the north. Powell's 
Mountain appears to be an out-lier of this chain, and reaches 
to the height of 4,500 feet. Westward of the Allegany there 
is a general slope toward the Ohio ; but several other consider- 
able chains traverse this section, the principal of which is 
Laurel Mountain, of which Greenbrier, Great Flat Top, and 
the Cumberland Mountains appear to form a part. With the 
exception of Pennsylvania, Virginia is the only other State of 
the Union that has territory on both sides of the Allegany 
Mountains. 

Virginia has noble rivers and streams, useful as channels of 
commerce or for industrial purposes. With few exceptions, the 
Ohio Eiver west, and Chesapeake Bay east of the mountains, 
are the recipients of the waters of the whole State : those of 
Eastern Virginia flow, with an almost uniform south-easterly 
course, into the bay, carrying with them also the waters of the 
great valley, excepting only those of New Eiver and the 
Holston, on the extreme southern part. 

The Potomac rises in the Great Back Bone, but a few miles 
from the Youghiogeny, and pursuing a devious course, forces 
its way through the several intermediate mountain chains to 
the Piedmont section, where it is broken by falls nine miles 
above Georgetown, at which place it meets the tide-water, and 



68 



RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 







m 



SUCCESSORS TO J. R. ANDERSON, 



fM 



AND MACHINERY GENERALLY, 

At short notice and on reasonable terms. 



GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 69 

about 100 miles below, after a course of 350 miles, it readies 
tlie Chesapeake. At Alexandria, 290 miles from the ocean, it 
is 1^ miles wide, and below tlie city gradually expands, till at 
its moiitli it forms a broad estuary, 10 miles in breadth. Ships 
of the line ascend to the navy yard at Washington ; above this 
it is obstructed by numerous falls and rapids. The principal 
tributaries of the Potomac are its South Branch, which rises 
near the head-streams of James River, the Great Cacapon, and 
the Shenandoah, the latter of which flows about 120 miles along 
the western base of the Blue Ridge, and joins the main river at 
Harper's Ferry. " The passage of the Potomac through the 
Blue Ridge," says Mr. Jefferson, "is perhaps one of the most 
stupendous scenes in nature." 

The BcqypaJiannock rises in the Blue Ridge, and receives the 
Rapid Ann from the same ridge, and falling over the primary 
ledge of Fredericksburg, 100 miles from its mouth, there 
reaches tide-water. Vessels of 140 tons ascend it to this point. 
York River, formed by the union of the Pamunky and Matta- 
pony, partakes rather of the character of a long narrow bay 
than of a river ; to the junction, 40 miles from the bay, it is 
from two to four miles wide, and large vessels pass to York- 
town — smaller ones ascend some distance above the bifurcation. 

James Blver, the principal river of Virginia, rises in the 
Allegany Mountains in several head-streams, of which Jack- 
son's River must be considered the main constituent ; after 
having received the Cow Pasture and the Calf Pasture rivers 
from the north, it forces its way through the Blue Ridge, and 
falling over numerous pitches, meets the tide 100 miles from 
its mouth at Richmond, which is accessible to vessels of 140 
tons. The only considerable tributary of this river below the 
Blue Ridge is the Appomattox, which carries seven feet of 
water to Petersburg, 12 miles. The James River and Kanawha 
Canal, now complete to Balcony Falls, at the passage of the 
Blue Ridge, is constructed along the valley of the river, and is 
one of the most stupendous and important works in the United 
States. 

The Melierrhi and Nottoway are small rivers, which unite in 
North Carolina, and form the Chowan. The Roanoke is formed 
in Virginia by the junction of Dan River and Staunton River, 
two rapid mountain streams which rise, the former in the Blue 



70 



RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



VIRGINIA AGBNCY 

FOR 

"S CELEBRATED PHI 




PL'BLISHEB, IMPORTER, PAPER DEALER M'D STATIOMR, 
No. 97 MAIN STREET, 

Has constantly on hand, wholesale and retail, at the lowest prices, a large 
and well selected assortment of Law, Medical, School, Theological and 
Miscellaneous BOOKS. Also, fine editions of Bibles and Prayer Books, in 
every variety of binding and size. 



RECENTLY PUBLISHED, 






Cto ^ A as w M » .' C^T) 

Of which upwards of Seven thousand Copies have heen called 
for within six months after puhlication. Agent for 

HARPER'S, GODEY'S & GRAHAM'S MAGAZINES, 

And of the Foreign Eeviews and Medical Journals. Books re- 
ceived on consignment from all the leading Publishing Houses 
in the United States. A. MORRIS is likewise Sole Agent for the 

CO I fk (\T 

PRINCE'S CELEBRATED MELODEONS, 

ALSO FOR 

WORCESTER'S UNRIVALED PIANO FORTES, 

The hest in the World, to which attention is requested. 
Book Binding in all its branches, executed in the best manner. Blank 
Books Made to any Pattern at the Shortest Notice. Foreign and 
American Papers and other Stationery. 



GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 71 

Ridge, and the latter in the North Mountain. The larger part 
of the Roanoke is through North Carolina, which State it enters 
about 40 miles below the union of its constituent rivers. 

The great rivers of Western Virginia, flowing to the Ohio 
River, are — the Monongahela, one of the constituents of that 
river ; the Kanawha ; the Guyandotte ; the Big Sandy, &c. 
The Monongahela is formed in Virginia by the junction of the 
West Branch and Tygart's Valley River, and beyond the Penn- 
sylvania line it receives Cheat River, which descends from 
Greenbrier Mountain, and which is navigable for boats for a 
considerable distance. Little Kanawha River rises in the same 
district with the west branch of Monongahela River, and enters 
the Ohio at Parkersburg. The Kanawha, the principal river 
of Western Virginia, rises in the Blue Ridge, in North Carolina, 
and bears the name of New River until it unites with Gauley 
River, a small affluent from Greenbrier Mountain. The Green- 
brier, above the latter, and the Elk and Coal rivers below it, 
are its principal tributaries. It is navigated by steamboats to 
Field's Creek, *75 miles from its mouth. The Covington and Ohio 
Railroad, and the James River and Kanawha Canal traverse 
the valley of this river. The Guyandotte and Big Sandy enter 
the Ohio below the Kanawha — the latter forming part of the 
boundary between Kentucky and Virginia. The Holston and 
Clinch, which drain the south-western section of the Great 
Valley of Virginia, pass into Tennessee, and, uniting at King- 
ston in that State, form the Tennessee River. 

Virginia is an almost boundless field of mineral wealth, and 
within its limits, not only the useful, but also the precious 
metals are found in one part or the other. Gold, coj^per, lead, 
iron, coal, salt, lime, marls, gypsum, magnesian and alum 
earths, marbles, granites, soap-stones, and sand-stones are 
among the treasures, as yet for the most part lying unheeded 
in the bowels of the earth. Mining industry, however, has 
been commenced, and within the past few years has been won- 
derfully developed. 

The first coal-field is found at the junction of the Tide-Water 
and Piedmont sections ; and this extends from the Pamunky 
by Richmond to the Appomattox, a distance of about thirty-five 
miles, with a breadth of from one or two to eight miles. The 
coal is bituminous, in seams of enormous thickness, being 30, 



72 



RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



mmm i®®! if®! 




AND 



PIANO FORTE WAREROOMS 



JAMES WOODHOUSE, 

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALER IN 




MUSIC AND FANCY ARTICLES. 



ALL THE SCHOOL BOOKS IN USE. 



LAW. MEDICAL, IDEOLOGICAL, AND MISCELLANEOUS 



Blank Books of every description, Letter and writing Papers, the best Ink of all 
kinds, in use, Globes, New Music, Drawing Materials, and Books on Drawing and 
Painting, Copying Presses, Mathematical Instruments, Gold and Silver Pencil Cases, 
Violins, Guitars, Flutes, Accordeons, and other Musical Instruments, Violin Strings, 
Pen and Pocket Knives, Diamond-Pointed Gold Pens, Surveyor's Compasses and 
Chains, Choice Books, and Fancy Articles— for Presents. 



- His supply of Piano Fortes is from the established and well known manufactories 
of .4. Slodart «§r Co., J. B. Durham, and Jonas Cliickering, whose instruments can be 
relied upon for beauty of tone, great durability and elegance of finish. 

The subscriber has participated in the sale of upwards of one thousand of these 
Piano Fortes, to some of the most respectable and well known families in Virginia 
and North Carolina. — They are warranted superior in all respects, and are offered 
at the Manufacturers' lowest Prices. 

Books bound, and Blank Books of all kinds manufactured to order. 

|r3= Orders by letter faithfully and promptly attended to. 



GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 73 

40, and even GO feet thick, and of excellent quality. Coal has also 
been found on both sides of the Upper Appomattox. The coal 
of the Richmond basin is now extensively mined, and a railway 
to the principal mines has been built to facilitate its transport- 
ation to tide-water. Anthracite of great purity is found in 
the valley from the Potomac to the James River, soutli of which 
it contains a considerable portion of bitumen. Beyond the 
Alleganies there are some of the most extensive and valuable 
deposits of bituminous coal in the United KStates, which derive 
additional value from their being associated witli not less im- 
portant beds of iron and salt. At Wheeling, on the Ohio, and 
for fourteen miles down the river, the bank presents an unin- 
terrupted bed of highly bituminous coal, upward of 16 feet 
thick. The Wheeling basin, indeed, extends for 30 miles up 
and down the river in Ohio and Virginia. Another vast field 
stretches above Clarksburg, on the Monongahala to Pittsburg, 
and far beyond to the north-east in Pennsylvania. There is 
also a valuable coal-field on the head-waters of the north branch 
of the Potomac. Thus we have five tiers of coal seams, with 
an average thickness of from 30 to 35 feet. There are also 
coal seams associated with salt springs on the Little Kanawha, 
and springs of petroleum, or rock oil, occur in the same tract. 
On the Grreat Kanawha is also a very rich and extensive coal- 
field : and on Coal, Grauley, and other rivers in this portion of 
Western Virginia, the beds of this mineral are frequently 
brought to view, and in fact no better general description can 
be presented of its extent than that it is almost continuous with 
the vast beds of sandstone which spread in nearly horizontal 
planes over nearly the whole of this broad region. 

The salines of Virginia are almost wholly in the west. Salt- 
springs occur on the Holston, on the New River, and on the 
Greenbrier ; but the most important works are on the Great 
and Little Kanawha rivers. The brine is raised hy steam- 
power, and evaporated in large cast-iron pans over furnaces. 
The brine of the Kanawha wells contains very little gypsum 
or sulphuret of lime, and the process of crystallization is there- 
fore attended with fewer difficulties than usual. The averaire 
yield of salt is about one bushel from every 65 or 70 gallons of 
brine. 

The mineral springs of Virginia have long been noted for 

10 



74 



RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



CORNER MAIN and 19tli STREETS, 

MANUFACTURER OF 



V 



With and witliout Separators and Cleaners ; Horse Powers, 
Portable and Stationary; Horse Eakes; Gleaners; Wheat Fans; 
Straw Cutters; Corn Shellers for hand, and for hand and horse- 
power; Hay Presses; Seed Drills; Land Rollers; Clod Crushers; 
Plarrows ; and the Michigan Double Plow. 

Is Agent for Hussey and McCormick's Reapers and Mowers, 
and Pitt's Threshing Machines, and keeps at his Agricultural 
Warehouse a general assortment of Agricultural Machinery, 
Tools, &c. &c. 

H. M. S. pays particular attention to repairing Threshers, 
Reapers and other Machines. Orders by letter will be prompt- 
ly atended to. 




MANUFACTURER OP 



AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS, 

AND DEALER IN SEEDS, 



332. a c^ oa: 5E2£t c2> s:3' iMi 



A HOME INSTITUTION. 
FlUE, LIFE & MARINE INSURANCE CO. 

THE RICHMOND FIEE ASSOCIATION 

Are now prepared to issue policies of 
Insurance on the above descriptions of 
risks on as rtasonat)le terms as any sim- 
ilar company, and respectfully asli a 
sliareof the patronage of the public. Ap- 
plications will be received at the Office, 
JVo. 3^3, corner Main and 9lh Streets, 
where tlie officers will cheerfully furnish 
all information that may be required. 
All losses promptly and liberally ad- 
justed. 

JAMES C. CRANE, Prcs't. 
P J. H. BOSHKR, Sec'ry. 




GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 75 

tlieii" efficiency in numerous clironic complaints, and as tlie 
resort of the fashionable world in the summer season. The 
State abounds with these, but the best known are the AVhite 
and Blue Sulphur Springs of Greenbrier county, the Salt and 
Red Sulphur and the Sweet, in Monroe county. Hot and Warm 
in Bath, Berkley in Morgan, Fauquier White Sulphur in Fau- 
quier, Shannondale in Frederick, Alum in Rockbridge, Jor- 
dan's White Sulphur in Frederick, Red in Allegany, Grayson 
in Carroll, Botetourt in Roanoke, Holston in Scott, Augusta 
S23rings and Daggus Springs in Botetourt. 

Of the metallic products of Virginia, gold is at present per- 
haps the most important. It is found on both the North and 
Rapid Ann rivers, of the Nortli and South Anna near their 
sources, of the Rivanna, in the lower part of its course, and of 
James River, above and below the mouth of the Rivanna. With- 
in the past few years, several rich mines have been opened and 
worked successfully in these and other sections of the State. We 
believe that Commodore Stockton was one of the first who in- 
troduced into Virginia effective machinery for reducing, on a 
large scale, the quartz rock, and demonstrating that a profit- 
able business could be done in this branch of mining. The 
Stockton mines are located in Fluvanna county. Among other 
at present productive mines are those of William M. Mosely 
& Co., and of the Garnett Mining Company, in Buckingham 
county. There are also mines more or less productive in Spott- 
sylvania, in Stafford, in Fauquier, in Culpepper, in Orange, in 
Louisa, and in Goochland counties. 

" It is a matter of not less mortification," says a Report of 
the Manufacturers' Convention, 1851, "than astonishment that 
Virginia, with an area of coal measures covering not less than 
21,000 square miles, very much of which lies on or near navi- 
gable waters, and capable of yielding all the varieties of British 
coal, and of equal quality, should be reduced to the actual pro- 
duction of less than 200,000 tons of tlie value of $650,000, 
while Great Britain, with little more than half the extent of 
coal measures, produces annual!}', 37,000,000 tons, of about the 
value of $37,000,000 at the mines, and §180,000,000 at the 
market of sale. And in regard to the iron-trade, while Vir- 
ginia has an unlimited supply of the finest ores, easily accessi- 
ble for use and transportation, with the greatest abundance of 



76 



RICHMOND BUSINKSS DIRECTORY. 



RICHMOND 

COACH REPOSITORY. 

HOOKER, OSBORN & CO. 

Coach 3Iaiiufiit1ui'crs & Dealers, 

No. 213 Main st. 

Keep constantly on hand a splen- 
did stock of Carriages, Buggies and Harness of every description, suitable for coun- 
try use, wliich will be sold on favorable terms and warranted for twelve months. 
We also manufacture to order, at short notice. Repairing done with neatness and 
dispatch. 




IN 

, ^HOEB, &c. 

151 MAIN STHEET, 

^S.A.GrJLa^i S Q XT -A. H. E: , 



Traveling Trunks, Valises, coarse Boots, Brogans and 
every thing pertaining to the Shoe business. 
IE;^ Call and see his large and beautiful stock. 

VIReiNIA GUN AND PISTOL EMPORIUM. 





SxiMUEL SUTHERLAND, 

No. 132 MAIN STKEET, 

P- II O U M O INI B , 

Manufacturer, Importer and Dealer in every description of Sporting apparatus and 
fine Cutlery. Gun Smiths and persons from the Country are requet^ted to call and 
examine the most extensive stock in the State, of Guns, Pistols, Rifles, and every 
variety, quality and size. Prices to suit all customers. Call at 132 Main street. 



GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 77 

coal, Avood, and limestone for tlieir manufacture, yet under the 
operation of the present revenue laws of the country, her pro- 
duction, in spite of all the efforts of the State to encourage it, 
has shrunk to an almost inconsiderable amount, and is in dan- 
ger of utter ruin." 

The soils of Virginia are naturally of a most fertile nature, 
but in the old settlements they have been exhausted by a vicious 
system of tillage. In many parts, however, a renovation has 
been effected by the application of proper fertilizers, and the 
adoption of a more scientific mode of culture. The Eastern and 
Piedmont sections are chiefly engaged in the production of In- 
dian Corn and Tobacco, the latter of which is one of the great 
staples of the State. Cotton is also produced in these sections^ 
In the valley the crops are much the same, excepting that 
wheat takes the place of cotton, and the system of agriculture 
is superior to that followed in the lower country. Beyond the 
mountains, and westward to the Ohio river, is a fine country, 
adapted in soil and climate to the successful culture of all the 
grains, roots, and products of the Middle States, and equally 
propitious to the breeding and rearing of cattle and other do- 
mestic animals. It is not only a great agricultural district, but 
it is alike rich in minerals and metals of the greatest importance 
and value, and will eventually become the workshop of the 
State, as it is now the granary. 

Bold scenery is one of the distinguishing features of Vir- 
ginia; and no other State presents so many or so magnificent 
results of Nature convulsed. At Harper's Ferry, where the Po- 
tomac breaks through the Blue Kidge, the disruption has left 
behind it indelible marks .of its force. The " Natural Bridge " 
below Lexington, according to Jefferson, is the most sublime of 
Nature's works. It is an arch reaching across a narrow ravine, 
which extends for some distance above and below, at the 
height of 215 feet above the stream which flows under it, 80 
feet wide and 93 feet long ;" and again he says, " so beautiful 
an arch, so elevated, so light, and springing as it were wp to 
heaven, the rapture of the spectator is really indescribable." 
These are but a moiety of the magnificent scenes of the country ; 
every where in the Great Valley, and among its mountain bor- 
ders^ are found spectacles of grandeur and sublimit3^ Virginia 
has also numerous caves and caverns, of which Madison's cave 



78 



RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



.SircCESSOIl OF JAMES BOi«HER. 

COACHES, CARRIAGES, 
Light Wagons, Uaruess, &c. 

]Vo. ^23, Coiner niain &0tli sts. 

Repairs of all kinds executed with 




dispatch and on moderate terms. 



BULKLEY & CO. 

IMrORTERS AND DEALERS IN 

CASTORS, LAMPS, TEA TRAYS, 



FINE IVORY CUTLERY, PLATED WARE, &c. 

TOGETHER WITH A GREAT VARIETY OF 

137 Main Street, Eagle Square, 




SORGICAL AND DENIAL iSTROlENTS 




ROBERT M'NAMEE 

WOULD RESPECTFULLY CALL THE ATTENTION OP 

PHYSICIANS AND STUDENTS 

TO HIS STOCK OF 

Which he will guarantee to sell as low as the same can be purchased in any North- 
ern City. Please call and examine. 

164 Jflain 8trc€t, opposite •Umerican Hotels 

OESE. 3a: oc: SE^Bi; ::vib: cx::b r^ :xi:iD • 



GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 79 

and Weir's Cave, Loth in tlie vicinity of Staunton, are tliose 
best known. Madison's Cave extends about 300 feet into the 
earth, branching into subordinate caverns and terminating in 
two basins of water, of about 30 or 40 feet in depth. Weir's 
Cave is much more extensive, and its numerous halls and cham- 
bers are pillared with an astonishing profusion of stalactites, 
which in some places resemble stiffened water-falls, in others 
hanging in rich festoons and folds like tapestry, or seem to rise 
from the floor like columns, thrones, towers or statues ; it ex- 
tends 1,260 feet into the ground, and contains upwards of 20 
large rooms, besides numerous passages and galleries. One of 
these halls is 260 feet in length, 33 feet high and from 10 to 20 
feet wide; and another is 153 by 15 feet, with a height of 60 feet. 

Counties. — Virginia is divided into 140 counties, viz: Acco- 
mac, Alexandria, Albemarle, Allegany, Amherst, Amelia, 
Appomattox, Augusta, Barbour, Bath, Bedford, Berkeley, 
Boone, Botetourt, Braxton, Brook, Brunswick, Buckingham, 
Cabell, Carroll, Campbell, Caroline, Charlotte, Charles City, 
Chesterfield, Clarke, Craig, Culpepper, Cumberland, Dinwiddle, 
Doddridge, Elizabeth City, Essex, Fauquier, Fairfax, Fayette, 
Fluvanna, Floyd, Franklin, Frederick, Giles, Gilmer, Glouces- 
ter, Goochland, Grayson, Greenbrier, Greene, Greensville, Hali- 
fax, Hampshire, Hancock, Hanover, Hardy_, Harrison, Henry, 
Henrico, Highland, Isle of Wight, Jackson, James City, Jeffer- 
son, Kanawha, King George, King William, King and Queen, 
Lancaster, Lee, Lewis, Logan, Loudoun, Louisa, Lunenburg, 
Madison, Marion, Marshall, Mason, Matthews, Mecklenburg, 
Mercer, Middlesex, Monongalia, Monroe, Montgomery, Morgan, 
Nansemond, Nelson, New Kent, Nicholas, Northumberland, 
Northampton, Norfolk, Nottaway, Ohio^ Orange, Page, Patrick 
Pendleton, Pittsylvania, Pleasants, Pocahontas, Powhatan 
Preston, Prince Edward, Princess Anne, Prince George, Prince 
William, Pulaski, Putnam, Ealeigh, Kandolph, Eappahannock, 
Eichmond, Eitchie, Eoanoke, Eockbridge, Eockingham, Eus- 
sell^ Scott, Shanandoah, Smythe, Southampton, Spottsylvania, 
Stafford, Surry, Sussex, Taylor, Tazewell, Tyler, Upshur, War- 
ren, Warwick, Washington, Wayne, Westmoreland, Wetzel, 
Wirt, Wood, Wyoming, Wythe, York. Ccqjifal, Eichmond. 

The whole number of dwellings in the State in 1850 was 
165,815; of families, 167,530; and of inhabitants, 1,421,661; 



80 



RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



'M 



MANUrACTUKEU OF 



?i«/ BJ«J f^ Jj 



J. 



IRON RAILING, DOORS, GRATING, S 

KTIKTTH S "37 El DES E3 "37 , 

J^@" Orders from the Country solicited, 

JOSEPH A. FOSTER, 

Corner of Seventh and Gary Streets, 

m n © HI ^ © s!r ID) 



In addition to the Manufacture of Fdrniture and Patterns, he gives his particular 
attention to the manufacture of 



(m 



<M 



t 



AND TO 



TURNING OF EVERY DESCRIPTION, 



The attention of DESIGNERS is especially solicited, as the Subscriber is the 
only person engaged in the Manufacture of PATTERNS in the City. 

FURNITJRE of every description made to order. 



RICHMOND "EXCELSIOR WORKS," 

Corner of Seventh and Main Streets, 

Iplinring all liinh 0f yiimhr, 



AND INDEED ALL KINDS OF 

BUILDING MATERIALS, 

Prppared at the Shortest Notice and in the Rest Style. Orders from any part of 
the Stale, with good City ref rence, promptly attended to. 



GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 81 

viz : whites 895,304 — males 451,552, and females 443,752 ; free 
colored 53,829 — males 25,843, and females 27,986, and slaves 
472,528. Of the whole population there were, deaf and dumb — 
white 581, free colored 18, slaves 112 — total 711 ; Uind — white 
536, free colored 121, slaves 339— total 996 ; wscme— white 922, 
free colored 46, slaves 58 — total 1,026 ; and idiotic — white 945, 
free colored 120, slaves 220 — total 1,285. The numher of free 
persons born in the United States was 925,795 ; the numher of 
foreign birth 22,394, and of birth unknown 585. The native 
X)opulation originated as follows : Maine 271, New Hampshire 
239, Vermont 231, Massachusetts 1,193, Ehode Island 100, Con- 
necticut 556, New York 2,934, New Jersey 11,447, Pennsylva- 
nia 6,823, Delaware 542, Maryland 10,328, District of Colum- 
bia 1,184, Virginia 872,823, North Carolina 7,343, South Car- 
olina 281, Georgia 93, Florida 26, Alabama 92, Mississippi 78, 
Louisiana 93, Texas 7, Arkansas, 150, Tenn. 1,501, Kentucky 
2,029, Ohio 5,206, Michigan 33, Indiana 288, Illinois 126, 
Missouri 223, Iowa 37, Wise. 11, California 4, Territories 

3, and the foreign population was composed of persons from — 
England 2,"998, Ireland 11,643, Scotland 947, Wales 173, Ger- 
many 5,511, France 321, Spain 29, Portugal 51, Belgium 7, 
Holland 65, Italy 65, Austria 15, Switzerland 83, Kussia 8, 
Denmark 15, Norway 5, Sweden- 16, Prussia 36, China 3, Asia 

4, Africa 3, British America 235, Mexico 4, Central America 1, 
South America 7, West Indies 72, Sandwich Islands 1, and 
other countries 76. 

The following table will show the decimal progress of the 
l^opulation since the first census of the State, taken by the 
United States authorities. 

Colored Persons. Decimal Increase. 

Census. White . ' , Total . • , 

Years. Persons. Free. Slave. Total. Population. Xumorioal. Per. cent. 

1790.. .442,115. ..12,T66 293,42Y. . .306,193. . . ^8,308 — — 

1800. . .514,280. . .20,124 345, T9G. . .365,920. . . 880,200 131,892 17.6 

1810... 551, 534... 30,5T0 392,518. . .423,088. . . 9'74,622.... 94,422 10. T 

1820. . .603,08<. . .37,139 425,153. . .462,292. . .1,065,379 90,757 9.3 

1830... 694,300... 47, 348... 469,757. . .517,105. . .1,211,405 146,026 13.7 

1840... 740,958... 49, 852 448,987. . .498,839. .. 1,239,797 28,392 2.3 

1850... 895,304... 53,829 472,528. . .526,357. . .1,421,661 181,864 14.6 

The aggregate statistics of the resources, wealth, productions, 
manufactures and institutions of the State, according to the cen- 

11 "^ 



82 



RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



HARDWARE AND SADDLERY. 




SMITH & ROBERTS, 

IMPOETEES AND DEALEES IN 

GUNS AND SADDLERY, 



Keep constantly on hand an extensive assortment of GOODS in 
the above line, to which we respectfully invite the attention of 
Country Merchants and others visiting this market. 



lOT A ^ 






& 



A large stock of Naylor's Cast and Shear Steel, flat, square and 
octagon bars; for sale by the ton at manufacturer's price, or in lots 
to suit purchasers. 

"ANCHOR" BOLTING CLOTH, 

Of the best Manufacture, all sizes constantly on hand. 

f ill M f Oil, 

By the barrel, or in smaller quantities, also Wedge Steel 
for Blasting purposes. 



GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 



sus of 1850, and other official returns referring to the same period 
of time, are as exhibited in the following summary : 

Occupied Lands, etc. — Improved farm hinds, 10,361,155 acres, 
and unimproved lands, 15,792,176 acres — valued in cash at 
$216,401,441. The whole number of farms under cultivation 
on the 1st of June, 1850, was 77,013 — in the Eastern District, 
87,741, and in the Western District 39,272. Value of farming 
implements and machinery, $7,021,772. 

Live-Stock. — Horses, 272,403 ; asses and mules, 21,480 ; milk 
cows, 317,619; working-oxen, 89,513; other cattle, 669,137; 
sheep, 1,310,004 ; and swine, 1,830,743. The live-stock of 1840, 
and the comparison of that with the live-stock of 1850, exhibit 
the following results : 

Description. ISiO. 1S50. Movement. 

?sseT& Mule's".:} 32G,438h'd{ "^^l^lKf }*c;-. 32,555 head, or 99 per cent. 

Milk Cows ....) f 317,019 " ) 

Working Oxen. V 1,024, 148 " \ 89,513 " \incr. 52,121 " or 5.1 " 

Other Cattle,..] (. 609,137 " J 

Sheep 1,293,772 " 1,310,004 " incr. 16,232 " orl.3 " 

Swine 1,992,155" 1,830,743 " f^ccr. 161,412 " or8.1 " 

In 1850 the total value of live-stock was estimated at $33,050,659. 

Products of Animcds. — Wool, 2,860,765 pounds; butter, 11,- 
089,359 pounds ; cheese, 436,298 pounds; and the value of ani- 
mals slaughtered during the year was $7,503,006. The avooI 
crop accounted for in the census of 1840 amounted to 2,538,374 
pounds ; and hence the increase in the crop of 1850 was 322,391 
pounds, or in the ratio of 12.7 per centum. In 1840 the aver- 
age clip per fleece was 31.4 ounces, and in 1850, 34.9 ounces, 
making an increase in 1850 of 3.9 ounces per fleece, or 12.4 per 
centum. 

Graiji Crops.— Wha^t, 11,232,616 bushels ; rye, 458,930 bush- 
els; Indian corn, 35,254,319 bushels; oats, 10,179,045 bushels; 
barley, 25,437 bushels ; and buckwheat, 214,898 bushels. The 
several yields compared with those returned in the census of 
1840 give the following results : 

Crops. 1840 1850 Movement. 

Wheat 10,109,710 bus. 11,232,616 bus. incr. 1,122,900 bus. or 11.1 per. cent. 

Rye 1,482,799" 458,930" *C7-. 1,023,869 " or 69. 7 " 

Indian corn. 34,577,591 " 35,254,319 " incr. 676,728 " or 1.9 " 

Oats 13,451,062" 10,179,045" <fecr. 3,272,017 " or 24.3 " 

Barley 87,430 " 25,437 " deer. 61,993 " or 70.9 " 

Buckwheat.. 243,822" 214,898" deer. 28,924" or 11.8 " 



84 



RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



UNION WORKS, 

Corner of Canal and Seventh Streets, 

IK fl © Kl [M @ Kl © = 

TmmH, STEELE, UitlAN & Co. 

!ii!£iiiaoj!ia§'irs Mm wmm®Mi&, 

Are prepared to execute all descriptions of Work in their line of business with 
promptness and fidelity. 

MANUFACTURERS OF 

BAR, BIND, HOOP ID ROD IROI, 

RAIL ROAD FROG STEEL, &c. &c, 

NEAR THE PETERSBURG RAIL ROAD BRIDGE, 
H. X O :E3C 3m: O I^ 33 - 



INTO 




1M:-A-XI^ S"JL'JirL3E3Jbj'JL% 




IMPOKTER AND MANrFACTURER OF 

csi-TJKrjs, 

PISTOLS AND RIFLES, 

Keeps constantly on hand a very 
larc;e stock of DOUBLE and SINGLE 
BARREL GUNS of every variety of 
length, calibre and style of Mounting 
and Finish of his own Importation 
and Manufacture. 



Colt's celebrated Five Shooter; Allen's Six Barrel Revolving Pistol. Single Self- 
Cocking Pistol. Pocket and Belt Pistols. Dueling Pistols. 

Percussion Caps, Powder Flasks and Shot Belts, Bird Bags, Dog Cauls, Dog Col- 
lars and Chains, Fishing Poles in joints, Silk, Grass, Flax and Cotton Fishing Lines, 
P^loats, Reels and Silk Gut, Limerick, Kirbey, Hemmings, and Virginia Fish Hooks, 
Gold and Silver Mounted Canes, with and without Swords, Pen, Pocket and Desk 
Knives, Spy Glasses, Travelers' Compasses, Pocket Books and Wallets, Money 
Purses and Belts, Superb Razors and Strops, &c. 



GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 85 

Other Food Crops. — Kice, 17,154 (in 1840, 2,596) pounds ; peas 
and beans, 521,581 bus.; potatoes — Irisb, 1,316,933 bus., and 
sweet, 1,813,671 bushels. The potato crop of the census of 
1840 amounted to 2,944,660 bushels, and hence the increase in 
1850 is 185,944 bushels, or at the rate of 6.3 per centum. 

Miscellaneous Crops. — Tobacco, 56,803,218 pounds ; cotton, 
3,947 bales of 400 pounds ; hay, 369,098 tons; clover-seed, 29,- 
727 bushels; other grass seed, 23,428 bushels; hoi^s, 11,506 
pounds; hemp — dew-rotted 90 tons, and water-rotted 51 tons; 
flax, 999,450 pounds; flax-seed, 52,318 bushels; silk cocoons, 
517 pounds ; maple-sugar, 1,227,665 pounds ; molasses, 40;322 
gallons ; beeswax and honey, 880,767 pounds; wine, 5,408 gal- 
lons, etc. The value of orchard products $177,137, and of mar- 
ket-garden products $183,047. The principal crops exhibited 
in the censuses of 1840 and 1850 are comparatively as follows : 

Crops. 1S40. 1S50. Movement. 

Tobacco 75,347,106 lbs. 56,803,218 lbs. dec. 18,533,888 lbs. or 24.6 per ct. 

Cotton 3,494,483 " 1,578,800 " dec. 1,915,683 " or54.8 " 

Hay 364,708^tons 369,098 tons inc. 4,390i t's or 1.2 " 

Hops 10,597 lbs. 11,506 lbs. inc. 909lbs.or 8.6 " 

Hemp — dew rotted ") f 90t's') 



water" \ 25,594|t's^ 57" W/ec. 56,015,720 " or 97.7 " 

Flax J (_ 999, 450 lbs J 

Silk cocoons 3,191 lbs. 517" dec. 2,674 " or 83.9 " 

Maplesugar 1,541,833" 1,227,665" dec. 314,168 " or 20.3 " 

Wine 13,911 gals. 5,408 gals. (/ec. 8,503 galsor 61.1 " 

"The correctness of the returns as to hemp, in the seventh 
census, has not yet been perfectly verified. There has been 
some doubt whether, in a number of instances, the marshals 
have not written tons where they m.QSiHt pounds. (Has not the 
reporter in this instance written tons where he meant ^9o?mf/5, 
and vice versa f — Ed. of Gaz.) If, however, the returns are al- 
lowed to stand without reduction, it would appear that the cul- 
tivation of hemp or flax has materially changed since 1840. In 
the returns of that year, as stated above, both of these articles 
were included under the same head. In 1840 tliose of Virginia 
gave 25,594 tons of hemp and flax together. In 1850 only 141 
tons of hemp, and 500 tons of flax were returned. Such a fall- 
ing ofi" would amount to almost an abandonment of the culture 
of hemp in that State, Avhich there is no reason to suppose has 
taken place." — Report of Superintendent of the Census, Dec. 1st, 
1852. 

Home-made Manufactures were produced in the year ending 



86 



RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



THOMAS SAMSON, 



JAMES PAE. 



RICHMOND FOUNDRY, 




CORNER BYRD AND FIFTH STREETS, 



SAMSON & PAE, 

SUCCESSORS TO AND PARTNERS OF THE FORMER FIRM OF 



mm 



(& 



AllE PRF.PARED TO FURNISH ALL KINDS OF 

n 



MILL MACHINERY, 
STATIOMRY AO PORTABLE STEAM ENGINES, 

FKOM THE EXTENSIVE ASSOKTMENT OF 

pa i^R [^ 



1 k 



m 



which they have accumulated, and the experience they have 
ac(|uired in tlieir business, during tlie last twenty years, they 
trust they can accommodate those who may favor them with a 
call, as to (quality of materials and workmanship, and on the 
most reasonable terms. 



GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 87 

1st June, 1850, to the value of $2,156,312. The same descrip- 
tion of manufactures returned in the census of 1840 were val- 
ued at $2,441,672. 

Manufactures. — Total capital invested, $18,108,793 ; value of 
all raw material, fuel, etc., consumed in the year, $18,103,433 ; 
average number of hands employed — males and 

i'emales ; monthly cost of labor $ — male $ and 

female $ ; value of manufactures produced in the year, 

$29,592,019. The whole number of manufacturing establish- 
ments in operation on the 1st June, 1850, and producing to the 
value of $500 and upwards annually, was 4,433 — in the Eastern 
District 2,293, and in the Western District 2,140, and these 
were distributed to the several counties as exhibited in the gen- 
eral table. Of the whole number 27 were cotton factories ; 121 
woolen factories ; 122 iron manufactories — 29 making pig iron, 
54 making castings, and 39 making ^^vrought iron ; 341 tanne- 
ries, etc. Total capital invested in manufactures, in the year 
represented in the census of 1840, $11,360,861. 

In the manufacture of cotton goods, the capital Gm])loyed is 
$1,908,900 ; cotton consumed 17,785 bales, and coal 4,805 tons ; 
value of all raw material, fuel, etc., $828,375 ; hands employed 
2,963 — males 1,275, and females 1,688; monthly cost of labor, 
$24,774— male, $12,983, and female, $11,791 ; products of the 
year — sheeting, 15,640,107 yards, and yarn 1,755,915 pounds, 
valued at $1,486,384. In 1840 there were in the State 22 cotton 
mills, and 1 dyeing and printing establishment, together em- 
ploying 1,816 hands, and a capital of 1,299,020, and prodacing 
in the year, goods to the value of $446,063 

In the manufacture of ivoolen goods, capital to the amount of 
$392,640 is invested-; wool consumed in the year, 1,554,110 
pounds, and coal 357 tons, valued together at $488,899 ; hands 
employed 658 — males 478, and females 190 ; monthly cost of 
labor $10,571— to males $8,688 and to females $1,883 ; products 
of the year — cloth 2,037,025 yards, and yarn 398,705 pounds, 
valued at $841,013. The capital invested in the woolen manu- 
facture in 1840, was 112,350, hands employed 222; value of 
yearly manufactures $147,792 ; which statements include also 
the statistics of fulling-mills. 

The condition of the iron manufacture is exhibited in the fol- 
lowing statistical aggregates : 



88 



RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



JAMES TOLAND, 



HENRY R. BURGER. 




T-J^>^Nv>^ 



MANUFACTORY, 

Circttlar ^nbs, 

ALL SIZES, 

From 4 to 72 Inches; 

ALSO, 

-CUT, HAND, PAIL AKD RIPPiG SAWS, &c. &e. 

Embracing all the difFerent styles in use, Manufactured from 
the best quality of extra Cast Steel, and fully warranted. 

Orders from Merchants and dealers in Hardware, respectfully 
solicited and promjDtly executed. For particulars, address 

TOLAND & BURGEE, Richmond, Va. 

BURR & ETTENGER, 




Gary Street, betw^een 15th and 17th sts. 

U2.li c^ Li:£ s^:i cEi s^r i^ o 

LOCOMOTIVE ENGINE AND RAIL ROAD CAR MANUFACTORY. 

Wheels, Axles, Boxes and Springs, Frog, Switch, and Bridge 
Castings, Bolts, and all kinds of Iron work, for Rail Roads, Sta- 
tionary Engines and Boilers for saw and Grist Mills, Mines, &c. 



GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 89 

Specifications. Pig Iron. Cast Iron. Wrought Iron. Total. 

Capital invested dollars 513, 800 471, 160 TOl, 211 1, 7Y6, ITl 

Oreused tons... G7,319.... — .... — 6'7,319 

Pig Iron used "... — tjlU 17,296 24,410 

Blooms used "... — — .... 2,500 2,500 

Oldmetalnsed " ... — 205.... — 205 

Mineral Coal consumed "... 39,982 '7,8'78 66,515 114,375 

Colve & Charcoal consumed. iiwA. 1,311,000.... 71,600 103,000. .. .1,485,600 

Value of all raw material, etc. doll. 158,307 297,014 591,448.. . .1,046,769 

Hands employed— male nuvihcr 1,115.... 810 1,295.... 3,220 

" " female.. " 14 9 — .... 23 

Monthl}^ cost of labor .... f/o^Zflrs 14,328 16,312 30,409 61,109 

Iron produced tons... 22,163.... 5,5i77 15,328 43,068 

Value of year's products... dollars 521,924 674,416 1,254,995 2,451,335 

In 1840, Virginia had in operation 42 furnaces, that in the 
preceding year had produced 18,810^ tons of cast iron, and 52 
bloomeries, forges, and rolling-mills, which had produced 5,886 
tons of bar iron. 

The tanneries employ a capital of $676,983 ; hands employed 
906— males 900, and females 6 ; monthly cost of Labor $13,705 
— male $13,643, and female $62 ; sides of leather tanned 378,- 
400, and skins tanned 74,573, togetlier valued at $894,876. In 
1840 there were in the State 660 tanneries, employing 1,422 
hands^ and a capital amounting to $838,141 ; and which had 
produced during the preceding year, 135,782 sides of sole lea- 
ther, and 206,216 sides of upper leather. 

The capital invested in the manufacture of malt and spiritu- 
ous liquors amounts to $100,915. Quantities and kinds of grain, 
etc., consumed — barley 20,000 bushels, corn 250,700 bushels, 
rye 62,680 bushels, oats 450 bushels, and hops 14 tons ; hands 
employed 123 ; qualities of liquor produced — ale, etc., 5,500 bar- 
rels, and whiskey, etc., 879,440 gallons. In the census year 
1840, Virginia had 1,454 distilleries, producing in the year 
865,725 gallons; and 5 breweries, producing 32,960 gallons ; 
hands employed 1,631, and capital invested $187,212. 

The manufactures, others than the above specified, consist of 
a great variety of important productions, as machinery of all 
kinds, carriages, harness, etc.; and Virginia has also a large 
number of merchant and other mills. As a flour-producing 
State, it stands first in its brands, and is only behind one or 
two other States in the extent of production. It has also large 
and valuable tobacco manufactories. 

Foreign Commerce. — Virginia, in respect of foreign commerce, 

12 



90 



RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 






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GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 91 

holds a seventh or eighth rank among the States of the Union. 
According to the official returns for the year ending 30th June, 
1850, the value of its exports to foreign countries amounted to 
$3,415,646, and of its imports to $426,599. This would indicate 
that the great bulk of its commercial material is carried to the 
ports of other States for exportation, and the foreign merchan- 
dise consumed within the State is brou2;ht tlirouo;h tlie same 
channels. That such is the case is well known, and hence we 
find that the coasting trade is unusually extensive, chiefly car- 
ried on by the shipping of northern ports. This was not always 
so, for at one time Virginia stood at the head of the commercial 
States, and its shipping held the same rank in foreign ports as 
that now occupied by tlie mercantile marine of New York. Of 
the total exports in 1850, $3,413,158 was the value of domestic 
products, and of these to the value of $2,365,241 was shipped in 
American and $1,047,917 in foreign vessels — the remainder of 
the aggregate value ($2,488) was foreign produce re-shipped in 
American vessels. Of the imports $172,878 was the value of 
merchandise landed from American and $253,721 from forei^-n 
vessels. The shipping employed in the carrying trade consisted 
as follows : 

Entered. Cleared. Total. 

shipping Vessels Tons. Crews. Vessels. Tons. Crews. Vessels. Tons. Crews. 

American 69. .12,190.. 564. .18T. .42,091. .1,^0. .256. .54,281. .2,274 

Foreign 88..18,T75.. 828.. 98.. 23,367.. 956. .186. .42,142. .1,784 

Total 157. .30,9(35. .1,392. .285. .65,458. .2,664. .442. .96,423. .4,058 

Alexandria 59. .10,633.. 442.. 64. .11,534.. 474. .123. .22,172. . 916 

Norfolk 74.. 14,281.. 684. . 140. .26,765. .1,163. .214. .41,046. .1,847 

Petersburg 9.. 3,517.. 131.. 5.. 1,946.. 63.. 14.. 5,463.. 194 

Richmond 8.. 1,811.. 76.. 69. .24,321.. 908.. 77. .26,132.. 984 

Tappahaunock 7.. 718.. 42.. 7.. 892.. 44.. 14,. 1,610.. 86 

The shipping owned in the several districts of the State in 
1850, amounted to 74,071 tons ; of this 18,043 tons was " regis- 
tered'' shipping — 7,092 permanent, and 10,591 temporary: 
52,535 tons was "enrolled and licensed" — 51,514 tons perma- 
nent, and 1,021 temporary ; and 3,493 tons was " licensed under 
20 tons." The tonnage of the districts was as follows — Alex- 
andria, 8,738 tons ; Norfolk, 24,135 tons ; Petersburg, 2,708 
tons ; Richmond, 8,458 tons ; Yorktown, 4,807 tons ; Tappa- 
hannock, 5,824 tons; Accomac, 4,083 tons; East River, 4,809 
tons; Yeocomico, 3,284 tons; Cherrystone, 1,232 tons, and 



92 



RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



P. T. MOORE & CO. 

IMPOETEES AND DEALEES IN 

FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC HARDWARE, 

No. 24 Pearl or 14th Street, 

JOHN S. VAN-LEW. THOMAS TAYLOR, Jr. 

VAN-LEW & TAYLOR, 



IMPOETEES ANB DEALEES IN 



FORIGN km MISTIC HARDWARE, 

FARMiG UTEi\'SILS Ai\'D HOUSEKEEPING ARTICLES, 
3>a'o. xo ^^.A.x.iaa' s ■xr xi. x: :e: or , 

S as El El© 53®. 



JOSEPH P. JONES, 



JOHN F. C. POTTS. 



JONES & POTTS, 

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL 




UHNITURE DEALERS, 

No. 169 fflain Street, opposite Exchange Bank, 
I O H Ikd O 3Nr u . 



JOHN THOMPSON, 

©S/^lLtsS Q5J1 ffli\irSp (§aP8„ IFIIES, 
lOOTS, SHOES, TRUNKS, 

CARPET BAGS, UMBRELLAS, &c. 



GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 



93 



Wheeling, 5,934 tons. Of the enrolled and licensed tonnage, 
all of which is employed in the coasting and river trade, 8,726 
tons are navigated by steam power — in the Atlantic districts, 
2,792 tons, and in Wheeling district, on Ohio Kiver, 5,934 tons. 
Within the year specified there were built in the State — 1 ship, 
1 brig, 2T schooners, and 5 steamers — total, 34 vessels, of an 
aggregate burden of 3,584 tons. The serial statistics of the for- 
eign commerce from 1791 to 1850, are comprised in the follow- 
ing table : 



Year. 

1791..^ 

1T92.. 

1Y93.. 

1794.. 

1Y95.. 

1796.. 

lldl.. 

1798.. 

1799.. 

1800.. 

1801.. 

1802 

1803.. 

1804.. 

1805.. 

1806.. 

1807.. 

1808.. 

1809.. 

1810.. 



Exports. 

13,130,865. 
3,552,825. 
2,987,098. 
3,321,636. 
3,490,041. 
5,268,655. 
4,908,713. 
6,113,451. 
6,292,986. 
4,430,689. 
5,655,574. 
3,978,363. 
6,100,708. 
5,790,001. 
5,606,620. 
5,055,396. 
4,761,234. 
526,473. 
2,894,125. 
4,822,611. 



Imports.; Year. 

.$ 11811 

. 1812 

. 1813 

1814 
1815 
1816 
1817 
1818 
1819 
1820 
1821 
1822 
1823 
1824 
1825 
1826 
1827 
1828 
1829 
;1830 



Exports. 
$4,822,307 
3,091,112 
1,819,722 
17,581 
6,676,976 
8,212,860 
5,628,442 
7,016,246 
4,392,321 
4,557,957 
3,079,209 
3,217,389 
4,006,788 
3,277,564 
4,129,520 
4,596,732 
4,657,938 
3,340,185 
3,787,431 
4,791,644 



Imports. 



Year. 
1831 
1832 
1833 
1834 
1835 
1836 
1837 
1838 
1839 
1840 
1,078,490 1841 
864,162 1842 
681,810 1843 
639,7871844 
553,5621845 
635,438}l846 
431,765,1847 
375,23811848 
395,352|1849 
405;739ll850 



Exports. 
H,151,475 
4,510,650 
4,467,587 
5,469,240 
6,064,063 
6,192,040 
3,702,714 
3,986,228 

4,778,220 
5,630,286 
3,750,386 
1,957,165 
2,942,279 
2,104,581 
3,529,299 
5,658,374 
3,681,412 
3,373,738 
3,415,646 



Imports. 

$488,522 
553,639 
690,391 
837,325 
691,255 

1,106,814 
813,862 
577,142 

545,685 
377,237 
316,705 
187,062 
267,654 
267,658 
209,004 
386,127 
215,081 
241,935 
426,599 




Internal Communication, etc. — The railroads and canals of 
Virginia, which are among the most magnificent works of the 
kind in the Union, extend generally from the Atlantic ports 
to the West, and are continued through Ohio, Kentucky, and 
Tennessee, to all the chief places in the north-west, west and 
south-west. Alexandria, Eichmond, and Norfolk, are the ini- 
tial points on the Atlantic ; from Alexandria diverge the Or- 
ange and Alexandria Railroad and the Manassas Gap R. R. — 
the one directed toward Gordonsville, where it joins the Central 
road, and the other crossing the first mountains, and passing 
down the valley to Harrisburg and Staunton, there unites with 
the same line ; the Central Railroad, starting at Richmond, 



94 



RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



MILLER & VINCENT, 

Main st. , nearly opposite 2d Baptist Church. 

Monuments, Tombs, Fonts, &c., executed in a 
manner not to be surpassed here or elsewhere. 
Tlie public are respectfully invited to call and 
examine specimens of work executed by them as 
the best test of their merit. 



WILSON WILLIAMS, 





WHOLESALE AND RETAIL, 

CORNER MAIN and 18th STREETS, 



GREAT I1EDLCT10.\ M THE PRICE OF HATS AND BOOTS. 

From Fifteen to Twenty per cent, saved by buying from 



DFX. X O ZX 3VC O IKTSD . 

Moleskin Hats, of best quality, $3 50; second best quality, $3 00; Fashionable 
SILK HATS, $2 50; Fine Calfskin Sewed BOOTS, $3 50; Fine Calfskin Sewed 

HOES, $2 25. 

.1. H. ANTHONY has made arrangements with one of the best makers in the 
city of Philadelphia to supply him with a handsome and substantial calfskin sewed 
BOOT, which he will sell at the unprecedented low price of §3 50. 

HENRY BULL 8c 

Manufacturers of every description and style of 



MmimmU, Tombs, &c. &c. 

All work done at this establishment warranted to give 
satisfaction. Orders from the country solicited. Work can 
be forwarded to all parts of the State without delay. 

East corner of 8th and Main Streets, 

5:^2. □: c^ oa sia cs) skst ssi «. 




GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 95 

passes through Gordonsville, Staunton, etc., to Covington, and 
there unites with the Covington and Ohio railroad, extending 
westward to Point Pleasant, on the Ohio, there uniting with 
the Ohio system, and to the mouth of Big Sandy Kiver, where 
it joins the Kentucky lines to Maysville, Lexington and Louis- 
ville, and through them connects with the lines stretching to 
the north and toward Nashville and New Orleans, and from 
Norfolk and Petersburg a line extends through the southern 
counties to the Tennessee line, whence it is continued to Knox- 
ville, connecting at that point with numerous lines directed to 
every important central station in the south-west, etc. These 
railroads furnish to the State ample means of transportation, 
and will carry to and from the seaboard an immense commer- 
cial material. They will also be the means of reviving the 
general commerce of the State, and of furnishing an outlet at 
Virginian ports for much of the produce of Ohio, Kentucky, 
and Tennessee, which now finds its way to more northern mar- 
kets. In the north-west several lines are being built to connect 
the systems of Pennsylvania and Maryland with those of Ohio 
and the West, and of these the North-western railroad is per- 
haps the most important, as it will furnish the shortest route 
from Cincinnati to Baltimore. In the south-east the Seaboard 
and Roanoke Railroad furnishes an important route from the 
seaboard into North Carolina. The great southern line of rail- 
roads also passes through Virginia, having Fredericksburg, 
Richmond and Petersburg in its route, and being continued 
south and south-west to Wilmington, Columbia, etc. This is 
the route of the great southern mail. There are, besides these 
numerous short lines, branches, etc., diverging from the main 
lines to several important points. The whole extent of com- 
pleted railroad in the State on the 1st January, 1853, was 624 
miles, and about 800 miles more were in course of construction. 
The canals of Virginia are — the James river and Kanawha 
Canal, the Dismal Swamp Canal, and the Alexandria Canal. 
The Baltimore and Ohio Canal, though in Maryland, is to all 
intents and purposes, as much a canal of Virginia as of that 
State, being only separated from it by the channel of the Poto- 
mac river. The Alexandria Canal, which is a continuation of 
the Baltimore and Ohio Canal, from Georgetown to Alexan- 
dria, is seven and a half miles long, and is carried over the Po- 



96 



RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



EXvHANuE 

nioiiavcoixriD. 





JOHM P. BALLARD, Proprietor, 

Located in the centre of the Business portion of the City 
and within a few minutes' walk of the State House^ Gov- 
ernor's Mansion, Public Buildings, Capital Square, &c. 

Omnibuses will be in waiting at the Cars and Steam- 
ers, to convey passengers to this Hotel. 



> < *i» I 



The above is one of the largest and most elegantly fur- 
nished Establishments in the United States, and kept in a 
superior manner, by a Gentleman of known reputation and 
popularity. — Editor. 



GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 97 

tomac on a splendid aqueduct. The James River and Kanawha 
Canal, second only in extent and importance to the Erie Canal 
of New York, is carried through the valley of James Eiver, 
and is now complete to Balcony Falls, from which point it will 
he continued along the valley of the Kanawha River to the 
Ohio. This great work has heen of vast advantage to the in- 
terior of Virginia, and on an average transports about $12,000,000 
valuation of merchandise. " Without the Erie Canal," says 
Governor Floyd, "the city of New York would have been sec- 
ond still to Philadelphia." Great as the advantages of this 
work unquestionably are, those of the James River and Kana- 
wha Canal are undoubtedly superior. It possesses the striking 
advantage of lying five degrees south of the great northern 
work, and is therefore free from the ice which obstructs the 
navigation there for so large a portion of the year. It 
touches the Ohio River far south of any water communication 
from the Atlantic wliatever, and at a point south of which 
there can be across the country no other water connection. It 
will command all the trade of a great part of Ohio, Kentucky, 
Indiana, Illinois, and Missouri, and most probably those re- 
gions lying still higher up toward the sources of the Missouri 
after that period it is unsafe to send produce north. " We will 
see," says the Governor, " canal boats laden at the falls of St. 
Anthony or Council Bluff discharging their cargoes at Lynch- 
burg, Richmond and Norfolk," etc. This work is now rapidly 
progressing to completion. The Dismal Swamp Canal connects 
Chesapeake Bay with Albemarle Sound, extending from Deep 
Creek to Joyce's Creek, 23 miles. At present it is chiefly val- 
uable as an avenue for tlie transportation of the lumber, naval, 
stores, etc., of tlie region through which it passes. With such 
works as the above, who cannot but foresee that Virginia will, 
at no distant day, be one of the most successful commercial 
States of the Union, and its ports, so long forsaken, the marts 
of a trade not surpassed by that of the present great emporia 
of the country. 

Banks. — In October, 1850, Virginia had 6 Banks and 31 
branch banks. The condition of these establishments at that 
date was as follows : llabiUtles — capital $9,814,545 ; circulation 
$10,256,967; deposits $4,717,732; due other banks $338,841; 
and «ssefe— loans and discounts $19,646,777 ; stocks $269,914 ; 

13 ■' 



98 



RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



HUGH "W". FRY & SONl 

WHOLESALE 










f 



AND AGENTS FOR THE SALE OF 

PERUVIAN AND MEXICAN GUANO, 
Corner of Pearl and Gary streets, 

IB n © s sa ® ST E) 



torn" m)i €mmmm Slcrcljant 

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALER IN 

ALE, CIDEK, FISH, &». 

km prnvmom w eveky ^ine, 

Seventeenth Street, corner of Main st. 






I I I 






AND GENEKAL 



COMMISSION MERCHANTS, 

IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN 
CORNER 14TH (OR PEARL) AND CARY STREETS, 

[E[liffl!iIl®El®, 



GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 99 

real estate $764,282 ; other investments $210,498 ; due by other 
banks, $1,925,652 ; notes of other banks, $552,153 ; andsjiecie, 
$2,928,174. Since the date of these returns several banks have 
been established in accordance with the new banking law, de- 
positing security for the redemption of their notes. The returns 
above given are those of the old chartered banks, which enjoy 
a high credit at home and abroad. These are — The Bank of 
the Valley, at Winchester, with branches at Charlestown, Lees- 
burg, Romney, Staunton, and Christianburg ; the Bank of the 
Virginia at Richmond, with branches at Buchanan, Charles- 
town^ Danville, Fredericksburg, Lynchburg^ Norfolk, Peters- 
burg and Portsmouth ; the Exchange Bank of Virginia, at 
Norfolk, with branches at Abington, Alexandria, Clarkesville, 
Petersburg, Richmond, Salem and Weston ; the Farmers' 
Bank of Virginia, at Richmond, with branches at Alexandria, 
Charlottesville, Danville, Farmville, Fredericksburg, Lynch- 
burg, Norfolk, Petersburg, Winchester, and Wythesville ; the 
Merchants' and Mechanics' Bank, at Wheeling, with branch at 
Morgantown ; and the North-western bank of Virginia, at 
Wheeling, with branches at Jeffersonville, Parkersburg, and 
Wellsburg. 

Government, etc. — The present constitution of Virginia was 
adopted in convention on the 1st of August, and ratified by 
the people on the 25th of October, 1851. It superseded the 
constitution of 1776 and the amendments of 1831. 

The rigid to vote is given to every white male citizen 21 years 
old, resident of the State two years, and of the county, city, or 
town one year next preceding an election. The exceptions are 
those common to other States. Votes are given viva voce, and 
not hj ballot ; but dumb persons may so vote. The general 
election is held on the fourth Thursday of October bienially. 

The Lerjislaturc is styled the General Assembly, and consists 
of a House of Delegates and a Senate. The house consists of 
152 members, chosen biennially, apportioned on the basis of 
the white population. The Senate is based on i^opulation and 
taxation combined, and consists of 50 members, elected in 
districts by the voters therein for the term of four years, one- 
half of the number being chosen biennially. Delegates must 
have attained the age of 21, and senators that of 25 years, and 
none but qualified voters are eligible for election. Persons 



100 



RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



S. McG-RUDER'S SONS, 



111111 iilili 

AND DEALERS IN 

Guano, Super Phosphate of Lime, &c. 

15th bet"ween Main and Gary streets, 

[R © [Ml IMl @ IN] [5) . 





'9 



No. 100 Main Street, 

3F1. X c; 



R. C. FLANNAGAN, A. STOKES, D. J. HARTNON, GEO. REVE3. 



R E B T 9 



u 



BANNER FACTORY, 

Q3. d (^ IKE s^a c^ s;2r £s> o 



GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 101 

holding lucrative offices, ministers of the Gospel, salaried offi- 
cers of hanks, and attorneys of the Commonwealth are ineligi- 
ble. Any elective officer removing from his district vacates his 
office. In 1865, and decennially thereafter, there shall he a 
re-apportionment. The sessions of the Legislature commence 
on the second Monday of January biennially, and continue not 
more than 90 days, unless a prolongation be concurred in by 
three-fifths of all the members, nor in any case shall a session 
be extended beyond the ordinary term for more than 30 days. 
Bills may originate or be amended in either house. 

The executive power is vested in a Governor, elected by the 
people for four years, commencing from the 1st January suc- 
ceeding election. The governor is ineligible for any other of- 
fice during his term, and can be elected for two successive 
terms. He must be 30 years of age, a native citizen of the 
United States, and for 5 years a citizen of the State. He must 
reside at the seat of Government. A Lieutenant-governor, 
with like qualifications, etc., is elected for a like term, and is 
the constitutional successor of the governor in case of death or 
disability ; he is also ex-qfficio president of the Senate. 

The principal administrative officers are — a Secretary of the 
Commonwealth, a Treasurer, and an Auditor of Public Ac- 
counts. These are elected by joint vote of the General As- 
sembly for two years. For the jmrpose of electing the Board of 
Public Works, the State is divided into three districts, each of 
which shall elect one commissioner. Their term is six years, 
and they are so classified that one of their number shall retire 
every two years. The General Assembly, by a three-fifths 
vote, may abolish the board. 

The judiciary is vested in a Supreme Court of Appeals, Dis- 
trict Courts, and Circuit Courts. In each circuit, (21 in num- 
ber,) a judge is elected by the voters for the term of eight 
years, and who holds two circuit courts in the counties of his 
circuit annually. In each district, (10 in number,) a district 
court is held by the judges of the circuits constituting the 
District, and the Judge of the Supreme Court for the Section, 
any three of whom may hold a court. Judges of the Supreme 
Court of Appeals are also elected by the voters for 12 years, 
each section (5 in number) electing 1 Judge. The 5 judges 
so elected constitute the Supreme Court, any three of whom 



102 



RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



JAMES T. BUTLER. 



JOHN T. BUTLER. 



JAMES T. BUTLER & CO. 



AND 



COMMISSION MERCHANTS, 

GARY STREET, 



T. DUDLEY. 



JOSEPH BAXTER. 



T. P. BAXTER. 



IMPOKTEPwS AND DEALEKS IN 

WINES, BRANDIES AND SEGARS, 

1L(D)MI0)(0)M & FMHIL^IDEILFeil A F(D)II^ WIS^ 
Scotch and PhiladelpMa Ale, 

DISTILLEES AND EECTIFIEKS OF 

OF SUPERIOR QUAtilTY AND FI.AVOR, 



0©[ 



1^ 1 # m 



a 



S- H. JETER. 



E. M. LEFTWICH. 



JETEE & LEFTWICH, 

Will give their prompt and personal attention to the sale of 

WHEAT, CORN, FLOUR AND TOBACCO. 

Office two doors below Columbian Hotel, 
C:? -A. "FL ■'S" S ^P ^^ ES EI T? , 

l^ D © [Ml G^ © ^ P . 



GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 103 

may hold a circuit. It lias jurisdiction only where the matter 
in controversy is not less in value than $500, except in certain 
specified cases. Special Courts of Appeal may be organized. 
Circuit Judges must not be less than 30, nor Supreme Court 
Judges less than 35 years of age, and no election for judges 
shall be held within 30 days of the time of holding the elec- 
tion for President, for Congressmen, or for members of the 
State Legislature. Officers of the Supreme and District Courts 
are appointed by the Judges thereof; but Clerks of Circuits 
are elected by the voters for six years. When a G-overnor is 
elected, an Attorney-General is also elected for the term of 
four years. 

County Courts are held monthly by not less than three, nor 
more than five Justices. Each county is divided into districts, 
and each district elects 4 Justices for the term of 4 years. The 
Justices so elected choose one of their own body to attend each 
term of the Court, and classify the rest for the performance of 
their duties. The voters of each county elect also a Clerk of 
the County Court, and a Surveyor, for 6 years, an Attorney of 
the Commonwealth for 4 years, and a Sheriff, and Commis- 
sioner of the Eevenue, for 2 years. Constables and overseers of 
the poor are elected by the voters. 

Among the miscellaneous 2^i'ovisions of the constitution are 
the following : the writ of habeas corpiLS shall not be suspended, 
nor shall any bill of attainder be passed, nor any ex-post facto 
law, nor any law impairing the obligation of contracts, or 
taking private property without just compensation, or abridg- 
ing the freedom of speech, or of the press, or establishing any 
religion, or prescribing any religious test, or conferring any 
privileges or advantages on any one sect or denomination ; no 
law shall embrace more than one object, and when amended, 
shall be re-enacted at length ; provision may be made, render- 
ing ineligible for office those who fight or are engaged in a 
duel ; the Senate shall try impeachments made by the House, 
and may sit for this purpose during recess ; slaves hereafter 
emancipated shall forfeit their freedom by remaining in the 
Commonwealth more than 12 months ; restrictions may be im- 
posed upon emancipation, but the General Assembly shall not 
emancipate ; it may relieve the State from the free negroes by 
removal or otherwise ; yeas and nays shall be taken on all tax 



104 



RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



CHAS. T. WORTHAM. G. WORTHAM. 

O. T. "WORTHAM & CO. 



'9 



li. z c:j H 3vi: CD nxr 



JOHN BOOKER. SAMUEL V. WATKINS. 

BOOKEE & WATKINS, 

GENERAL 



Gary Street, betrveen 12th and 13th sts. 

322. a O 03 SX£ CE> EST 523 = 



'3 



BAEKSDALE, STOVALL & CO. 
Produce €ommMoii Merchants, 



AND 



FORWARDING AGENTS, 



HENRY W. BARKSDALE, 
JONATHAN B. STOVALL, 
BEVERLY BARKSDALE, Jr 



VIRGINIA DAGUERREIAN GALLERY. 
W. C. CRALLE'S 

Xj,I C31- H T 



law 



No. 37 Mansion House, Main street, 
XI. X o ib: 3MC o 3xr x> . 



3 



GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 105 

and appropriation bills ; no incorporated company shall be re- 
leased from its liability to the State ; nor shall the faith of the 
State be pledged for the debts of any company ; seven per cent. 
of the State debt existing, 1st January, 1852, shall be annually 
set apart as a sinking fund to redeem said debt ; no loans shall 
be contracted for a longer period than 34 years ; whenever a 
debt is contracted, there shall be set apart annually, for 34 
years, a sum exceeding by one '^qv cent, the aggregate amount 
of tlie annual interest agreed to be paid thereon at the time of 
its contraction, which sum shall be a part of the sinking fund ; 
stocks held by the Commonwealth may be sold, but the pro- 
ceeds must be applied to the payment of the public debt ; no 
charter shall be granted to any church, but title to church 
property may be granted to a limited extent ; no lottery shall 
be authorized, and tlie buying and selling of tickets shall be 
prohibited ; no new county shall be formed with an area less 
than 600 square miles ; powers shall be conferred on the Courts 
exclusively to grant divorces, to change the names of persons, 
and direct the sale of infants' estates ; there shall be a period- 
ical registration of voters, and of births, marriages, and deaths, 
annually; a census shall be taken every five years after the 
national census. 

Federal Representation. — In accordance with the act of 23d 
May, 1853, Virginia elects thirteen representatives to the Con- 
gress of the United States. 

The militia force of the State, in 1851, consisted of 125,128 
men of all arms, of wliicli number 6,494 were commissioned 
officers, and 118,634 non-commissioned officers, musicians, arti- 
ficers, and privates. Of the commissioned officers 32 were gen- 
eral officers, 66 general staff-officers, 1,423 field-officers, etc., 
and 4,973 company officers. All white persons between the ages 
of 18 and 45 years are subject to military duty. 

The jjrmcipaZ benevolent institutions of the State are the Lu- 
natic Asylum, at Staunton, and the Institution for the Deaf 
and Dumb and the Blind, at the same place. These institu- 
tions are liberally supported by annual legislative appropria- 
tions. 

Public Finances, etc. — The aggregate debt of Virginia, on 
the 1st April, 1851, was as follows: Revolutionary War debt 
(6 p. c.,) $24,039 n ; war debt of 1812 (7 p. c.,) $319,000; in- 

14 



106 



RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



R. & G. WHITFIELD, 

WHOLESALE AND EETAIL 



Corner of Cary and 10th streets, 

TVILLLAia TA7LOS, 

GROCER AND COMMISSION MERCHif, 

AND DEALEK IN 
Nos. 9 and 11 East Main streets, 



E. H. SKINKER, 



AND 



On hand a full stock of Groceries, Iron, Steel, Tin Plates, &c. 
Particular attention given to the sale of FLOUR, WHEAT, CORN, and other 
Coutry Produce. 

JAMES VV. VERSER. JAMES BOISSEAU. 

VERSER & BOISSEAU, 

SUCCESSORS TO WM. EGGLESTON; 

§mtm ml €nimnmu 3\Un\)mk, 

3MO. av i=»ea.n street. 

Personal attention given to the sale of Country Produce, &c. 



GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 107 

ternal imiirovement debt (6 p. c.,) $9,364,916 04 ; internal im- 
provement debt (5 p. c.,) $1,065,600; internal improvement 
debt (5^ p. c.,) $25,300 ; debt for subscription to banks, $450,10T 
—total debt, $11,248,962 21; but of this there Avas held by 
State agents, under the control of the Legislature — by Literary 
Fund $1,125,606 50, and by Board of Public Works $375,- 
912 41, or in all $1,501,518 91, leaving an actual outstanding 
debt of $9,747,443 30. The State is also liable conditionally 
for guaranteed bonds for internal improvements $3,947,894. 
The State liolds assets, consisting of stocks and debts due — 
productive of $7,060,565 48, and — not now productive, $6,052,- 
266 53: total $13,112,832 11. The valuation of property, real 
and personal, assessed for taxation, in 1850, amounted to 
$381,376,660. The valuation of the same, according to the U. 
S. census of that year, was $430,701,082. The valuation for 
taxes in May, 1852, amounted to $415,542,189 70, being an in- 
crease of over $34,000,000 in two years, and it was estimated 
that there was otiier property: not taxed to the value of $50,- 
000,000. 

The chief sources of 'income for the year Avere as follow : 
ordinary revenue and taxation, $676,256 09; dividends on bank 
stock, $286,542 94 ; bonus on bank dividends, $46,093 36 ; in- 
ternal improvements, $64,029 ; interest on loans to internal 
improvement companies, $90,771 61; militia lines, $13,509 76; 
annuity from Old James Kiver Company, $21,000 ; loans ob- 
tained to pay subscriptions to joint-stock companies, etc., $1,- 
238,395 19 ; temporary loans, $100,000 ; Washington Monu- 
ment Fund, $22,115 69 ; and sales of articles made at the Pen- 
itentiary, $11,000. The expenditures were as follows : expenses 
of General Assembly, . $103,867 25 ; officers of government, 
$93,647 45 ; criminal charges, $39,554 82 ; contingent expen- 
ses of Courts, $32,931 65 ; militia, $19,344 55 ; Virginia Mili- 
tary Institute, $20,710; public Guard at Kichmond, $21,- 
340 18; comm. of revenue, $32,106 90; lunatics and lunatic 
asylums, $100,390 71 ; deaf and dumb and blind asylums, 
$18,901 29; interest on public debt, $559,634 47; contingent 
fund, $16,672 40; public roads, $5,601 50; general appropria- 
tions, $27,162 02; revision of laAvs, $28,801; penitentiary, 
$27,502 84 ; redemption of public debt, $239,500 ; advance to 
Board of Public Works, $197,000 ; Washington monument, 



108 



RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



JOSEPH P. WINSTON. WILLIAM H. POWERS. 

WINSTON & POWERS, 

SUCCESSORS TO NACE & WINSTON, 



Mi 



M 



AND DEALERS IN ALL KINDS OF FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC 



Corner of Cary and Pearl Streets^ leading to Mayo's Bridge) 
3ELXOX3:]VC<33>2^J3. 

Agents for Virginia Lime. Office of the Manchester Cotton 
and Wool Manufacturing Company. 

WiTI. II. POW£IlS, Agent. 

THOMAS W. KEESEE, 
.A.XJOT'IOKrEiESn, 

OFFICE AT GEeEGE L SUmmWB, 

Will attend to the sale of Keal Estate, and every description 
of Merchandise, Household Furniture, &c. 

JOHN M. ROYALL, 



PEARL STREET, BELOW^ CARY, 



Messrs. Lewis AVebb & Son, "| Messrs. Tifiaiiy, Ward & Co. ' 



Bacon & Baskerville, , j>i^.]j5^] 
Devanport, Allen & Co. 
Kent, Paine & Kent, 
John Caswell & Co. 1 -fj v 
Lane & Hussey. 



fe Co. 1 j^ 

y- J 



Rice, Chase & Co 
" George & Jenkins, 
" Lewis & Geo. Cassard, f 
" H. E. Thomas & Co. 
" F. W. Bruno & Son. J 



Balto. 



GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. lOgf 

$29,860 25 ; dividends to stockholders of Old James River 
Company, $20,895 ; surveys, $3,500 ; subscriiotions to internal 
improvement companies out of loans received, $1,185,527 28; 
primary schools, $45,674 03 ; and annuity to University of 
Virginia, $150,000. 

Educational Statistics. — The number of schools reported in 126 
counties and towns, for the year 1850-51, was 3,904, and the 
number of poor children 72,876, of which 31,655 had attended 
schools during the year. Amount expended for tuition, inclu- 
ding books, compensation of officers, and all other expenses, 
$68,135 93. Average actual attendance of each child at com- 
mon schools, 52f days. Average cost per annum of each scholar 
$2 15. The permanent capital of the Literary Fund amounted 
on the 1st October, 1850, to $1,533,710 82 ; and the revenue 
derived therefrom, for the year, amounted to $97,883 66. Acad- 
emies, seminaries, and private schools, are numerous in all tlie 
cities and towns, and many of these are institutions of favorable 
reputation. The statistics of the collegiate establishments and 
professional schools, in 1851, are as follow : 

Collegiate Institutions. Location. Founded. Trof's. Alum. Stud's, Vols. 

William & Mary Col. (Epis.) Williamsburg 1692 7... — ... 36... 5,000 

Hampden Sidney Col Prince Edwards co. 1*783 6. ..1,500... 25... 8,000 

Washington Col Lexington 1789.... 6... 600... 50... 4,950 

University of Virginia Charlottesville. . . .1819..J.10. . .3,500. . .383. . .16,000 

Randolph-Macon Col. (Meth) Boydton 1832.... 7... 147... 80... 8,000 

Richmond Col. (Baptist).... Richmond 1832.... 5... 5... 50... 1,200 

Emory & Henry Col. (Meth.) Emory 1838 5... 65. ..100... 7,807 

Rector College (Baptist). ... Pruntytown 1839 3... — ... 50... 2,500 

Virginia Military Institute. . Lexington 1839.... 6... 107. ..120... 2,000 

Bethany College Bethany 1841 6... 80. ..141... 3,500 

Professional Schools. 

Episco. Theol. School of Va. Fairfax county 1822 4... 229... 38... 5,000 

Union Theol. Sem. (Presb).. Prince Edwar'dsco. 1824... . 3... 175... 20... 4,000 

Virginia Baptist Seminary. . Richmond 1832.... 3... — ... 67... 1,000 

Law Depart., Univ. of Va... Charlottesville.... — .... 1... — ^ ... 70... — 

Law Dept. Wm. & Mary Col. Williamsburg — .... 1... — ... 32... — 

Med. School, Univ. of Va... Charlottesville ... .1825 3... — ... 95... — 

Med. Dept. Hamp. Sid. Col.. Richmond 1838 7... 40... 90... — 

Winchester Medical College.. Winchester — ....5... — ... — ... — 

William and Mary College is, with the exception of Harvard 
University, the oldest literary institution in the country, and 
is distinguished for its large proportion of graduates who have 
risen to eminence, some of whom have held the highest stations 
in the nation. Thomas Jefferson was a graduate of this col- 
lege. It was founded on a donation of land, 20,000 acres, 
granted in the reign of William and Mary. The buildings are 
of brick, and sufficient to accommodate 100 students. It was 



110 



RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



LOUIS J. BOSSIEUX, 

MANUFACTUEEK OF 



T 



9 



AND WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALER IN 



Fruits, Confectioneries & Fancy Goods, 
LOGAN WALLER, 






fFi' 



Attends promptly to the sale of Wheat, Corn, Flour and To- 
bacco. Your patronage is respectfully solicited. Office two 
doors below the Columbian Hotel, 

GARY STREET, 

3FL I c:; n 3m: o rsr i>. 
BROWN & SHOOK, 

G E N E E A L 

3El.IOH3Vi:C^ig"I>. 

No drayage charged. All letters promptly answered. 

GRANT & BENNETT, 



TWENTIETH STREET, 



GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 



Ill 



formerly allowed a representative in the General Assembly. 
Hampden-Sidney College was established in 17 74, and named 
after those martyrs who perished in the good old cause — John 
Hampden, and Algernon Sidney. It was chartered in 1783. 
More instructors have emanated from this college than from 
any other southern institution. Connected with the college is 
a Literary and Philosophic Society, and an Institute of Educa- 
tion. There are also several societies among the students. The 
University owes its origin and peculiar organization to Mr. Jef- 
ferson. It possesses philosophical and chemical apj^aratus, to- 
gether with a fine cabinet of minerals and fossils, and an ana- 
tomical and miscellaneous museum. The observatory, a short 
distance from the university, is furnished with the requisite 
astronomical instruments. Tlie organization of the university 
ditfers materially from that of any other institution in the 
Union. The students are not divided into four classes, with a 
course of studies emliracing four years, but the different 
branches are styled '^schools," and the student is at liberty to 
attend which he pleases, and graduate in each when prepared. 
In order to attain the degree of M. A., the student must gradu- 
ate in the several schools of mathematics^ ancient languages, 
moral philosophy, natural philosophy, chemistry, and in some 
two of the modern languages. This institution is in every re- 
spect organized and justly regarded as a university of the first 
class. The Virginia Military Institute is conducted on the plan 
of instruction observed at West Point, and is a highly valued 
institution, and has been liberally encouraged by State appro- 
priations. 

Religious Denominations. — The statistics of the several relig- 
ious denominations in the State in 1850 were as follow : 



Denomina- No. of Church Value of 

tions. Churches. accom. Property. 

Baptist 639. . . .241,689. .$687,918 

Christian 16.... 4,900.. 7,595 

Congregatio'l. — .... — ■ .. — 

Dutch Reform. — .... — • . . — 

Episcopal leT 73,884.. 527,150 

Free 107.... 35,025,. 61,900 

Friends 14 6,300.. 18,825 

German Ref'd 9 3,800.. 16,200 

Jewish 1.... 600.. 4,000 

Lutheran 50 18,750.. 52,445 

Mennonite 6.... 2,250.. 5,550 

— making a total of 2,336 churches, with 
valued at $2,849,176. 



Denomina- No. of 

tions. Churches. 

Methodist... .1,002.. 
Moravian.... 8.. 
Presbyterian . 23G. . . 
R. Catholic. 17.. 
Swedenbourg — . . , 

Tunker 8.. 

Union 47.. 

Unitarian. ... — . . , 
Universalist.. 1.., 
Minor Sects. . 8. . . 



Church 
accom. 

315,763., 
1,500., 

101,625.. 
7,930., 

4,400.. 
13,250.. 

200.. 



Value of 
Property. 

.$721,008 

2,550 

. 567,165 

. 126,100 

. 8,200 
. 24,025 

500 
. 18,050 



accommodation for 824,691 i arsons, and 



112 



RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 




AND 





i& 



THOMAS GRIFFIN, 

PROPKIETOK, 
No. 84 MAIN STREET, 



This new and well known Established RESTAURANT is 
kept constantly supplied with every Delicacy of the season, 
from the Northern and Southern Markets. 

HAVING SUPERIOR COOKS, 

EITENSI7E AND ¥ELL FUHNISHED ROOMS, 

And every facility for the purpose, he feels authorized to say 
that he can furnish 

Suppers^ Dinners, &c. 

In a style not surpassed by any similar Establishment in 

this City. 

^/SMiIia[L,[!18, PiifEfOlS ®[E ®M©§, 

Attended to at all times with promptness and dispatch. 



GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 113 

Virginia forms a cliocessof the Protestant Episcopal Church, 
and comprises the Roman Catholic Diocesses of Richmond and 
Wheeling, and also a portion of the Archdiocess of Baltimore, 
the last being that portion of the District of Columbia retro- 
ceded in 1846. 

Public Libraries. — The Report of the Librarian of the Smith- 
sonian Institution, made in 1851, states the public libraries of 
Virginia as follows : one State Library — 14,000 volumes ; four 
social — 3,313 volumes; nine college — 45,790 volumes; eight 
students' — 10,466 volumes ; five academic and professional — 
12,951 volumes ; one scientific and historical — 1,200 volumes ; 
two public — 1,460 volumes. Total — thirty libraries, and 89,180 
volumes. 

Periodical Press. — Virginia, on the 1st June, 1850, had 100 
periodical issues — in politics 31 were Avhig, 22 democrat, and 
47 neutral, the latter including those devoted to literature, sci- 
ence, religion, and all the character of which had not been 
ascertained. Of the whole number, 20 were published daily, 6 
tri-weekly, 7 semi-weekly, 60 weekly, 4 monthly, and 1 quar- 
terly ; and the circulation of the dailies was 32,750 copies at 
each issue ; of the tri-weeklies, 700 copies ; of the semi-w^eek- 
lies, 6,500 copies ; of the weeklies 41,936 copies; of the month- 
lies, 13,150 copies ; and of the quarterly, 1,000 copies. There 
were published in Augusta County, (Staunton,) 3 weekly ; Al- 
bemarle, (3 in Charlottesville,) 3 weeklies and 1 monthly ; in 
Alexandria, one daily, one tri-weekly, and one weekly; in Bote-^ 
tourt, Berkley and Brooke, each two w^eeklies ; in Campbell, 
(Lynchburg,) three semi-weeklies ; in Dinwiddle, (Petersburg,) 
two dailies and one tri-weekly ; in Fauquier, two weeklies ; in 
Fairfax, one weekly; in Frederick, (Winchester,) two weeklies ; 
in Greenbrier, one weekly ; in Harrison, two weeklies ; in 
Hardy, one weekly ; in Hampshire, two weeklies ; in Henrico, 
(Richmond,) six dailies, one semi-weekly, two weeklies, five 
monthlies, and one quarterly; in Jefferson, three weeklies; in 
Kanawha, one weekly ; in Loudoun, two weeklies ; in Lewis, 
Marshall, and Munroe, each one weekly ; in Monongalia, three 
weeklies ; in Marion and Nansemond, each one weekly ; in 
Norfolk, (Portsmouth 6, and Norfolk 7;) seven dailies, four tri- 
weeklies, and two weeklies ; in Ohio, (Wheeling,) three dailies 
and two weeklies ; in Preston, Prince Edward, and Pittsylva- 

15 



114 



RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



R. P. RICHARDSON. 



B. W. RICHARDSON. 



RICHARDSON & CO. 

IMPORTERS AND JOBBERS IN ENGLISH, FRENCH, GERMAN AND AMERICAN 

'MMEi, iMM, mmm, Quikm, 



Ribbons, Percussion Caps, Hooks and Eyes, Buttons, Threads, Pins, 
Needles, Combs, <&c. A large and splendid assortment of 



infill 



^J W^: 



Constantly on hand, consisting of Tapestry Velvet, Tapestry 
Brussels, Common Brussels, Three Ply, Superfine, Fine 

and Common; 

Bigeloiv's Power-loom Brussels Carpets, 

PERSIAN, HEAVY WILTON, CHENNILLE, BRUSSELS 
AND TUFTED 






ENGLISH AND AMERICAN 

ALL WIDTHS; 
4-4, 5-4 and 6-4 White and Check 



Bookings, Mats, Stair Rods, &c. 



GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 



115 



nia, eacli one weekly ; in Eockbridge, Eockingham^ and She- 
nandoah, each two weeklies ; in Spottsylvania, (Fredericks- 
burg,) one daily, two semi-weeklies, and three weeklies ; in 
Tazewell, one weekly ; in Washington, two weeklies ; and in 
Wood and Wythe, each one weekly. 

Pauperism. — The whole number of paupers relieved and sup- 
ported within the year ending 1st June, 1850, was 5,118, of 
whom 4,933 were native born and 185 foreigners ; and the 
whole number of paupers at the date specified was 4,458 ; of 
whom 4,356 were natives and 102 foreigners. Cost of support, 
etc., during the year, $151,722. 




The name of Sebastian Cabbot stands at the head of the 
early navigators to the Western World, which he discovered in 
1496, and afterwards made many visits to it. 

Historical Sketch. — The name of Virginia, though now belong- 
ino- only to the present State of that name, was originally given 
to the whole extent of country afterward divided into the thir- 
teen colonies. It was bestowed upon the country which he 
attempted to colonize, by Sir Walter Ealeigh, in honor of Eliz- 
abeth, England's virgin queen. The settlement within the lim- 
its of the present State were not, however, effected until April, 
160*7, and this was the first permanent settlement by the English 



116 



RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



GROSHOHG-, TUPMAN & CO. 

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL 









'^ 



No. 86 MAIN STREET, 

Dealers in Superior Clothing and Furnishing Goods. 



SILAS MERCHANT. 



OSCAR F. WEISIGER. 



S. MERCHANT & WEISIGER, 

MANUFACTURERS OF AND DEALERS IN FASHIONABLE 



AND FANCY DRESS ARTICLES, 

A large assortment of Shirts always on hand. 

IVILLIAM J. SMITH, 



Fourteenth Street, opposite Post OlEce, 



3 



O^ 12 



^:^ CE> s^' lE^ 



Strangers and Citizens generally are invited to go to 

162 Main Street, opposite American House, 
r^ I c? EC n^^ O INT ID , 

FOR THEIR SUPPLY OF 




Always on hand a large stock of every description of Gentle- 
men's Ware; also Canes, Umbrellas, Perfumery, &c. 



GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 117 

in America. Previous to this many ineffectual efforts had been 
made to plant colonies on the Atlantic coast. At length the 
matter was undertaken by a company, to which a patent was 
granted by James I, and which was called the London Compa- 
ny, to distinguish it from the Plymouth Company, which 
subsequently settled New England. Three ships with 105 
persons, sailed from London in December, 1606, and after a 
tedious and circuitous passage entered the Bay of Chesapeake in 
April, 1607. On a peninsula a little distance up James River, 
a settlement called Jamestown was begun. The colonists soon 
experienced the difficulties of their new position, and to the 
great exertions of Capt. John Smith, distinguished among the 
adventurers of the age, the colony was indebted to its preserva- 
tion. An incident which occurred at this period has lent to its 
history the attractions of romance. While on a foraging ex- 
pedition he was taken prisoner by the Indians, who determined 
to put him to death ; his head was placed on a stone, and the 
savages were about to dispatch him with clubs, Avhen Pocahon- 
tas, the daughter of the principal chief, Powhatan, after vainly 
imploring mercy for him, rushed forward, and resting her head 
upon that of the captive, appeared determined to share his fate. 
Powhatan relented, and soon after permitted Smith to return 
home. Two years after, when the Indians had plotted the de- 
struction of the colony, Pocahontas, faithful to the attachment 
she had formed, disclosed the plot to the English, and the In- 
dians finding them on their guard abandoned the project. Such 
was the distress of the colonists in 1610, that the survivors had 
actually embarked to return to England, when Lord Delaware, 
who had been appointed Governor, arrived with supplies and 
150 men, and persuaded the colonists to remain. Under this 
governor and his successor the settlement prospered ; useful 
industry succeeded to their previous habits, and aided by a fer- 
tile soil, they were enabled to raise large stocks of provisions. 
In 1619, the first legislature was convened, and about this 
period 1,200 additional emigrants arrived, among whom were 
150 young women, who were sold to the planters for wives. 
Negro slaves were first brought into the country at this time. 
In 1622 the Indians surprised the settlements and massacred 
some 347 of the colonists; and the whole colony would have 
shared the same fate, but that timely information had been 



V 



118 



RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



^# ^ « %. 




No. 81 MAIN STREET, 

Manufacturer and Dealer in every variety and style of 



9 



? 



TB TpT TE] (^ 



Country Merchants and others are requested to call and ex- 
amine his extensive assortment before purchasing elsewhere, 
as his Stock is one of the most extensive in the country. 



GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 119 

given the inhabitants of Jamestown of the conspiracy. To this 
famine succeeded, which was, however, alleviated by the 
arrival of provisions from England. A reinforcement arriving 
at the same time, war was levied against the Indians, and in 
a short time most of the neighboring tribes were subdued or 
slain. Two years afterward the company was dissolved and 
the charter resumed by the king. All power was vested in 
commissioners, and under their rule the colony suffered griev- 
ously. Sir John Hervey, the royal governor, appointed in 1629, 
was seized by the people and sent home a prisoner. He was 
succeeded by Sir William Berkley, who called an assembly of 
burgesses, and governed the province with mildness and pru- 
dence. 

On the revolution in England, the Virginians adhered to 
the cause of the monarch, and even after the death of Charles 
I refused to acknowledge the commonwealth. Submission was 
forced by sending against them an armament ; but the senti- 
ments of the colonists were again declared, for even before the 
restoration in England the authority of Charles II had been 
acknowledged in Virginia. In 1661, an assembly was called 
by the governor, and in the succeeding year the Church of 
England was established by law. Notwithstanding this remark- 
able loyalty of the Virginians, they were made to suffer griev- 
ously from the arbitrary and monopolizing system of the home 
government. The navigation act, and other measures of a sim- 
ilar nature adopted to this time, weighed heavily on the peo- 
ple, and in addition to these grievances, the king, regardless of 
the rights of the landed proprietors, granted to his courtiers 
large tracts of land, to which the settlers were legally entitled. 
From these causes arose an insurrection, memorable in the his- 
tory of Virginia, and known as Bacon's Rebellion. Colonel 
Bacon, an eloquent and ambitious man, put himself at the head 
of the people, who had assembled with the ostensible object of 
a foray against the Indians. The governor, by advice of the 
legislature, issued a proclamation of rebellion against them, 
and so exasperated the leaders of the expedition as to direct 
its object from hostilities against the Indians to war against 
the government. They marched to Jamestown, and after dis- 
persing the assembly. Bacon called a convention, and assumed 
the reins of government. Civil war with all its horrors now 



120 RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 

MEDICAL COLLEGE 

OIF™ "^ I E^ C3r I INT I -^ 



An Annual Course of Lectures is delivered in this Institution, 
commencing on the second Monday in Octoher, and continuing 
till the middle of March ensuing. 

College Building, cor. Washington & College streets. 

PROFESSORS. 

E. L. Bohannan, M. D., Professor of Obstetrics and diseases of 
Women and Children. 

Charles Bell Gibson, M. D., Professor of Surgery and Surgi- 
cal Anatomy. 

David H. Tucker, M. D., Professor of Theory and Practice of 
Medicine. 

Martin P. Scott, M. D., Professor of Chemistry and Pharmacy, 

Bev. R. Welford, M. D., Professor of Materia Medica and 
Therapeutics. 

E. Brown Seguard, M. D., Professor of the Institutes of Medi- 
cine and Medical Jurisprudence. 

A. E. Peticolas, M. D., Demonstrator of Anatomy, 



i til iiiiii iiiii if f iiiiij 

Corner of Marshall and College streets. 



» mtm < 



The College Infirmary is open for the reception of patients 
throughout the year. All persons requiring Surgical or Medi- 
cal aid (except the insane and those laboring under contagious 
diseases) are admitted into the Institution. The patients are 
under the charge of the Professors of the College, and the 
charges for Board, Medical attendance. Surgical operations, 
Nursing, Medicines and every service rendered by the Insti- 
tution, 

For White Patients, $6 per -vsreek. 
" Colored " 5 " 

Persons sending patients from a distance, will please give a 
city reference. 

Address any member of the Faculty, or 

N. TURNLEY, Steivard of Infirmary. 



GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 121 

ensued. Jamestown was burnt, and the colony given up to pil- 
lage. After several months' bloodshed and confusion, Bacon 
died suddenly, and for want of a leader his party dispersed. It 
was long, however, before prosperity revived in the colony. 
Soon after these events, Berkeley returned to England, and was 
succeeded by Lord Culpepper, who brought with him several 
bills drawn up by the ministry of England, to which he re- 
quired the assent of the legislature, on pain of being treated as 
rebels. The objects of these acts was the increase of his emol- 
uments. During the reigns of Charles IV and James, the col- 
ony suffered much, and rejoiced greatly in the change of gov- 
ernment that drove the Stuarts from the throne. The Kevolu- 
tion, indeed, brought to Virginia internal tranquillity, and a 
long succession of prosperous years. Nothing occurred to in- 
terrupt its growth in wealth and power. In 1*732, she gave 
birth to the most illustrious of her sons, the great statesman 
and warrior, who waa destined afterward to achieve and con- 
solidate the independence of all the colonies. During the war 
between France and England, prior to 1754, her local situation 
exempted her from hostilities. From 1754 to 1758, when the 
French began to put in operation their scheme to unite Canada 
and Louisiana, the frontiers of Virginia were harassed by 
incursions of French and Indian parties ; to repel which a regi- 
ment was raised, in which Washington first distinguished him- 
self On the conclusion of peace, when the British attempted 
to raise a revenue within the colonies, the statesmen of Vir- 
ginia were among the first to raise the voice of opposition. 
The eloquence and talents of her orators contributed greatly to 
excite public feeling on this occasion. The services and sufier- 
ings of Virginia in the war of the Kevolution were at least as 
great as those of any other State, and in Virginia the last im- 
portant measure of the war took place, in the surrender of 
Cornwallis. Since the peace of 1783, Virginia has retained an 
elevated rank in the family of States. Fruitful of illustrious 
men, that State has given seven Presidents to the Union. Du- 
ring the war of 1812, her citizens displayed great patriotism in 
opposing the common enemy, and her maritime frontier suf- 
fered severely from predatory incursions. Within the last few 
years the progress of the State in population and material 
greatness has been wonderfully rapid ; and her territory be- 

16 " 



122 



RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



LEWIS GINTER. 



JOHI)r F. ALVEY. 



'3 



GINTER & ALVEY, 

INTO. X6 :E':EiJ^:El.TL. S^Pft.£33S^, 

[S 3 (g S] 51] ® El © , 
HOSIERY, GLOVES, HANDKERCHIEFS, CBAWTS, EMBROIDERIES, 

Trimmings, Sewing Silk, [Buttons, Combs, Thread and Fancy Goods. 

P. HORTON KEACH, 
No. 91 Main Street, 

!3^ 2 <^ UQ: s:sa c^ j^:? s:m 9 

WHOLESALE A^D EETAIL 
Manufacturer and Dealer in 

LADIES' DRESS TRIMMINGS, 

Odd-Fellows' & Masonic 
mi ^:^ cm- ,£:i. i^ u. <£^ Q 

Banners, Flags, Jewels, &c. 
Also Dealer in Hosiery, Gloves, 
Yarn, Worsted, Fancy and Staple 
Goods. Every variety of Trimmings 
made to order. 

AGENT FOR HUNTS CELEBRATED SEWING MACHINE. 




JAMES J. BINFORD. 



JOHN D. BLAIR. 



WM. P. MAYO. 



BINFORD, MAYO & BLAIR, 

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALERS IN 



nxTo- 



CARPETING, &c. 

[^ D © [HI [^ © [Nl E) a 



GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 123 

yond fhe mountains — a wilderness to the last generation, has 
become equal to the old settlements in all that constitutes na- 
tional wealth. In 1850 the constitution of the State was ad- 
justed to its present condition and circumstances.* 

Succession of Governors. — Presidents of Council: Edward 
M. Wingfield, 1607 ; Jno. Radcliffe, 1607 ; Jno. Smith, 1607 ; 
George Percy, 1608 ; — Company's G-overnors : Lord de la War, 
1610; SirThos. Dale, 1611; Sir Thos. Gates, 1611; Sir Thos. 
Dale, 1614; Captain George Yeardly, 1616; Samuel Argal, 
1617 ; {to the year 1618, Sir Thomas Smith presided over the 
council and company in England, while the above-named actually 
governed in Virginia;) Sir George Yeardley, 1618; Sir Francis 
Wyatt, 1621 ; Sir George Yeardley (acting,) 1626 ; Sir George 
Yeardley, 1626; Francis West, 1627; John Pott, 1628; Sir 
John Harvey, 1629 ; John West, 1635 ; Sir John Harvey, 
1636; Sir Francis Wyatt, 1639; Sir William Berkeley, 1641 ; 
Richard Kempe, 1644 ; Sir William Berkeley, 1645 ; Richard 
Bennet, (elected), 1652; Edward Digges, 1655 ; Sam'l Mathews, 
1656 ; Sir Wm. Berkeley, 1659 ; Francis Morrison (appointed ;) 
Sir William Berkeley 1662 ; Herbert Jeffreys, (Lieuten't Gov.) 
1677; Sir Henry Chichely, (Dep. Gov.) 1678; Lord Culpepper, 
1680 ; Nicholas Spencer, (Pres. of Council,) 1680 ; Lord Howard, 
(Gov.) 1684 ; Nathaniel Bacon (Pres. Council,) 1688 ; Francis 
Nicholson (Lt. Gov.), 1690 ; Sir Edmund Andros (Gov.,) 1692 ; 
Francis Nicholson, 1698; Edward Nott, 1705; Edmund Jen- 
nings, 1706 ; Alexander Spotswood, 1710 ; Hugh Drysdale, 
1722; Robert Carter (Pres. of Council,) 1726; Wm. Gouch 
(Gov.,) 1727; Thomas Lee, (Pres. of Council,) 1749; Lewis 
Burwell, 1749 ; Robert Dinwiddie (Gov.,) 1752 ; Francis Fau- 
quier, 1758; John Blair (Pres. of Council,) 1767 ; Lord Bote- 
tourt (Gov.,) 1768 ; Wm. Nelson (Pres. of Council,) 1770; Lord 
Dunmore, 1772; Presidents of Convention (Provisional Gov.,) 

* If it be not beneath the dignity of history, it may be interesting to our readers to 
state how Virginia came to acquire the soubriquet of the " Old Dominion." After 
the death of Charles I, and the usurpation of Cromwell, the British colonies in 
America were required to swear allegiance to the Protector. But Virginia persisted 
in retaining her loyalty to the Old Dominion — that is, to the dynasty of the Stuarts, 
which was represented in the person of Charles II, who had taken refuge in Hol- 
land. After the death of Cromwell, Charles was recalled, and proclaimed King of 
England, Scotland, Ireland and Virginia, and ordered her arms to be quartered with 
those.of Great Britain as an independent member of the Empire. This was done 
in compliment to Virginia, who had invited him to reign over her, but the death of 
Cromwell restored him to the throne of his ancestors. We think that Virginia 
was fortunate ; for surely a more worthless tyrant never held the reins of empire. 



124 



RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



o Xj. €> "GP »E X r«r <3- 5 

KEEN, BALDWIN & CO. 

Manufacturers of and Dealers in 




102 CLOTHmG 102 



-iSit. iwj anai 

fli(g¥ illii 111 2®li 

Keep constantly on 
hand a full assort- 
ment of 

Dress Coats, 
Frock Coats, 
Over Coats, 
Cloth Cloaks, 
Cass. Pants, 
Silk Vests, 
Satin Vests, 
Velvet Vests, 
Marseilles Vests, 
Shirts and Collars, 
Cravats & Scarfs, 
Gloves & Hosiery, 
Buck Underwear, 
Silk 

Merino " 
Cotton " 
Rubber Goods, 
Umbrellas. 

And a full assort- 
ment of all other 
Goods usually kept 
in a Gentlemen's 




KEEN, BALDWIN <ScCo. 



Jfurnisljiitg $im 



All of which they 
pledge themselves 
to furnish those who 
favor them with a 
call, on as good 
terms as any other 
house in the Union. 




GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 



125 



Peyton Randolph, 1775, and Edmund Pendleton, 1775 ; — Con- 
stitutional Governors ; Patrick Henry, 1776 ; Thos. Jefferson, 
1779; Thomas Nelson, 1781 ; Benjamin Harrison, 1781; Pat- 
rick Henry, 1784 ; Edmund Randolph, 1786 ; Beverley Ran- 
dolph, 1788; Henry Lee, 1791 ; Robert Brooke, 1794; James 
Wood, 1796 ; James Monroe, 1799 ; John Page, 1802 ; Wil- 
liam H. Cabell, 1805 ; John Tyler, 1808 ; James Monroe, 1811 ; 
George W. Smith, 1811; James Barbour, 1812; Wilson C. 
Nicholas, 1814; James P. Preston, 1816 ; Thomas M. Randolph, 
1819 ; James Pleasants, 1822 ; John Tyler, 1825 ; William B. 
Giles, 1826 ; John Floyd, 1829 ; Littleton U. Tazewell, 1833 ; 
Windham Robertson (actiDg,) 1836; David Campbell, 1836; 
Thomas W. Gilmer, 1839; John Rutherford (acting,) 1841; 
John M. Gregory (acting,) 1842 ; James McDowell, 1842 ; 
William Smith, 1845 ; William Smith, 1847 ; John B. Floyd, 
1849 ; Joseph Johnson, 1852. 

Richmond, on the bank of James River, 130 miles above its 
entrance into Chesapeake Bay, is the political capital of the 
State. 



PROCEEDINGS OF THE 

VIRGINIA COMMERCIAL CONVENTION. 

Resources, Industry 
AND Improvements of 
Virginia — her Contest 
FOR THE Trade of the 
West, and Proposed 
Foreign Trade. — The 
eommittee appointed to 
report to the conven- 
tion the most efficient 
means of achieving its 
important objects, have performed that duty, so far as the ma- 
terials existed for a proper statistical exposition of the value of 
tlie trade of Virginia, as well as the facilities completed, or in 
progress, for its transportation to the exj^orting cities of the 
state. 

The commercial prosperity of Virginia is based upon the 




126 



RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



J. E. WADSWORTH. D. B. TURNER. G. S. PALMER. 

WADSWOETH, TURNER & CO. 

IMPORTERS AND WHOLESALE DEALERS IN 






SB n m MI® sj E) , 

Keep always on hand an Assortment of the very best 



Selected expressly for Retail. 

]^^ Their experience and advantages in business enaWe 
them to sell at the very lowest jn-ices for good articles. 



THOMAS U. DUDLEY. 



WM. F. JOHNSTON. 



Wholesale and Retail Dealers in 



rim <^. r 



.11 





No. 145 MAIN STRSST. 

smc:a53:ss2£2caDKsro:>9 

K.eep always oi\ liand a supply of Carpeliiigs, Rugs, Baizes, Irish Iilnen, Table 
Damasks, Huckabacks, Lincu Sliectiugs, Sic. 



"UMiLm a msi\?m 



S) 



I^ oixirteentli. Street, 

sag 52® El ID, 



GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 127 

employment of the Chesapeake ports ; and no project for ac- 
quiring the materials or the means of exportation, can be suc- 
cessful, which does not contemplate their employment. 

The country tributary to the Chesapeake, possesses advan- 
tages not surpassed by any other on the Atlantic. Nature has 
been so bounteous, that the difficulty has been, not so much to 
discover a good site for a city, but to discriminate between the 
numerous excellent locations presented. Norfolk, Kichmond, 
Petersburg, Fredericksburg, and Alexandria, have all been 
established to receive and conduct the trade of Virginia. 

From the individuality of these local interests, it has been 
heretofore impossible to adopt any system of improvement cal- 
culated to promote the exclusive advantage of any one of the 
cities referred to. Apprehensive that the limited trade legiti- 
mate to each might be diverted to some rival, impediments 
have been thrown in the way of great lines of communication 
with the interior of our own and other States, calculated per- 
haps, to vary the local direction of some particular trade, but 
destined, in the end, to compensate each of these cities, by its 
dividend of a trade far surpassing in magnitude and value 
any particular loss. The evils of rivalry will, however, be no 
longer felt, each of these cities having received a line of inter- 
nal communication^ many of which are now converging to a 
common point of union ; interests heretofore supposed antago- 
nistic are now harmonized in the completion of a plan common 
to them all, and weapons brightened by the conflict of a gener- 
ous rivalry are now wielded in the achievement of a common 
triumph. It is thus that the construction of the Southside rail 
road, and the James Kiver canal, makes the prosecution of the 
Virginia and Tennessee railroad alike imjjortant to Lynchburg 
— to whose public spirit is so largely due the conception and 
execution of that great project — to Kichmond and to Peters- 
burg. The extension of the great central-railroad to the Ohio, 
no longer a subject of exclusive interest to Kichmond, appeals 
to the support of Alexandria. The completion of the Dock 
connections will connect Norfolk with the James Kiver and 
Kanawha Canal, and interest that city in its extension to the 
Ohio. The Kichmond and Danville railroad is, upon the same 
principle, a work from which Petersburg and Kichmond may 
derive common benefits. 



128 



RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 




WM. H. CHRISTIAN. SAMUEL P. LATHROP. 

CHRISTIAN & LATHROP, 

Wholesale and Retail Dealers in 

No. 99 MAIN STREET, 

l^ D © [MI B^ © [MI © a 

JAMES G. BROOKS. WILLIAM BELL. R. P. WALLER. 

BROOKS, BELL & CO. 

IMPORTERS AND JOBBERS OF 



Ki^ 



» 



No. 17 PEARL STREET, 

Hi n (S HI MS ® sr IS) 



J. WILLINGHAM. 



A. L. ELLETT. 



J. T. PACE. 



WILLINGHAM, ELLETT & CO. 

l?®[Eiiai3El MM B®Mm']!m 
STAPLE AND FANCY 










3MO. XO E»ea.rl Stiree-t, 

[E a (g SI iill ® El 13 » 



GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 129 

Convinced, therefore, that their interest and duty alike de- 
mand a cordial alliance, the cities of Virginia will hereafter be- 
stow upon the extension of the great lines of improvement here 
indicated, their earnest and combined co-operation. 

Since, however, the partial completion of these great im- 
provements has already bestowed upon the cities of Virginia 
a large accumulation of trade, it becomes necessary to encour- 
age the establishment of a commercial marine, of sail-ships and 
steamers, to convey abroad our own trade, and exchange for it 
the productions of other nations. The export and import trade 
of Virginia is now taxed with transport coastwise for exporta- 
tion from northern cities : it is burthened with the charges of 
northern merchants ; whilst the whole commercial profits 
jesulting from freights, exchanges, as well as from the import- 
ation and supply of the goods received on exchange, result ex- 
clusively to northern capital and to northern enterprise. 

We state this fact in no spirit of sectional prejudice, but as 
a consequence of our>iOwn supineness. We think it time that a 
trade so circuitous, and a tribute so unworthy, should cease. 
We should export from and import into the Chesapeake cities of 
Virginia, by vessels owned and manned by Southern men. No 
State can expect to preserve its prosperity which does not pro- 
vide for its citizens the varied pursuits in which industry and 
enterprise shall receive an adequate reward. 

In estimating the present value of the Chesapeake trade, so 
far as materials are at hand for a correct estimate, we will find 
that the James River and Kanawha Canal, its principal tribu- 
tary, contributed during the last year $6,123,865 49, the pro- 
ducts of the interior ; whilst it carried into the interior, mer- 
chandise and other articles, valued at 1*7,727,224 29.* 

The business of the central railroad has doubled within the 
past year ; its downward tonnage amounting to 25,000 tons, 
and its upward transportation is perhaps one-half that amount. 
The Eichmond and Danville, the Richmond and Petersburg, 
and Richmond and Fredericksburg railroads, contribute consid- 
erable additions to the aggregate of trade upon the James River. 

Amongst other imjjortant items of an export trade, we may 
mention that the total inspections of Virginia tobacco amount 
to 50,000 hogsheads, of which the larger portion is shipped to 

*An. Report of J. R. and K. Co., Nov. 1850. 

17 ""^ 



130 



RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



COLEMAN WORTHAM, 



niu 



Seventh, betv^een Byrd & Arch streets, 



IB FAWBT 



NINETEENTH STREET, 

JAMES H. GRANT, 
ALEXANDER DUVAL, 

WHOLESALE AND EETAIL 



i) 



9 






PEYTON JOHNSTON. 




JOS. W. JOHNSTON. 



P. JOHNSTON & BROTHER, 

WHOSESALE AND RETAIL 









^-O. X13 3VtAT3?J- iS'm.JElJEin:^, 



DEALERS IN 



Paints, Oils, Glass, Dye-Stuffs, Segars, 

PERFCIHERT, FANCT ARTICLES, &c. 



GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 131 

Europe ; whilst the remainder, with a large amount not inspect- 
ed, is manufactured in the interior for consumption at home 
and abroad. 

The flouring mills in Kichmond manufactured, last year, 
1,723,100 bushels of wheat, and are expected this year to manu- 
facture 1,587,100 bushels. This flour is shipped to Rio, through 
northern houses, in vessels whose return cargoes consist chiefly 
of coffee. This coffee is, in turn sent back in Northern vessels 
to Virginia for consumption — the freights, commissions, and 
commercial profits of both the export and import trade, being 
a direct loss to the State of Virginia, to which this trade right- 
fully belonged. 

During the present year, however, some of the most enter- 
prising merchants of Richmond have shipped nine cargoes of 
flour, directly to Rio, the vessels to return to this port with 
hides, coffee, and other products of South America. We are 
moreover informed that a larger amount of goods will be im- 
ported this year to Richmond than has been imported in any 
one year for a series of years ; and that the direct import would 
have been far larger but for the want of ships in this trade, 
which compelled our merchants to ship through northern ports. 

During the year ending July 1st, 1851, the foreign trade of 
James River gave employment to a number of foreign and 
American vessels. From a statement furnished from the Cus- 
tom House, in Richmond, it will be seen that the tonnage em- 
ployed in the direct foreign trade between Europe and the wa- 
ters of the James River amounts to nearly 30,000 tons. This 
amount is itself amply sufficient to give employment to two 
steamers of 2,500 tons burthen. 

If it were in our power to present the commercial statistics 
of the cities of Norfolk, derived from the Roanoke River, the 
Dismal Swamp Canal, and other sources ; the rapidly increas- 
ing trade of Alexandria, derived from the Chesapeake and 
Ohio Canal, and from the country adjacent to her ; of Peters- 
burg and Fredericksburg ; we do not doubt but that an amount 
of Chesapeake trade could be demonstrated adequate to sustain 
at once, by the energetic and united patronage of our mer- 
chants, a direct trade with Europe and South America. The 
materials for this trade already exist. Any doubt, however, 
which may be entertained of the present amount of Virginia 



132 



RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



JOHN PURCELL. 



BENJ. F. LADD. 



JAS. P. PURCELL 



7 

DEALERS m 

Paints, Oils, Dyes, Window Glass, &c. 

No. 92 cor. Main and 14th streets, 

oa a (^ ocL sia cs> jkst ss* » 

CHARLES BENNETT. WM. S. BEERS 

BENNETT & BEERS, 

DEALERS IN 



iici 



MW 



9 



NTS, OILS, „,„...__, 

125 Main Street and No. 3 Pearl st. 



HFLzcii^sa: 



JO. 



|I3^ Orders from Physicians and Country Dealers promptly attended to. 



SAMUEL E. DOVE. 



ALEX. B. ARCHER. 



No. 83 MAIN STREET, 

IMPORTERS AND. DEALERS IN 

mUWn, PERFlJllEiiY, fm\ dOODS, TOBACCO, SEGARS, &c. 



'^T^ZXOX-iIESSl.^Si.XjiE: 



n-iEST-ia^iXj. 



Proprietors of the following Celebrated Medicines,— Ellcnborough's Turf Oil; 
Extract of Pareira Brava Buchu; Early Bird Vermifuge; Rheumatic Liniment; also 
of XX Bourbon, a delicious perfume, made for the Ladies of Virginia. 

|E^ Physicians' orders carefully attended to. 



GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 



133 



commerce becomes unimportant, in view of the immense acces- 
sions to follow the completion of the improvements referred to. 
Whilst we pause to make the figures, the fact is upon us. A 
succinct statement of the works of artificial improvement now 
in progress and actually completed will serve to embody the 
facilities upon which we may rely, and to develop the capacity 
of transportation upon which the future trade of Virginia must 
principally depend. We think, therefore, it sufficiently ap- 
pears that, looking alone at the present trade of our cities, we 
have ample encouragement to commence at once upon this un- 
dertaking, with the fair prospects of trade enough to insure 
handsome profits to capitalists who may embark therein. 

But when we glance upon the future trade which these cities 
must enjoy, we are still more encouraged. We will first inquire 
in regard to the number of miles of railroads and canals now 
constructed. Your committee have been furnished with the 
following very valuable statistics by the second auditor: 

Statement of the Railroads in Virginia^ Completed and in Progress. 

Length. Completed. 

Baltimore and Ohio Railroad 251 90 

Richmond and Danville Railroad 141 35 

Richmond and Petersburg Railroad 22 22 

Clover Hill Railroad 15 15 

Southside Railroad 122 10 

Manasses Gap Railroad 60.. — 

Petersburg and Roanoke Railroad 60 60 

Seaboard and Roanoke Railroad TT 77 

Appomattox Railroad .. 9 9 

Winchester and Potomac Railroad 32 32 

Virginia Central Railroad, including the Blue Ridge Railroad. 138 98 

"Virginia and Tennessee Railroad 208 10 

Orange & Alex'a RR. including branch to Warrenton, 10 mi's. 100 10 

Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac Railroad 76 76 

Greensville and Roanoke Railroad 21 21 

Northwestern Railroad 120 — 

Miles 1,455 565 

Chesapeake and Ohio Canal 185 185 

James River and Kanawha Canal — 200 

Dismal Swamp Canal — 23 

Fredericksburg Valley Plank Road 40 1 

Staunton to James River 40 — 

Boydton to Petersburg 75 — 

Junction Valley 65 — 

It thus appears that there are now completed in Virginia 565 
miles of railroad, and 418 miles of canals ; and that there are 



134 RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 

CARTER'S SPANISH MIXTURE. 

THE GREAT PURIFIER OP THE BLOOD! 

NOT A PARTICLE OF MERCURY IN IT. 
liET THE AFFLICTED READ AND PONDER! 

An Infallible Remedy for Scrofula, King^s Evil^ Rheuma- 
tism^ Obstinate Cutaneous Eruptions, Pimples or Pustules 
on the Face, Blotches, Boils^ Jlgue and Fever, Chronic 
Sore Eijes^ Ring Worm or Tetter^ Scald Head, Enlarge- 
ment and Pain of the Bones and Joints, Stubborn Ulcers, 
Syphilitic Disorders^ Lumbago, Spinal Complaints, and 
all Diseases arising from an Injudicious Use of Mercury, 
Imprudence in Life, or Impurity of the Blood. 

1^^ This great alterative medicine and Purifier of 
Blood is now used by thousands of grateful patients from 
all parts of the United States, who testify daily to the re- 
markable cures performed by the greatest of all medicines, 

" 0-A.H.T?ESH.'S» S:E»-A.3XriS3E3C IMCI^CTTJU.IE!;"'' 

Neuralgia, Rheumatism, Scrofula, Eruptions on the Skin, Liver 
Disease, Fevers, Ulcers, Old Sores, Affections of the Kidneys, 
Diseases of the Throat, Female complaints, Pains and Aching 
of the Bones and Joints, are speedily put to flight by using 
this great and inestimable remedy. 

For all diseases of the Blood, nothing has yet been found to 
compare with it. It cleanses the system from all impurities, 
acts gently and efficiently on the Liver and Kidneys, strength- 
ens the Digestion, gives tone to the Stomach, makes the Skin 
clear and healthy, and restores the Constitution, enfeebled by 
disease or broken down by the exceeses of youth, to its pristine 
vigor and strength. 

For the Ladies, it is incomparably better than all the cos- 
metics ever used. A few doses of CARTER'S SPANISH MIX- 
TURE will remove all sallowness of complexion, bring the roses 
mantling to the cheek, give elasticity to the step, and improve 
the general health in a remarkable degree, beyond all the medi- 
cines ever heard of. 

The large number of certificates which we have received from persons from all 
parts of the United States, is the best evidence that there is no Humbug about it. 
The press, hotel keepers, magistrates, physicians, and public men, well known to 
the community, all add their testimony to the wonderful effects of this GREAT 
BLOOD PURIFIER. 

Call on the AGENT and get a Circular and Almanac, and read the wonderful 
cures his truly greatest of all Medicines has performed. 

None genuine unless signed BENNETT & BEERS, Proprietors, No.. 3 Pearl street, 
Richmond, Va., lo whom all orders for supplies and agencies must be addressed. 

For sale by Druggists and Country Merchants every where. 



GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 135 

now in the course of construction 890 miles of railroad, and 
220 miles of plank roads. We have, then, the gratifying re- 
sult, that there are nearly 2,000 miles of rail-roads and canals 
constructed, or in progress of construction, in our State. The 
appropriations for these works are already made, and the mo- 
ney has heen almost entirely raised at home, without the neces- 
sity of incurring a foreign debt. The State of Pennsylvania, to 
make her improvements, has incurred a debt of near $40,000,- 
000, to pay the interest on which requires a semi-annual export 
of over a million of dollars, to be paid the foreign bondholders. 
On the other hand, our State debt is comparatively small, and 
owned chiefly at home by our citizens. 

But this view becomes still more encouraging, when we re- 
collect that these improvements will be finished at the farthest 
within the next four years. As each mile is finished, an in- 
crease will be given to the trade of our cities ; and when the 
Virginia and Tennessee Eailroad, the Richmond and Danville 
Railroad, and the Seaboard and Roanoke Railroad are fin- 
ished, they will be at once connected with a net-work of rail- 
roads through North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia, on 
the one hand — and Tennessee, Ohio, Kentucky, Alabama, Mis- 
sissippi and Louisiana on the other. It is certainly a source of 
pride to know that we have quietly effected so much. Specula- 
tion would be at fault in estimating the trade that must follow 
the completion of these works. The rapid increase of our 
cities will be one certain effect, while the appreciation of real 
estate, and the profits of every industrial pursuit, will be in- 
creased. At the same time the heart of the patriot will rejoice 
that this acquisition of strength, wealth, population and power 
must result in restoring the South to her former position in the 
Union, and may render that Union, as bequeathed us by our 
forefathers, more stable and firm — its obligations every where 
observed, and every where sustained and beloved for the bene- 
fits conferred upon its citizens. 

Georgia has now 1,000 miles of rail-road — South Carolina 
is extending her iron arms in every direction, and in two or 
three years every part of the State will be provided with rail- 
road facilities. North Carolina has giant schemes on foot, 
which she is prosecuting with a giant's strength. Tennessee will 
soon extend the Virginia railroad, and the railroad extending 



136 



RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



GEORGE J. SUMNER, 

IMPORTER AND DEALER IN 



iiii ill IMfi 






wESSBO BD!h 

X^ X C:? E3C 33^1 O TO- 3D . 

SOLE AGENT FOR THE SPi!l\GDALE STO\'E WARE FAIITORI. 

JAMES D. B. EVANS, 
No. 117 West Main Street, Richmond, 

IMi'OllTER AND DEALER IN 

BKiTAiilA WAKE, FLU30 & SSMK LAiTO, 

CHANBEIjISRS AMD GIRAMDOIiES, 

Mantle, Toilet aad Pier Looking Glasses, Looking: Glass Plates, &c. 

Particular attention paid to Packing. 

stone "Ware at Factory Prices. 

JOHN F. REGNAULT, 



AIN STRSET, 



HAS IN store: 



FRENCH AND AMERICAN PAPER HANGINGS, 

Borders, Views, Fire Screens, Curtain Paper, &c. Satin 
De Laines, Brocatelles, Lace Curtains, Gimps, Loops, 
Tassels, Cords, Cornice, Bands, Window Shades, &-c. 
Curled Hair, and Husk Mattrasses, Feather Beds, Loung- 
es, Ottomans, &c. Velvet, Tapestry, Brussells, Ingrain, 
Venetian and Common Carpetings, Floor Oil Cloths, Can- 
ton and Cocoa Mattings. 

Every description of Paper Hanging and Upholstery executed with neatness and 
dispatcii, in Town or Country. 



GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 137 

from Charleston and Savannah, to Chattanooga, to Memphis, on 
the Mississippi. Alabama, Mississippi and Louisiana are seek- 
ing connections with these roads, and soon we shall see the 
South more highly improved by railroad facilities than the 
North, owing to the level nature of the country and the cheap- 
ness of labor and materials in the South. Charleston alone is 
moving, with far-seeing sagacity for this increased trade. We 
feel pride and pleasure in her means, and we heartily hope she 
may prosper in her former enterprise to establish direct trade 
by means of ships and steamers, owned by Southerners. We 
believe there is space enough, and a back country sufficiently 
ample, if we are true to ourselves, to secure the prosperity of 
all our Southern towns ; and their prosperity, so far from caus- 
ing us to fall, will but add to our own prosperity. But how 
can the people of Virginia hope to contend with Charleston in 
the generous competition for this trade, unless equal facilities 
are provided in our harbors for shipping directly to Europe ? 
If we pause in the contest, the trade will have been fixed in the 
direction of Charleston, and we may strive in vain to regain 
what is strictly our own. 

To illustrate the advantages to be anticipated, we may refer 
to the enlightened and enterprising commonwealth of Massa- 
chusetts. The large expenditures made for the construction of 
railroads, and the results of that system, have there vindicated 
the wisdom which dictated it. 

In that State the length of railroads in 1840 was 433 miles ; 
it is now 1,033. The value of property in the several coun- 
ties of the State has increased from $299,878,329 in 1840, to 
$590,531,881 in 1850 — an increase in the value of property 
during ten years, of $290,653^552, or about one hundred per 
cent. 

In Boston, which is the centre of the whole system of Mas- 
sachusetts railroads, the following result is obtained : 

Population. Wealth. 

1840 171,992 $120, 114,574 

1850 269,874 266,646,844 

Showing an increase of 60 per cent, in population, and 140 
in wealth. 

Looking at the commercial returns of our own ports, the sea- 
ports of Virginia do not appear to have increased with that ra- 

18 



138 



RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



CHARLES STEBBINS. 



BENJAMIN K. PULLEN. 



STEBBINS & PULLEN, 

IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN 

EARTHENWARE, CHINA AND GLASS, 

Pier, Mantle and Toilet Looking Glasses, Britannia and Plated 
Ware, Gas Fixtures, Lamps, Casters, Table Cutlery, &c. 




IRON FRONT BUILDING, 

No. 101 Broad Street, Corner of 9th Street, 

Particular attention paid to Packing. 



eBNmiTT & J.&ICBS 



¥Af ■ m 




m am 

14 Main Street; Bagle Square, 

Have on hand a large assortment of all articles embraced in our 




OF SUPERIOR MANUFACTURE, 



SILVER TEA SETS, in whole Sets, or single Piec.s, 
Silver Pitchers, Goblets, Cups, Spoons and Forks, 
Soup Ladles, Butter Knives, Dessert Knives, Fish 
and Pastry Knives, Plated Forks, Spoons, &c. 
WATCHES repaired by experienced workmen. 
Old Gold and Silver exchanged for new. 



GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 139 

pidity which the general prosperity of the State would indi- 
cate : indeed, our direct imports appear to have diminished. 
These unfavorable indications are, however, contradicted by 
the positive gain in the assessed value of real estate, and by 
the increased value of subjects of taxation within the State. 
The stagnation of our commerce is to be attributed to physical 
obstacles which seiDarate the productive interior from our sea- 
board, whilst the enterprise of other States and cities has ac- 
tually constructed improvements for the mere factorage of our 
produce, which we would not undertake for the positive in- 
crease of the fee simple value of the property, and the exclu- 
sive commerce of its enhanced products. 

It is thus that towns in Western Virginia have sprung uji, 
manufactures have been established, minerals have been made 
available, agricultural produce has been created, all of which 
seeks a market in the cities of Cincinnati, New Orleans, Phila- 
delphia and Baltimore ; whilst even Savannah, in Georgia, has 
participated in those productions of Virginia, which could not 
have paid the cost of exportation eastward to the Chesapeake 
cities of Virginia. The cities enumerated have supplied the 
Valley and Western Virginia with merchandise in exchange for 
its productions. The commerce of Virginia, like some foun- 
tains choked up and neglected, cheers with its shattered stream- 
let every region except that to which its free and fertilizing 
current would naturally and gladly have directed itself. 

We cannot make this valuable, though dispersed trade, the 
subject of exact estimate. It is reflected in the increased pop- 
ulation and taxable resources of the State, so lately the sub- 
ject of elaborate exposition in the constitutional convention. 

We select, however, for illustration of its value, and of the 
obstacles which impede its exportation, the trade on the Mo- 
nongahela. This river has been improved by lock and dam, so 
that steamers can ascend probably within the limits of Virgin- 
ia. Its trade will compare favorably with that of many rivers 
in Eastern Virginia ; yet the natural line of exportation of its 
products, is by the Ohio and Mississippi rivers, the Gulf of 
Mexico, and coast of the Atlantic, to the markets of the East, 
or to Europe. The aggregate line of water transportation 
from Clarksburg, in Harrison county, to New York, is not less 
than 4,000 miles. The time employed is not less than 90 days ; 



140 



RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



FOURTEEMXe STREET, 
(OPPOSITE THE EXCHANGE HOTEL,) 

IE © [Kl [Ml © Ir^ 0) 3 

Keeps constantly on liand a desirable assortment of Cloths, 
Cassimbres, Vestings, Stocks, Handkerchiefs, Gloves, Suspenders, 
Scarfs, Umbrellas, &c. 



AHiiiAai an 



JSk- T'OhJ -SLB 



MEKCHANT TAILOE, 

isro- ISO, 

Corner of Main and 13th Streets, 



Ii€]S 



O 3?a" 3E3 3E=» H. X <0 3E3 O KT Ij T?" 



D. H. SMITH. 



W. H. MADDUX. 



SMITH & MADDUX, 

i\o. 5 Se^CMOE PEACE, 

EAST OF SHOCKOE WAREHOUSE, 

[^ a © [H] [Ml© IN] P a 



(LATE SMITH & MARVIN,) 



No. 114 MAIN STREET, 



9 



123. a (^ IM2. TSiO. CS> S^J SS> o 



GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 141 

yet the direct line of transit to the Chesapeake, would not ex- 
ceed 400 miles, whilst the time in reaching market might be 
reduced to a few days. Baltimore is providing a means of di- 
rect transit to accommodate this region of country, much of 
which has heretofore traded with Philadelphia; but after Bal- 
timore shall have loaded her vessels with this product of Vir- 
ginia, and supplied in return the merchandise for its consump- 
tion, she will be compelled to send it within the territory of 
Virginia for exportation to the outlet of the Chesapeake. 

A similar difference between the natural and artificial com- 
munication of that part of Western Virginia bordering on the 
Ohio river, and of the valley of the Kanawha with the Atlantic 
cities, will be found to exist, whilst a small portion of south- 
western Virginia sends produce to Alabama and Georgia, pur- 
chases groceries in New Orleans, and imports its merchandise 
through Charleston, South Carolina. Let it be remembered 
that this is a trade to be developed. The land is not a wilder- 
ness, requiring the life and labor of generations to reduce it to 
efficient production. The trade already exists ; it has grown 
up under obstacles. It has been driven from its natural outlets, 
to enrich a distant and foreign interest in other States. But 
the fact of its development under such disadvantages, proves 
that it may readily be secured, whilst the anxious interest of 
the whole West proves the alacrity with which it would co- 
operate in the regeneration of the commercial interest of the 
Virginia cities. 

There may be persons, however, incredulous that the trade of 
Virginia, now exported from northern, western and southern 
cities, can be directed to the ports of the Chesapeake. It will 
not be doubted that the greater portion of the products of the 
valley and western Virginia are destined for consumption in the 
northern States or in Europe. These products would adopt 
the most direct line of transit between production and consump- 
tion, but for the natural obstacles which intervene and condemn 
them to the tedious, tortuous and perilous navigation of the 
rivers and coast. The direct line of transit would pass through 
the Chesapeake ports of Eastern Virginia. 

So long as the route of the water-borne produce of Western 
Virginia was cheaper than any artificial line of direct transit, 
any attempt to divert that trade might have been hopeless. 



142 



RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



;D;3ii2tis;^s qi? 



o 







FOREIGN & DOMESTIC,DRY GOODS 

& M ANUFACTURJERS OF 

LADI ES CLOAKS MANTILLAS 'AC 

1 N9 115 BROAD ST 

"^s. RICHMOND, VA. / 

^C . HAKTWEI,!. . JOHN O.CHILEs/^ 



® 



J. W. WATSON, 

ONE OF THE OLDEST AND MOST SUCCESSFUL 

IN THIS COUNTRY, 

Takes pleasure in calling the attention of the Public to his 
Large and extensive 

DAGUERUEIAN GALLERY, 



MAMMOTH SKY-LIGHT. 

With this advantage and the best assistants, besides his personal attention at all 
times, he flatters himself that he is prepared to execute Pictures in a manner that 
cannot be surpassed in the United States. 

GOLD LOCKETS, PINS, FANCY FRAMES, CASES, &c., always on hand, 
in which he will place pictures on very moderate terms. Persons are respectfully 
invited to call and examine a fine collection of specimens, whether they may wish 
pictures or not. 

J. W. TVATSON, 

First door above Mitchel & Tyler's Jewelry Store. 



GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 143 

The opinion that no railroad could succeed, unless it connected 
populous points by a short line, has been reversed by experience. 
Considering the railroad and locomotive almost as a revelation 
for the South, we may be pardoned for referring to the causes 
which are now producing through their agency such important 
social, commercial, and political results. Time has become an 
essential element in the value of merchandise and staple pro- 
ductions. No producing region, and no mercantile community 
can adopt a slow and circuitous delivery in competition with 
others producing or vending the same articles with greater fa- 
cilities of transportation than themselves. Travel and postal 
communication now tolerate no delay or impediment. It is im- 
possible to present any formula to show how far shortening the 
time of transit is equivalent to a positive reduction of freight. 
The telegraphic and express lines, every where well sustained, 
prove the estimated value of time to be very great ; though it 
varies of course, with the fear of competition, with the value of 
the commercial subjects, and with the relative importance of in- 
dividual transactions. But we see from the opening of the ar- 
tificial lines of Boston, New York and Philadelphia, that the 
commercial patronage of the interior is immediately transferred 
to the most rapid and direct lines of outlet and intercommuni- 
cation. It is thus that the great cities of the North have sev- 
erally penetrated the interior with artificial lines, until they 
have taken from the open and untaxed current of the Missis- 
sippi the commerce produced upon its borders. These great 
artificial outlets have been competing among themselves for the 
commerce of the interior, until they now offer not only supe- 
rior certainty, and reduced time of delivery, but they off'er upon 
many articles cheaper freights than the river and coast routes 
referred to. We copy from the New Orleans Crescent a notice 
of the reversing of the natural current of trade, resulting from 
the construction of the great artificial lines referred to : 

" For years past cotton has gone up the Ohio River from Ten- 
nessee, through the Pennsylvania and New York canals, to all 
the factories in the interior of these States, and often the cities 
of Philadelphia and New York. We recollect, last September, 
of one shipment of upwards of seven hundred bales, shipped 
from Louisville, via the Ohio and New York canals, to New 
York city. The freights were less than by the way of New Or- 



144 



RICHMOND BUSINKSS DIRECTORY. 




OPPOSITE CAPITOL SQUARE, 



J. 



(FORMERLY AT JONES'S HOTEL, PHILADELPHIA,) 

PHOPRIBTOR. 



> ^ ^ ^ < 



This Hotel is the best located in Richmond^ being on 
Main street^ near the Banks, opposite Capitol Square, and 
commanding a fine view of the city. 

Thankful for past favors, the proprietor respectfully asks 
a continuation of public patronage — assuring his friends 
that no exertions shall be spared to conduce to their com- 
f:;rt while at the 



9) 

And to make it all that a First Class Hotel should be. 

BOARD, PER DAY, $2.00. 



GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 145 

leans, and the diiFerence in exchange and insurance was near 
two per cent, in favor of the northern route. 

" The amount of cotton that passed up the Ohio last year is 
estimated, by one familiar with the trade, at sixty thousand 
bales. This season, nearly all the boats from the Tennessee and 
Cumberland rivers, bound up the Ohio Kiver, are freighted 
more or less with cotton. The packets between Memphis and 
Louisville and Cincinnati^ of which there are several lines, take 
cotton up the rivers nearly every trip. 

'' The quantity of tobacco that takes its course up the River 
from the lower Ohio, for the Eastern markets by northern 
routes, is rapidly increasing. That raised in Ohio and Ken- 
tucky, above Cincinnati — and among the latter, the celebrated 
Mason county tobacco — nearly all goes by the way of the canals 
to the Eastern markets. By a statement recently published, 
the diiference in the cost of transportation from Louisville to 
New York is four to five dollars per hogshead in favor of the 
northern route, while the article escapes the sweat which it un- 
dergoes on shipboard while passing through our latitudes. 

" Grain is now carried from the Wabash to New York by the 
canals, at the same cost of freight as is charged by the way of 
New Orleans ; but by the northern route they incur no waste, 
no risk of damage by heating, and save the whole cost of sack- 
ing, for it is carried in the bulk, and the same number of meas- 
ured bushels are delivered in New York as are received on board 
the canal boat from the shipper. The lard, pork and flour from 
the same region are taking the same direction. Last autumn 
the rich regions of Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois were flooded with 
the local bank-notes of the eastern States advanced by the New 
York houses on produce to be shipped by them by the way of 
the canals in the spring. 

" These moneyed facilities enable the packer, miller and spec- 
ulator to hold on to their produce, with the opening of naviga- 
tion in the spring ; and they are no longer obliged as formerly 
to hurry off their shipments during the winter by the way of 
New Orleans, in order to realize funds by drafts on their ship- 
ments. The banking facilities at the East are doing as much 
to draw trade from us as the canals and railways which eastern 
capital is constructing. 

" All the lead from the upper Mississippi now goes East by 

19 "~ 



146 



PORTSMOUTH BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 




RAIL ROAD CAR WORKS, 
i^ortrrsivtoxTTia:. 



fmimz Fiisii§is 



.i^]Nrx> 



EXPRESS CARS, 

'giirkotj Oralis ILiMimalboir & Msiinidl (Dsii^^^ 
Manufactured at this Establishment, 

Of the best material, and in the most approved manner, with 
either Plate or Spoke Wheels and Axles, of Salisbury or other 
Iron. 

TRUCKS FITTED UP, 



OR 



am m wheels separaieli 

Will be furnished at the shortest notice and shipped to 
any part of the United States. 

Having extensive arrangements and superior facilities for 

Manufacturing at this establishment, orders will be received 

and Contracts made for Equipping Entire Eoads at short 

notice. 

JOHN A. GREEN, Proprietor. 



GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 147 

the way of Milwaukie. But the most recent and astonishing 
change in the course of the northwestern trade, is to behokl, as 
a friend tells us, the number of steamers that now descend the 
Upper Mississippi, loaded to the guards with produce, as far as 
the mouth of the Illinois River, and then turn up that stream 
with their cargoes to he shipped to New York via Chicago. 

" The Illinois canal has not only swei)t the whole produce 
along the line of the Illinois River to the East, but it is draw- 
ing the products from the upper Mississippi through the same 
channel ; thus depriving not only New Orleans, but St. Louis, 
of a rich portion of their former trade." 

To this we may add the fact, that cargoes of corn have been 
recently shipped from Iowa, down the Mississippi, along the 
Illinois canal, by way of the lakes, to the city of New York. 

The cause of this astonishing result may be thus explained. 

Artificial lines afford not only the most speedy means of 
transportation, but the unity and system of their administra- 
tion gives them great advantage over the efforts of individual 
enterprise. They have a basis of travel and mail monopoly, 
which enables them to discriminate in favor of any specific 
article of commerce, the factorage and financial results of 
which may be sufficient to generally indemnify them for the 
abatement of freight, whilst the revenue of the improvement 
is sustained by an increased charge upon business not subject to 
competition, or by the large amount of trade which they com- 
mand. These exclusive resources, rapidity, certainty and safety 
of transportation, with the power of discrimination, has ena- 
bled, these great lines to wrest from the Mississippi so much of 
its produce. 

To establish the capacity of artificial to compete with natu- 
ral lines, we publish the following tabular statement, showing 
the contest between New York and New Orleans for the trade 
of the Mississippi : 

New York and New Orleans in Western Trade. 

Population. Coal Trade. 

1640 - 2,429,721 66,303,892 

1850 3,093,813 156,397,929 

An increase of 25 per cent, in population, and 150 per cent, 
in trade, by canals, in ten years. 

Prodxice of West received hy New York Canals. 

1842 $22,751,013 

1850 55,474,937 

An increase of 145 per cent. 



148 PORTSMOUTH BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 

Virginia Male and Female 

ISlLiiiaTi PITITUTi 



This Institution is now in successful operation under the 
supervision of 



The course of studies is extensive, thorough andpradical, espe- 
cial attention being given to MATHEMATICS and the NAT- 
URAL SCIENCES, while the Ancient and Modern Languages 
are by no means neglected. Students are prepared for any Col- 
lege, or any class in College, or may here complete an entire 
collegiate course. 

Seven eminent teachers devote their time to the management 
and instruction of the School, and occasional assistance is ob- 
tained from others. The Institution has the advantage of a 
commodious building, extensive Philosophical and Chemical 
Apparatus, Library, the most approved Boston School-room fur- 
niture, Cabinets of Minerals and Geological Specimens, Maps, 
Diagrams, &c. 

In the Female Department of the Institute, young Ladies 
have unsurpassed facilities for obtaining a useful education. 
Scientific subjects taught principally by Lectures. 

Are attended to by such as choose to join the Corps. Arms are 
supplied by the State. 

J^®"' For further information apply to the President. As the 
number of students is limited^ persons in the country should 
ascertain by letter if there is any vacancy, before leaving their 
homes. K B. WEBSTER, President. 



GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 149 

Produce of West received at New Orleans. 

1842 $43,716,045 

1850 96,897,873 

Or an increase of 120 per cent.; or a comparative increase by 
New York, of 25 per cent, over New Orleans in Western pro- 
duce in five years 1 In the three years, 1848, 1849 and 1850, 
the receipts at New Orleans by river were 2,312,121 bbls. flour; 
at New York, 8,636,207 bbls. Pork :— New Orleans, 1,536,817; 
New York, 211,018 bbls. Beef :— 200,901 bbls. New Orleans ; 
New York, 264,072 bbls. Wheat :— New Orleans, 852,497 
bushels; New York, 8,798,759. Corn:— New Orleans, 9,758,- 
750 bushels; New York, 11,178,228 bushels. Bacon :— New 
Orleans, 135 millions pounds ; New York, 26 millions. Lard : — 
New Orleans, 293 millions pounds ; New York, 21 millions. 
Butter: — New Orleans, eight millions pounds; New York, 97 
millions, &c. 

We have adverted to these well-established facts, and ex- 
plained the rationale of their operations to show that the trade 
of northern cities is derived by artificial ways from the great 
producing valley of the West. If this be the case — if produc- 
tions prefer the lakes, railways and the canals of the North to 
the river and gulf outlet — why should not the products of 
Western Virginia, which almost circumnavigate their own 
State, which pursue a distant, indirect and unsafe line of tran- 
sit, replete with every danger of river, cape and coast, prefer 
the direct communications through Virginia, and the more con- 
genial destiny of encouraging our own ports ? There is no 
reason. Their anxiety to complete these artificial outlets 
proves its practicability. All the vast aggregate of trade, now 
existing in Western Virginia, deBtined for Atlantic exporta- 
tion, may be safely added to that which we have already de- 
monstrated as subject to be employed in this great enterprise. 
We may safely say, that if all the existing commerce of Vir- 
ginia, for exportation, could be collected in her own Atlantic 
ports, it would not fall short of twenty millions of dollars, nor 
would her consumption of merchandise be less. Besides this, 
the very organization of commercial facilities would guarantee 
an immense accession of mineral and agricultural productions. 

In this connection, we must press upon all interested the in- 
dispensable importance of providing for the improvement of 
the James River, the common outlet of much of the Chesa- 



150 



NORFOLK BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



NOAH WALKER & CO. 



WHOLESALE AND RETAIL 



©MlTKia'KKg Mm[l[Kl®[iO 



'9 



Corner of Main and Talbot Streets, 

N. B. The largest and best assortment of CLOTHING in the 
City, always on hand, which will be sold low for Cash. 



mii 



mmmm 



€) 




LEWIS SALISBURY, 

Nos. 58&60 MAIN STREET, 

ss* C3D 02. is^ cs:> i^ 5:^« 

The attention of purchasers is invited to his Stock of Furni- 
ture, which he is selling lower than any other house in the 
South. 



Every attention paid to this branch of our business, being 
constantly supplied with COFFINS of every description, Me- 
tallic, Mahogany, and other kinds. 



GEORGE W. FARANT & CO. 



J, 



No. 30 MAIN STREET, 

. MECHANICS' HALL, 

]>J' O Zl. X^ O Xi IS.. 



GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 151 



peake trade. Its obstructions affect the trade of Norfolk, Eicli- 
mond, Lynchburg and Kanawha; and each of them is alike 
interested in securing the perfect navigation of this noble 
stream. Your committee have not chosen to awaken contro- 
versy by designating any particular mode by which this shall 
be done ; they are aware that if the interests now appealed to, 
shall be convinced of its paramount importance, the means 
will be readily devised for its accomplishment. The able and 
comprehensive report of Lieutenant Stansbury will prove the 
entire practicability of this work, and the moderate means to 
be employed in its completion. 

We may properly add to these resources, which are directly 
derived from Virginia alone, the products of the States con- 
nected with her, by the lines of improvement now under con- 
struction. Tennessee, and Kentucky, and North Carolina, will 
naturally find their most direct outlet through the Virginia 
and Tennessee, the Southside and Seaboard rail-roads, now un- 
der continuous and connected construction to the interior of the 
State referred to. The prosecution of the Canal or Central 
railroads, or the construction of a branch road into the Ohio 
Valley, will add much from those quarters; and but a few 
years will elapse before the perfected facilities will bring this 
great commerce to the legitimate ports of exportation. We will 
not enlarge upon the commercial results of extending these 
lines into the interior of the southwestern States, and the na- 
tional and international intercourse which will pour through 
Virginia, invigorating her local improvements, freighting her 
vessels, and filling her ocean steamers. It will be plain, upon 
investigation, that no cities South of Virginia have the com- 
mercial advantages of her own — none have the varied products 
the local patronage, the rapid communication with transatlantic 
cities. Enterprise is now doing all it can to shorten the line of 
ocean transit. In this the cities of Virginia cannot compete 
with Boston or New York for the transatlantic intercourse of 
the northwestern States ; but the mail and merchandise trans- 
portation, with the travel between the great southwest and the 
cities of Europe, belong legitimately to the Virginia ports of 
the Chesapeake, and will be certainly secured. 

In embarking in this contest her citizens and commercial 
cities have a high duty to perform; they must shake them- 



152 



NORFOLK BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



% JOHN T. TOMPKINS, 



s 



-r^Sk. r«ftJ OBTB* 

XJr^X>E3:FL'T'^^:EiL3E5I=L, 

€HURCH STREET, IVORFOEK, 

Always on hand Mahogany, Walnut, Metallic and Stained 

Wood Coffins, &c. 

Orders from the Country promptly attended to. 

MILES P. BUTCHER, 

SUCCESSOR TO ROBERT DALRYMPLE, 

Keeps on hand and executes to order every de~ 
scription of 

Monuments, 

Tomb Stones, 

Grave Stones, &c. 

Of every description executed to order. 
East of Old Custom House, 
iril^E l\*JlTEn STREET, JVORFOEK, 





Made to order, Stocked, Repaired, or altered to Percussion. 
BELLS put up; LOCKS repaired; KEYS fitted; BRANDS 
and PUNCHES cut ; CANES and UMBRELLAS repaired, and 
all kinds of light Jobbing attended to by faithful and experi- 
enced workmen. 



GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 153 

selves of every sin of selfishness or of jsaloiisy. Thev must co- 
operate with a rivalry of devotion to the common cause. There 
should be no greater jealousy between Richmond and Norfolk 
than between Philadelphia and New York — yet, though sepa- 
rated from each other by a greater distance, the joint popula- 
tion of the two former cities is scarcely equal to a suburb of 
either of the two latter. There can be no incompatibility of 
interest in the harmony of these and other Virginia cities. 
Let them unite their patronage upon the great designs of in- 
ternal improvement, and upon the organization of a foreign 
commerce, and their destinies are established. 

Yet the competition will be intense. It will require energy, 
union and perseverance. The North has enterprise, ca})ital, 
experience ; the South possesses the world staples df cotton, 
sugar, tobacco, with an immense mercantile consumption. The 
prize is worthy the efforts of the most gifted intellect, or the 
most matured experience. It is a strife to be fought with wea- 
pons congenial to the enlightened humanity of the present age. 
It is a contest fraught with consequences scarce inferior to those 
which hung upon our first great struggle. Virginia has the 
deepest veneration for the Union, a cordial admiration of those 
sister States with whom she contends for her heritage ; but she 
cannot break the bread of dependence, or sink into the position 
of an inferior to those who w^ere her equals. 

If the commerce to which we have adverted be not utterly 
fabulous — if its capacities be not perverted by a mere intro- 
duction into our own cities — if the sons and brothers of those 
who subjected a wilderness to civilization, and gave an empire 
to freedom, Avho, braving a deadly climate and a desperate strife, 
planted the flag of Yorktown upon the Sierras of Mexico, be 
not utterly recreant to the instincts of their race, then must the 
glorious and peaceful triumph of commercial independence re- 
ward their patriotism and enterprise. The rewards of industry 
and of enterprise will be reserved to our own citizens, and the 
shameful tribute be abolished forever. 

The committee respectfully recommends the adoption of the 
following resolutions : 

Resolved, As the opinion of this committee, that lines of 
mail or other steamers, or other vessels, from Hampton Roads 
to some port or ports of Europe, ought to be established ; and 

20 



154 



NORFOLK BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



O-RIFFIN BASHES' 

Nog. 132 and 37, 

CORNER OF 

Church and Union Sts. 




WOODTURNINGINALLITS BRANCHES 

TEBS AND BUILDERS 

From the Country and neighboring Towns will find it to their interest to call before 
purchasing elsewhere, as all orders received by me will be 

PBOllPTlY ATTENDED TO AND MEATLY EXECUTED. 

JOHN D. COUPEK, 

CORNER OF 

/^am^ MAIN AND GRANBY STS. 

OPPOSITE NEW CUSTOM HOUSE, 

HP [If 




Til 




FOE VAKIOUS PUEPOSES, 

Executed wifh faithfulness, and on acccmmodating terms. 

ALWAYS ON HAND AND MADE TO ORDEK. 

Orders from the Country promptly attended to. 



G. F. ANDERSON. 



W. D. REYNOLDS. 



ANDERSON & REYNOLDS, 



AND 



No. 10 ROANOKE SQUARE, 



Special attention given to the sale of Flour, Grain and all other kinds of produce. 



AB GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 155 

Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee,. Kentucky, and such other 
States as are disi^osecl to aid in the enterprise, shoiikl be ap- 
pealed to ; and an appeal should also be made to Congress to 
bestow upon such line the same mail facilities which are ex- 
tended to tlie northern lines ; and the bars which now obstruct 
the navigation of James River should be removed. 

Besolved, That committees be appointed to memorialize Con- 
gress and the Legislature of Virginia, and to prepare an ad- 
dress to the public, upon the subject aforesaid, and the great 
importance to the people of Virginia, and the South generally, 
that they should conduct their own trade directly on their own 
bottoms, and Avith their own men and means. 

Resolved, that lines of jjacket-ships, screw-propellors, or mail 
steamers, ought to be established between the exporting cities 
of Virginia, and the West Indies and South America. 

Resolved, also, That the people of Virginia be requested to 
hold meetings in their several counties, cities and towns, to 
effect the object of the foregoing resolution ; and that to tliis end 
it be recommended to them to adopt some organization by the 
appointment of standing and corresponding committees, or oth- 
erwise as to them shall seem best. 

Resolved, That the merchants of our Atlantic cities ought to 
import directly to our Virginia ports the productions of foreign 
countries used and consumed in this and the adjoining States ; 
and that it be recommended to the merchants of the interior, 
and the people at large, to aid them in this noble enterprise. 



a-A^ZETTEEIl. 



Abb's Valley, a post-office of Tazewell county, Virginia. 

Abingdon, a handsome town, capitol of Washington county, 
Virginia, is pleasantly situated in a valley between the main 
forks of Holston river, about 7 miles from each, 304 miles W. 
by S. from Richmond, and nearly 8 miles from the boundary of 
Tennessee. It is the most considerable and flourishing town in 
the S. W. part of Virginia. The situation is elevated, the 
town is well built, and the princiiml street is macadamized. It 
contains 6 churches, 2 academies, 2 ju-inting offices, and manu- 



156 



NORFOLK BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



S^^^^!f^ 



.Jirx«^«v£^^^J^5mS«^&S3yH* 



§T?®W1§ 

HOT-AIR Furnaces, 

Of all kinds, for all purposes. 




GUTTERS &. PIPES 

FOR Bl'ILDINGS. 

Block Tin, Tin Plate, Sheet 
Copper, Bar and Sheet Lead, 
Sheet Iron, &c. 

AND LA.MPS FOR USING IT. 

In store a hxrge and varied 
assortment of all kinds of Cop- 
per and Tin Wares, at whole- 
sale and retail, lower than 
any other estahlishment in Va. 
Copper Work for Steamers, 
Mills, Distilleries, &c., &c., ex- 
ecuted in the best manner, 
with due regard to the steam 
pressure. 

Shower Baths and Bathing Apparatus, of all the Newest and most ap- 
proved Patterns. 



Commerce Street, near Main, Norfolk, 

FRESH PICKLiED AND SPICED OYSTERS, 

Of the best quality, put up to order at the shortest notice. 

MRS. FRANCES HARMANSON, 

Late Mrs. WILSON. 

d, per Week, .... $5 00 Dinner, 50 

Day, . . . . 1 00 Supper, 25 

2.") Lodging 25 



STOVE FACTORY, 
ROANOKE SftU ARE. 

norfolk:va. 



Boa 
Brea 



kfast, 






b 



TV! 



IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN 

FINE LEVEH WATCHES, 
SHIP CHRONOMETERS, 

[D)fl^^©5^Da An^ ©OLE) J][EW[1L[^Y, 

SILVER AND PLATED WARE, FANCY GOODS, &c. 



AD 



GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 



157 



factories of leather, saddles and harness. Abingdon is on the 
route of the great railroad which is in progress of construc- 
tion between Lynchburg on one hand, and Knoxville, Tennes- 
see, on the other, which, when finished, will form jiart of the 
most direct route from New York to New Orleans. Population 
about 1,800. 

Academy, a post-office of Pocahontas county, Virginia. 
Accomack, a county in the E. part of Virginia, bordering on 
Maryland, has an area of about 480 sqliare miles. It forms 
part of a peninsula which is washed by Chesapeake bay on the 
W., and by the Atlantic on the E. The county is about 48 
miles long, and 10 miles wide. It comprises numerous low, 
sandy islands extending along the seacoast, one of which is 8 
miles in length. The county was formed from Northampton in 
1672, and the name was derived from a trilie of Indians who 
once frequented this region. The surface is level, the soil light 
and moderately fertile. Wheat, Indian corn, and oats are the 
staples. Capital, Accomack Court-House, or Drummond Town. 
Population 18,790, of whom 12,t)03 are free, and 4,987 slaves- 
Accomack Court-House, (DrUxMmond Town,) a small post- vil- 
lage, situated nearly in the centre of the above county, of 
which it is the capital, 193 miles E. by N. from Richmond. 
Population about 500. 

AcQUiNTON, a post-office of King William county, Virginia. 
Adaline, a post-office of Marshall county, Virginia. 

Albemarle, a county in the E. 
central part of Virginia, has an 
area of about 700 square miles. 
The James River forms its south- 
ern boundary, and it is drained 
by the Rivanna and Hardware 
rivers, affluents of the James 
river, which rise by several small 
branches in the W. jmrt of the 
country. The Blue Ridge forms 
its N. W. boundary, and a ridge 
called South-west Mountain, or 
Carter's Mountain, extends across 
the county in a N. E. and S. W. direction. The surface 
is beautifully diversified, and the scenery in all parts of the 




THOMAS J E F F E E S N, 
Born April 2(1, 1743. 



158 



NORFOLK BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



SAMJJEL R. BROWN, 



WILLIAM McCLEAN. 





BUOWN & McCLEAN, 



1 



No. 11 WATER STREET, NORFOLK, 
ENGLISH, SWEDE, AMERICAN AND RUSSIAN 



3 



Anvils, Bellows, Vices, &c., manufacturers of Farming Implements, Horse 
Power Machinery, &c. Every article connected with the Iron and Agricul- 
tural Implement business, is kept by us and for ?ale at Manufacturers' 
prices. Our Catalogues may be had by mail or otherwise, by applying 
at the Depot. 




C. E, GREENWOOD, 

No. 2. West Wide Water Street, 



Has on hand an extensive and well selected stock of 



JI 9 



'2 ^i^^^^^^9 
SILVER WARE AND FANCY GOODS, 

To which he is constantly adding by fresh selections of the latest styles of 
goods from the first importing houses at the North. His present stock em- 
braces, in part, gold and silver hunting and open faced patent lever watches, 
duplex, anchor lever and cylinder watches, gold breast pins, finger rings, 
ear rings, bracelets, lockets, chains, slides, studs, &c. 

Strict personal attention paid to the repairing of fine watches, clocks, jewelry, 
file , at moderate charges. 



AL GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 159 

county is exceedingly picturesque. The soil of the valleys and 
river bottoms is remarkably fertile, and a large portion of the 
highlands is susceptible of cultivation. Indian corn, wheat, 
oats, hay, tobacco, wool, and butter are the staples. In 1850 it 
produced 798,354 bushels of corn ; 278,575 of wheat, 191,549 
of oats; 4,328 tons of hay; 1,456,300 pounds of tobacco, and 
164,882 pounds of butter. The produce of corn was greater 
than that of any other county in the State. It contained in 
that year 44 churches, and 4 newspaper establishments. There 
were 550 pupils attending public schools, and 465 attending 
academies and other schools. The Eivanna river is navigable 
in the eastern part of the county, which is intersected by the 
Central railroad of Virginia, lately constructed, while the 
James River Canal passes along the South border. Albemarle 
is among the most populous and highly cultivated counties of 
Virginia, and is distinguished as the native place of Thomas 
Jefferson, third President of the United States, whose resi- 
dence, Monticello_, is beautifully situated 3 miles S. E. from 
Charlottesville, commanding a magnificent view of the dis- 
tant mountains, and of the Jiivanna river, which flows in the 
immediate vicinity. Capital, Charlottesville. Population, 25,- 
800, of whom 12,462 were free, and 13,338 slaves. 

Aldie, a small post-village of Loudoun county, Virginia, on 
Little river, 149 miles N. from Richmond. A slackwater navi- 
gation is in progress of construction, which will extend from 
this village to the Potomac, a distance of 17 miles. 

Alexandria, a county in the N. E. part of Virginia, border- 
ing on the Potomac river, opposite Washington City, has an 
area of about 36 square miles. The surface is hilly ; the soil 
thin. Indian corn, wheat, oats, and hay are the staples. In 
1850 the county produced 28,380 bushels of corn ; 6,238 of 
wheat; 6,312 of oats; and 412 tons of hay. There were 1 
cotton factory, 1 grist mill, 2 iron foundries, 1 tannery, 2 chan- 
dleries, and 2 agricultural implement manufactories. It con- 
tained 12 churches, and 3 newspaper establishments. There 
were 619 pupils attending public schools, and 304 attending 
academies or other schools. The Potomac is navigable for 
large ships on the border of the county. The Orange and Al- 
exandria railroad terminates at Alexandria, the capital of the 
county ; and a canal has been made from that city to George- 



160 



NORFOLK BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



Premium Awarded by the Seaboard Agricultural Society 
for the best Manufactured Tin- Ware, for 1853 and 1854- 




S. R. SMALL & CO. 





Tin, Copper & Sheet Iran Manufacturers, i 

AND DEALERS IN 

iSHiPIIi; imiS, EDCI III ii BWAIIIi ME. 

Job Work of every description faitlifully executed, sucli as 
Roofing, Gutters and Pipes for buildings. Copper Pipes for 
Steamboats, Steam Mills, &c. 

STOVES. — A large variety for Cooking and Warming pur- 
poses, of the newest and most fashionable patterns. 

BATHING APPARATUS in great variety, comprising tbe 
largest assortment ever before introduced in this City. 

For Churches, Hotels, &c.. Pipes of Block Tin, Lead, Copper or 
Zinc, Sheet Lead, Bar Lead, Bar Tin, Tin Plate, &c. 

CI§TEKr¥ AMS> ^WELL PtJlYlPS, ALli SfiZES. 

Workmen sent to any part of Virginia and North Carolina 
to execute work, which we warrant to give satisfaction. 

"WILLIAM LA'WS & CO. 




No. 



9 CAMPBELL'S WHARF, 

[r^ © [^ IF © L [}C o 



^^ All kinds of Country Produce taken in exchange for Goods, or bought for Cash, or sold on 
Commission. Orders from the Country respectfully solicited and punctually attended to. 



AL GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 161 

town, District of Columbia. Population, 10,008, of whom 
8,626, were free, and 1,382 slaves. This county formerly con- 
stituted a part of the District of Columbia. It was retroceded 
to Virginia during the Congress of 1845-6. 

Alexandria, a city port of entry and capital of Alexandria 
county, Virginia, on the right bank of the Potomac, 7 miles be- 
low Washington. Lat. 38° 49' N., Lon. 77° 4' W. The river, 
here one mile wide, forms a commodious harbor^ sufficiently 
deep for the largest ships. The city is pleasantly situated 
on undulating ground, with a fine view of the capitol at Wash- 
ington and of the broad Potomac. The streets cross each other 
at right angles, and are generally well paved and lighted with 
gas. The public buildings are a court-house and about 12 
churches. There are 3 banks, 2 newspaper offices, and several 
excellent schools. The water of the river has recently been in- 
troduced into the city by means of machinery. A considera- 
ble amount of shipping is owned here, in which corn, tobacco 
and stone coal are exported. A canal has been opened to 
Georgetown intersecting the Chesapeake and Ohio canal, and a 
railroad 90 miles long extends from this city to Gordonsville 
on the Central railroad. These improvements were finished in 
1852, and have attracted considerable trade to this port. The 
manufacture of cotton cloths has recently been introduced 
here, and is carried on quite extensively, a number of mills 
being in successful operation. Population about 5,000. 

Allbright, a post-office of Preston county, Virginia. 

Alleghany, a county situated a little S. W. from the centre 
of Virginia, has an area of about 500 square miles. It is in- 
tersected by Jackson's river, which unites with the Cow Pas- 
ture river on the E. border, to form the James river ; and it is 
also drained by Potts and Dunlap creeks. The main Alle- 
gliany chain forms its boundary on the N". W.; a ridge called 
Middle Mountain extends along the S. E. border, and the 
Warm Springs and Peter's mountains extend across the middle 
of the county. The scenery of this county is remarkably 
fine, particularly at the passage of Jackson's river, through one 
of the mountains. The soil of the valleys is fertile. Indian 
corn, wheat, oats, hay, and butter are the staples. In 1850 the 
county produced 88,426 bushels of corn ; 16,937 of wheat ; 
42,210 of oats ; 1,211 tons of hay, and 29,712 pounds of butter. 

21 



162 



NORFOLK BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



M. A. SAinX)S & SON, 

Have Constantly on Hand an Extensive Supply of 

Perfumery, Looking Glass Plates, Window, Coach, and Hollow Glass, Glue, Sand 
Paper, Chewing Tobacco, SnufF, Garden, Flower and Grass Seeds, Surgeons' In- 
struments, &c. 

PRINCIPE, HAVANA, PLANTATION AND HALF SPANISH^ 

MANUFACTURERS OF 

Genuine Blistering Plaster, Myrtle Tooth Wash, Persian Hair Oil, Improved Indelr 
ible Ink, Permanent Blue Ink, Superior Cologne Water, Whooping Cough Syrup, 
Syrup of Sarsaparilla, U. S. B., Fluid Extract of Buchu, &c. 

Agents fur Sarsaparilla Preparations and nearly all Patent Medicines. Dealers 
in Garden and Grass Seeds, Exotic Plants, Evergreens, Trees, &c. 

gW° Country Storekeepers, Druggists, and Physicians supplied at low rates. 



w. p. 



HT &. O 



Wlkffllosal® aimdl IE©4aE ID)®®l®ffs 

FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC 

Gl 0) ®) 



nia 




No. 25 MAIN, AND No. 17 HILL STREET, 

NORFOLK:. 

Orders punctually attended to. 

THOMAS LE"WIS, 

FASHIONABLE READY MADE 



NEXT DOOIfi TO WALTER'S HOTEL, 

MAIN STREET, NORFOLK. 

We have on hand a large and well selected stock of Coats, Pants, Vests, Linen 
Bosom Shirts, Netted Shirts and Draws, Gloves, Suspenders, Stocks Handker- 
chiefs, Umbrellas, Canton Draws, Collars, Bosoms, Socks, Sac, &c., all of which 

WILL BE SOLD LOW FOR CASH. 

N. B. Clothing made to order at the shortest notice. 



AM GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 163 

It contained in that year 2 iron furnaces, 2 forges, 2 flour 
mills. There were 10 churches, 153 pupils attending puljlic 
schools, and 30 attending an academy. Iron ore is found in 
the county. The James River canal is designed to terminate 
at Covington, the county seat. A railroad is projected from 
this point to the Ohio river at Guyandotte. The Red Sweet 
Springs of this coitnty have some celebrity, and have been 
finely improved. Capital, Covington. Population, 3,515, of 
whom 2,821 were free, and 694 slaves. 

Allen's Creek, a post-office of Amherst county, Virginia. 
Alpine Depot, a post-office of Morgan county, Virginia. 
Alto, a post-office of Louisa county, Virginia. 
Alum Rock, a post-office of Alleghany county, Virginia. 
Alum Springs, a post-office of Rockbridge county, Virginia. 
Amacetta, a post-office of Wayne county, Virginia. 
AxMBler's Mills, a post-office of Louisa county, Virginia. 
Amelia, a county toward the S. E. part of Virginia, has an 
area of 300 sq[uare miles. The Appomattox river forms about 
half of the boundary, inclosing it on nearly all sides excepting 
the south: it is also drained by Namazine Flat and Deep creeks. 
The surface is somewhat diversified ; the soil of the valleys is 
naturally fertile, but impoverished by long cultivation. A por- 
tion of the land has been ''turned out," and can be bought at 
a merely nominal rate. Indian corn, wheat, oats, tobacco, and 
butter are the staples. In 1850 the county produced 250,251 
bushels of corn; 109,960 of wheat; 70,075 of oats; 1,786,788 
pounds of tobacco, and 56,790 pounds of butter. It contained 
in that year 3 grist mills and 2 coach factories. There were 14 
churches, 145 pupils attending public schools, and 61 attending 
academies or other schools. The county is intersected by the 
Richmond and Danville Railroad. Organized in 1734. Capital, 
Amelia Court House. Population, 9770, of whom 2951 were 
free, and 6819 slaves. 

Amelia Court House, a post-village, capital of Amelia county, 
Virginia, 47 miles S. W. from Richmond; contains very few 
dwellings. 

Amherst, a county in the S. central part of Virginia, has an 
area of 418 square miles. The James river flows along its S. 
W. and S. E. borders, forming in its course almost a right angle, 
and constituting about half of the entire boundary. The Blue 



164 



NORFOLK BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



orfolk Fnrnitiire Depot, 

Ko. 34 Meclianics' Hall, Main Street, 




O'BRIEN & QUICK 

Respectfully solicit the attention of strangers visiting the city 

to their stock of 

Consisting of a well selected assortment of all articles suitable 
for the Parlor, Dining Room, Chamber and Kitchen, of good 
quality and city make, such as 

Sofas, .^ &^ ^ /^ v*^ Sideboards, 

Chairs, W^ltlUv^Jll/ <|SSF Sofa & Ex- 



Bureaus, 
"Wardrobes, 
Safes, 
Lounges, 




tension Ta- 
bles, 
Looking 
Glasses, 



Of all sizes and prices ; Cottages, French and high-post Bed- 
steads, Children's Chairs, — all kinds — Washstands, with and 
without marble, and other articles too tedious to enumerate. 

|I3^ We pledge ourselves to sell (articles being equal,) 5 per cent, less than any 
other establishment. 



AP GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 165 

Eidge forms the boundary of the county on the N. W., and the 
surface is beautifully diversified by mountains and valleys. The 
passage of James river through the Blue Ridge is a sublime 
feature in the scenery of this region. The soil is naturally fer- 
tile. Indian corn, wheat, oats, hay, tobacco, and butter are the 
staples. In 1850 the county produced 358,183 bushels of corn; 
122,088 of wheat; 94,262 of oats; 948,261 pounds of tobacco, and 
84,968 of butter. It contained 24 churches; 250 pupils attend- 
ing public schools, and 130 attending academies and other 
schools. A cana,l has been opened along James river, on the 
border of the county. The county was formed from Albemarle 
in 1761. Capital, Amherst Court House. Population, 12,699, 
of whom 6746 were free, and 5953 slaves. 

Amherst Court House, a small post village, capital of Amherst 
county, Virginia, about 15 miles N. by E. from Lynchburg. 

Amissville, a small post-village of Rappahannock county, Vir- 
ginia, 121 miles N. W. from Richmond, has about 75 inhabitants. 

Amsterdam, a post-village of Botetourt county, Virginia, 181 
miles W. from Richmond, contains 1 brick church and several 
tradesmen's shops. 

Anandale, a post-office of Fairfax county, Virginia. 

Anderson, a post-office of Walker county, Georgia. 

Andrews, a post-office of Spottsylvania, Virginia. 

Angerona, a post-office of Jacjjson county, Virginia. 

Annsville, a small village of Dinwiddie county, Virginia, 
about 75 miles N. W. by W. from Norfolk. 

Anthony's Creek, a post-office of Grreenbrier county, Virginia. 

Appersons, a post-office of Charles City county, Virginia. 

Appomattox, a river in the S. E. part of Virginia, rises in Ap- 
pomattox county, and flowing in a general eastward direction 
forms the boundary between several counties on each side, passes 
by the city of Petersburg and enters the James river at City 
Point. It is a valuable stream for navigation, having a narrow 
and deep channel. Large vessels ascend to Petersburg, about 
20 miles from its mouth, and batteaus to Farmville, j^erhaps 100 
miles farther. The whole length is estimated at 150 miles. The 
navigation is good at all seasons for boats of 5 or 6 tons to Farm- 
ville. 

Appomattox, a county in the S. E. central part of Virginia, 
has an area of 260 square miles. It is bounded on the N. W. 



166 



NORFOLK BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



]Sr O ]R F O L K 



SEMlNARy FOR TODNG LADIES 




This Institution lias been recently established in this City, and is now in success- 
ful operation, and offers peculiar advantages to those young Ladies wishing to obtain 
a finished 

CLASSICAL, ENGLISH, AND ORNAMENTAL EDUCATION, 

bein^ provided with accomplished Teachers in every department, and every suitable 
facility, viz : A commodious School House, Recilalion Rooms, Maps, Globes and 
Reference Books, that every branch may be illustrated and fully understood. The 
Course of Study is as extensive as in any Female College. 



ai*^sa"a?aa^^^. 



Mrs. M. A. Southgate, 
Khetorio, Botany, &c. 

Miss Susan F. Smith, 
English Literature. 

Miss Delia H. Wynne, 

English Literature and Music. 



Mr. James Southgate, jr., 

Latin, Greek and Mathematics. 

Professor Geay, 

Modern Languages 

Professor W. F. Giabau, 
Music — Piano and Guitar. 



■17 3BIFL3VES . 



Board and Tuition, per session of 5 months, $100 00 

Washing, 7 .'iO 

Tuition In Literary Department, S.') Oi) 

"Academic " 20 00 

" "Preparatory, " 15 00 

French, Spanish, German and Italian, each, 10 00 

Music on Piano, 25 00 

Music on Guitar 20 00 

Painting in Oil Colors, 15 00 

Painting in Water Colors, 10 00 

Grecian Embroidery and Worsted Work, 5 00 

Use of Instrument, 2 50 



AG GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 167 

by the James river and canal, and drained by the sources of the 
Appomattox river, from which the name is derived. The sur- 
face is diversified by several small ranges of mountains, and 
covered with extensive forests. The soil is generally fertile. 
Indian corn, wheat, oats, tobacco, hay, and butter are the staples. 
In 1850 the county produced 186,855 bushels of corn; 76,345 of 
wheat; 92,116 of oats ; 964,100 pounds of tobacco, and 83,299 
of butter. It contained in that year 1 iron furnace, 5 flour mills, 
and 2 tanneries. There were 22 churches, 361 pupils attending 
academies and other schools. It is intersected by the South 
Side railroad, extending from Petersburg to Lynchburg, which 
is a source of much improvement. A plank road has lately been 
laid in the county. Capital, Clover Hill. Population, 9193, of 
whom 4394 were free, and 4799 slaves. 

Appomattox Depot, a post-office of Amelia county, Virginia. 

Aquia creek, in the E. part of Virginia, flows through Stafford 
county into the Potomac river, and is navigable for schooners 
several miles from its mouth. 

Aquia, a post-office of Stafford county, Virginia. 

Ararat, a post-office of Patrick county, Virginia. 

Arbuckle, a post-office of Mason county, Virginia. 

Arcola, or Gum Springs, a post-village of Loudoun county, Vir- 
ginia, 146 miles N. from Richmond, contains a few stores. 

Arnolton, a small village in the S. W. part of Campbell 
county, Virginia, about 110 miles W. S. W. from Richmond. 

Ashland, a post-office of Cabell county, Virginia. 

Ashton's Mills, a post-office of Frederick county, Virginia. 

AsPENGROVE, a post-office of Pittsylvania county, Virginia. 

AssAMoONic, a post-office of Southampton county, Virginia. 

Athens, a post-office of Caroline county, Virginia. 

Auburn, a post-office of Fauquier county, Virginia. 

Augusta, a county in the central part of Virginia, forming 
part of the Great Valley which extends along the N. W. base of 
the Blue Ridge. The area is about 900 square miles. The 
Shenandoah and Calf Pasture rivers arise in the county. The 
S. E. boundary is formed by the Blue Ridge; the surface of the 
valley is elevated and hilly; the soil is calcareous, and very pro- 
ductive of grain and grass. In 1850 there were raised 419,006 
bushels of wheat; 505,800 of Indian corn; 250,026 of oats; 
15,225 tons of hay, and 275,483 pounds of butter. The 



168 



NORFOLK BUSINESS DIRECTORY 



NORFOLK CARPET WAR EHOOSE. 

WM. A. WALTEES, 

Wholesale and Retail Dealer in every variety of 

/l^ 1^ m f1^ fl3 ^ H HI /P^ @ iTh^§ (i 



Mattings, Upholstery Goods, and 
No. 26 MAIN STREET, NORFOLK. 

Has always in store, in their season, a large and choice assortment of 
Goods in the above line, to which he invites the attention of purchasers. 

JOHN T. REDMOND, 

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL 



_^jA_ TVkJ yajm 



No. 5 OA_]VEFB ELL'S ^VHA-RF, 

CHOICE FAMILY GROCERIES 

Selected with great care, and offered at astonishing low prices 
for cash. Ship Stores carefully and promptly put up at short- 
est notice. 




IMPORTEE & MANUFACTURER OP 

:e=i. I de^ Xj es s. 

No. M UNION STREET, NOKFOEK. 



BA GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 169 



quantity of hay was greater than was produced in any other 
county of the State, except Eockingham county; and that of 
hutter greater than in any except Loudoun county. There were 
41 flour and grist mills, 20 saw mills, 2 iron furnaces, 2 iron 
forges, 13 tanneries. It contained 41 churches; 745 pupils at- 
tending puhlic schools, and 226 attending academies or other 
schools. Fine limestone underlies a great part of the valley, 
and extensive heds of anthracite coal have been opened, A de- 
scription of the celebrated Weyer's cave of this county will be 
found under the head of Virginia. The Central railroad of Vir- 
ginia passes through this county and connects it with Richmond. 
Augusta county was formed from Orange in 1738. Capital, 
Staunton. Population, 24,610, of whom 10,557 were free, and 
5053 slaves. 

AusTiNviLLE, a i^ost-office of AVythe county, Virginia. 

Avo, a post-office of Patrick county, Virginia. 

Aylett's, a post-office of King William county, Virginia, 28 
miles N. E. from Richmond. 

Batchelor's Hall, a post-office of Pittsylvania county, Va. 

Back Creek, in the N. E. part of Virginia, rises in Frederick 
county, flows northeastward through Berkely, and enters the 
Potomac about 10 miles N. from Martinsburg. 

Back Creek Valley, a post-office of Frederick county, Va. 

Bacon's Castle, a post-office of Surry county, Virginia. 

Baileysburg, a small post village near the S. extremity of 
Surry county, Virginia, about 50 miles S. S. E. from Richmond. 

Baker's Run, a post-office of Hardy county, Virginia. 

Balcony Falls, a post-office of Rockbridge county, Virginia 
on James river, 153 miles, W. from Richmond. 

Ballardsville, a small post village in the K part of Boone 
county, Virginia, about 250 miles W. by N. from Richmond. 

Ballsville, a post-office of Powhatan county, Virginia. 

Banister, a river in the S. part of Virginia, rises in Pittsyl- 
vania county, and flowing in a south-easterly course, enters the 
Dan river in Halifax county, about 10 miles below the village 
of Banister. It is navigable by batteaus from its mouth to 
Meadsville. 

Banister, or Halifax Court-House, a flourishing post-village, 
capital of Halifax county, Virginia, on Banister river, 10 miles 
above its entrance into the Dan river, and on the Richmond 

22 



170 



PETERSBURG BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



iiLLlHGlP'" 




PETERSBURG, 

JAMES S. GILLIAM, Proprietor. 

Situated in the centre of the business jwrtion of the City. 

Will be in waiting at the different Eailroad Stations and Steam- 
ers, to convey passengers to this Hotel. 




1 H ^ (S MI^^IFfl 



9 



SYO^lVrORE STUEET, 



THOMAS W. EPES, Proprietor. 



O IMCr«Q"I IQ TJ s 

At all times in readiness to convey Passengers to and from the 

several Depots. 



W. E. MORRISON. 



T. E. MARABLE. S. J. MORRISON. 



MOEEISOH, MAEABLE & GO. 



,^^:E:2r!:s;> 



COMMISSION MERCHANTS, 



Particular attention paid to the sale of all kinds of Produce. 



BA GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 171 

and Danville railroad, 120 miles S. W. from Eichmond. The 
situation is elevated and pleasant. Banister lias a very active 
mercantile business, in which a capital of $200,000 is invested. 
It is the terminus of three lines of stages. The Banister river 
is navigable for batteaus from its mouth to Meadsville, about 
10 miles above the court-house. A rich mine of plumbago has 
recently been opened, 6 miles from this place. Population in 
1853, about 1,600. 

Baptist Valley, a post-office of Tazewell county, Virginia. 

Barber's Cross Koads, a post-office of Isle of Wight county, 
Virginia. 

Barbour, a county in the N. W. part of Virginia, has an area 
of 330 square miles. It is intersected by Tygart's Valley river, 
a branch of the Monongahela, and also drained by Buchanan 
river and Elk creek. The western part is hilly and the eastern 
mountainous : a ridge called Laurel Mount, forms the E. boun- 
dary. The soil in many parts is good, and particularly adapted 
to pasturage. Indian corn, wheat, and grass are the staples. In 
1850 this county produced 209,673 bushels of corn; 38,110 of 
wheat, 9916 tons of hay, and 14T,649 pounds of butter. It con- 
tained 19 churches, and 546 pupils attending public schools. 
Stone coal and iron are abundant. It was formed in 1843, from 
Harrison, Lewis, and Randolph, and derived its name from a 
distinguished family of Virginia. Capital, Philippi. Popula- 
tion, 9005, of whom 8892 were free, and 113 slaves. 

Barboursville, a small post-village, capital of Cabell county, 
Virginia, on the Guyandotte river, 7 miles from its entrance into 
the Ohio, and 352 miles W. N. W. from Richmond. The main 
road leading from the Virginia Springs to the Ohio river passes 
through this village. Population, about 250. 

Barboursville, a small post-village of Greene county, Vir- 
ginia, 76 miles N. W. from Richmond, has a pleasant situation, 
and contains several stores and mechanic sho2)s. 

Barbourville, a post-office of Orange county, Virginia. 

Barhamsat:lle, a post-office of New Kent county, Virginia. 

Barksdale, a post-village of Halifax county, Virginia, 132 
miles S. W. from Richmond. 

Barnett's Mills, a small post-village of Fauquier county, Vir- 
ginia, on the Rappahannock river, 93 miles N. by W. from Rich- 
mond. 



172 



PETERSBURG BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



DAUGHTREY & HARRISON, 

(SUCCESS0E3 TO JAMES WILKINSON,) 
MANUFACTURERS OF 



FRUITS, JVUTS JlJrn JPERFUJfTERl^, 

IMPORTED AND DOMESTIC CIGARS, 

Willow Ware, German and French Toys of all Styles, 

CC1= Parties furnished on the most reasonable terms, and all orders neatly packed 
and promptly attended to. 

BOWIE & WRIGHT, 

TABB STREET, PETERSBURG, 

Keep constantly on hand, and man\ifacture to order, all kinds of 

MONUMENTS, TOMB-STONES, 

Furniture Marble, Mantles, &c. 

ALSO ALL KINDS OF 

EXECUTED TO ORDEK. 

I®* Orders solicited and punctually attended to. 

FmsT premium: 

IS 







Sycamore Street, next to Pannill & Sons, 

Has constantly on hand, of his own manufacture, and makes to order, all sizes, 

styles and prices of 

aasssaSs, ^siasTAaSs, sassssaSp 

Blank Books, Cash Books, Ac, neatly I'uled to any Pattern. 

Havino; obtained the FIRST PRI^E at the Fair of the Union Agricultural So- 
ciety of Virginia and North Carolinaj would solicit a continuance of the generous 
patronage heretofore extended to him. tCI^ Call and examine. Jforllurn Prices. 



BA GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 173 

Barracksville, a village of Marion county, Virginia, on the 
Baltimore and Ohio railroad. 

Barry's Bridge, a post-office of Lunenburg county, Virginia. 

Barter Brook, a post-office of Augusta county, Virginia. 

Basnettsville, a post-office of Marion county, Virginia. 

Bath, a county in the central part of Virginia, contains 725 
square miles. It is intersected by the Cowpasture and Jackson's 
rivers, branches of James river. The surface is traversed by 
valleys and mountain ridges of the Alleghany chain, and dis- 
plays a profusion of magnificent scenery. The highlands pro- 
duce valuable timber and excellent pasture. The productions 
are corn, wheat, oats, hay, fruits, wool, butter, &c. Cattle and 
horses are exported. In 1850 there were raised 73,671 bushels 
of Indian corn; 17,502 of wheat; [42,676 of oats; 3853 tons of 
hay; 12,271 pounds of wool, and 36,120 of butter. There were 
9 saw mills, 8 grist mills, 4 wool-carding mills, 2 agricultural 
implement manufactories, and 2 tanneries. It contained 6 
churches; 70 pupils attending public schools, and 85 attending 
academies or other schools. Limestone and iron ore are abun- 
dant. Bath county derives its name from the numerous medi- 
cinal springs which occur in it. Capital, Warm Springs. The 
county was organized in 1791. Population, 3426, of whom 2479 
were free, and 947 slaves. 

Bath Court House, Bath county, Virginia. See Warm Springs. 

Bath or Berkeley Springs, Capital of Morgan county, Vir- 
ginia, is situated about 3 miles from the Potomac river and Bal- 
timore and Ohio railroad, and 186 miles N. N. W. from Kich- 
mond. The Berkeley springs, which arise in the midst of this 
town, are esteemed very efficacious in dyspepsia, neuralgia, 
chronic rheumatism, &c., and are frequented by large numbers of 
invalids. The temperature is 74°. The accommodations are 
elegant, and sufficiently extensive for 700 persons. 

Bath Alum, a post-office of Bath county, Virginia. 

Bath Alum Springs, a fashionable watering place of Bath 
county, Virginia, situated at the eastern base of the " Warm 
Springs Mountain," 164 miles W. N. W. from Kichmond, and 
6 miles S. E. from the Warm Springs. The proprietor has ex- 
pended above thirty thousand dollars in the erection of build- 
ings and other improvements. 

Bay View, a post-office of Northampton county, Virginia. 



174 



PETERSBURG BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



F. H. ROBERTSON. 



WM.F.SPOTSWOOD. 



JAS. J. TRAYLOR. 



F. H. ROBEETSON & CO. 

South-east corner of Bollingbrook and Sycamore streets, 

533 Ls tp caa as ^ CB T:Er oa cs> © 

Wholesale and Retail Dealers in Foreign and Domestic 

DRUGS, MEDICINES, PAINTS, 

Oils, Dj'^e Stuffs, Perfumes, Soaps, Brushes, Fancy Articles, Window Glass, 
Garden Seeds, &;c. We are also Agents for Floor Oil Cloths. 
jl3^ Orders executed with accuracy, neatness and dispatch. 



R. O. BRITTON. 



BERNARD TODD. 



BENJ. HARRISON. 



BRITTON, TODD & HARRISON, 

GROCERS, COMMISSION AND 

Opposite JF'est Hili fVarehouse, Sycamore Street, 

APPOMATTOX IRON WORKS 



PETERSBURG, 




^WILLIAMSON, WATKINS & CO. 

PROPRIETORS, 
Manufacturers of Railroad Equipment, and heavy Forgings and Castings. 

W^^TKIlSrS, SOI^ & CO. 
©[I[^^[E[^/^L (D©[M]ii^DiiO©lN] [M][i^(DG^^[N]¥i, 

AND RAILROAD SUPPLY AGENTS, 

For the sale of Lubricating Oil, Steel and Rubber Springs and Trimmings. 
Also, Agents for the sale of Rails, Locomotives, Tools, Belting, &c. 

OFFICE— CORNER OP OLD AND SYCAMORE STREETS. 



BE GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 175 

Bealeton, a post-office of Fauquier county, Virginia. 

Beaty's Mills, a post-office of Marion county, Virginia. 

Beavek Creek, a post-office of Campbell county, Virginia. 

Beaver Dam, a post-offiee of Goochland county, Virginia. 

Beaver Dam Depot, a post-office of Hanover county, Vir- 
ginia. 

Beckley, a post-village, capital of Kaleigh county, Virginia, 
210 miles in a direct line W. from Richmond. The county has 
a mountainous surface, and is very thinly inhabited. 

Bedford, a county in the S. central part of Virginia, has an 
area of 504 square miles. The James river forms its N. E., the 
Staunton its S. W. boundary, and Otter creek flows through 
the middle. The county has an elevated surface, and the 
scenery is delightful, the N. W. boundary passing along the 
summit of the Blue Ridge, which here attains in the Peaks of 
Otter the height of 5,307 feet above the sea. The soil is highly 
productive. Indian corn, wheat, oats, tobacco, and butter are 
the staples. In 1850 there were raised 602,362 bushels of corn ; 
178,990 of wheat; 294,852 of oats, the greatest quantity pro- 
duced in any one county of the State, except Halifax county ; 
1,955,436 pounds of tobacco, and 238,233 of butter. There 
were 5 tanneries, 14 flour, grist and saw mills, and 4 tobacco fac- 
tories. It contained 40 churches ; 638 pupils attending public 
schools, and 72 attending academies or other schools. The 
James River canal passes along the border, and the Virginia 
and Tennessee railroad passes through the county. Bedford 
county was formed from Lunenburg in 1763. Capital, Liberty. 
Population, 24,080, of whom 14,019 are free, and 10,061 slaves. 

Beeler's Station, a post-office of Marshall county, Virginia. 

Belle Haven, a post-office of Accomac county, Virginia. 

Belleville, a post-office of Wood county, Virginia. 

Bellfair Mills, a post-office of Stafibrd county, Virginia. 

Bell Point, a post-office of Giles county, Virginia. 

Bell Roi, a post-office of Gloucester county, Virginia. 

Bell's Cross Roads, a post-office of Louisa county, Virginia. 

Bell's Valley, a post-office of Rockbridge county, Virginia, 
147 miles W. from Richmond. 

Belmont, a post-office of Loudoun county, Virginia. 

Bennett's Mills, a post-office of Lewis county, Virginia. 

Bentevoglio, a post-office of Albemarle county, Virginia. 



176 



PETERSBURG BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



SPENCER SCOTT. A. L. SCOTT. P. H. PORTER. G. A. KEEN. 

S. & A. L SCOTT & CO. 

F^SHIOlSr^BLE 

iESCHMTMiLiiS 

AND MANUFACTURERS OF 

©lEMTnLIlMIlH'S ©]L@1PHM©, 

OF THE BEST QUAI.ITY, 




^r.WHOLES/kLE & RETAIL CLOTHING BAZAAR. = 

f^^SYCkMORE ST. PEtERSBURC.VA .~^= 



No. 58 SYCAMORE STREET, 

MANUFACTURES T<^ ORDER AND KEEPS ON HAND 




•9 ^^^^^^^9 

M .A. T T? I=L E! S S :n3 S , 

CARPETS AND RUGS, 
WII¥DOW BLII¥DS, SHADES, OIL CLOTHS, &c. 

g^ Orders for any article in his line, from town or country custom- 
ers, executed with dispatch. 



BE GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 177 

Bentleyville, a post-village of Halifax county, Virginia, on 
Staunton river, 115 miles S. W. from Kiclimond. 

Bentonville, a post-office of Warren county, Virginia. 

Bergen's Store, a post-office of Pittsylvania county, Vir- 
ginia. 

Berkeley, a county in the N. E. part of Virginia, bordering 
on the Potomac river, which separates it from Maryland, has 
an area of about 250 square miles. It is bounded on the S. E. 
by Opequan creek, and intersected by Back creek. It occupies 
the most northern part of the Valley of Virginia. The sur- 
face is hilly and mountainous, the soil of the valleys and river 
bottoms is mostly fertile. "Wheat, Indian corn, oats, hay, and 
butter are the staples. In 1850 the county produced 356,234 
bushels of wheat; 171,686 of corn ; 50,531 of oats ; 6,667 tons 
of hay, and 157,850 pounds of butter. There were 24 flour 
mills, 11 grist mills, 14 saw mills, 1 paper mill, 1 railroad ma- 
chine shop, and 4 tanneries. It contained 30 churches, 550 pu- 
pils attending public schools, and 102 attending academies or 
other schools. Limestone underlies a large part of the county ; 
anthracite coal and iron are abundant. The streams furnish 
considerable water-power. The county is intersected by the 
Baltimore and Ohio Kailroad. Organized in 1772, and named 
probably from Sir William Berkeley, formerly Governor of 
Virginia. Capital, Martinsburg. Population, 11,771, of whom 
9,815 were free, and 1,956 slaves. 

Berkley Springs, Virginia. See Bath. 

Berlin, a post-office of Southampton county, Virginia. 

Berry\^ille, a small town, capital of Clarke county, Vir- 
ginia, on Opequan creek, and on the turnpike from Winchester 
to Washington, 12 miles E. from the former, and 158 miles N- 
by W. from Kichmond. It has some trade, and contains an 
academy and 1 or 2 churches. 

Bestland, a post-office of Essex county, Virginia. 

Bethany, a post-village of Brooke county;, Virginia, on Buf- 
falo creek, 7 miles from the Ohio river, and 16 miles N. E. 
from Wheeling. The surrounding country is fertile and beau- 
tiful. The village is the seat of Bethany College, which was 
established in 1841, by Alexander Campbell, a Baptist min- 
ister. 

Bethel, a post-office of Mercer county, Virginia. 

23 



178 



PETERSBURG BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



< 






m 
o 




BL GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 179 

Beverly, a post-village, capital of Kandolpli county, Vir- 
ginia, on the Tygart's Valley river, 210 miles K W. from 
Kichmond, is pleasantly situated in a valley among the Alle- 
ghany mountains. It has a few stores and shops. 

Bickley's Mills, a post-office of Kussel county, Virginia. 

Big Bend, a post-office of G-ilmer county, Virginia. 

Big Cedar Creek, a post-office of Grreen Brier county, Vir- 
ginia. 

Big Cole, a post-office of Boone county, Virginia. 

Big Glades, a post-office of Kussel county, Virginia. 

Big Island, a post-office of Bedford county, Virginia. 

Big Lick^ or Gainsboro, a small post-village of Koanoke 
county, Virginia, 170 miles W. by S. from Kichmond. The 
Virginia and Tennessee railroad passes through it. 

Big Meadow, a post-office of Grayson county, Virginia. 

Big Otter, a post-office of Braxton county, Virginia. 

Big Skin Creek, a post office of Lewis county, Virginia. 

Big Springs, a post-office of Pocahontas county, Virginia. 

Birch Kiver, a post- office of Nicholas county, Virginia, 284 
miles W. by N. from Kichmond. 

BiRCHTON, a post-office of Braxton county, Virginia. 

Black Face, a post-office of Nottoway county, Virginia. 

Black Heth, a post-office of Chesterfield county, Virginia. 

Black Kock, a post-office of Rappahannock count}-, Virginia. 

Blacks and Whites, a post-office of Nottoway county, Vir- 
ginia. 

Blacksburg, a post-village of Montgomery county, Virginia, 
about 200 miles W. by S. from Kichmond. Population, about 
250. 

Blackshire's, a post-office of Marion county, Virginia. 

Blacksville, a post-village of Monongalia county, Virginia, 
20 miles N. W. from Morgantown. The line between Vir- 
ginia and Pennsylvania passes through the village. It has a 
few stores, and about 100 inhabitants. 

Black Walnut, a small post-village of Halifax county, Vir- 
ginia, 138 miles S. W. from Kichmond. 

Black Water, a post-office of Sussex county, Virginia. 

Blackwater Kiver, in the S. part of Virginia, rises at the 
foot of the Blue Ridge, and flows eastward through Franklin 
county into the Staunton river. 



180 



PETERSBURG BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



A. O. McILWAINE. 



R. D. McILWAINE. 



K. A. MARTIN. 



.J. B. DUNN. 



McILWAIHE, SOH & CO. 



COMMISSIOI MERCHANTS, 

CITY GUH, EIFLE & PISTOL 

Manufacturing and Importing Warehouse. 

CHAELES" LEONAED, 

No. 15 OLD STREET, 

SIGN OF THE RiFLE. 

Merchants and Sportsmen can 
always find the largest assortment 
in the State of Double and Single 
Guns, Rifles, Pistols, Bowie 
Knives, importing Apparatus, Fish- 
ing Tackle, Walking Canes, Dia- 
mond Grain Powder, Cutlery and Fancy Articles of every description. 
N. B. All kinds of fire arms manufactured and repaired. 




7 

PETERSBURG, 
MANUFACTURERS OF AND DEALERS IN 

PJAIN JAPANNED AND PLANISHED TIN IV ARE, 

stoves, Ranges and Hot air Furna- 
ces of the latest and most approved 
patterns ; !^heet Iron and Copper 
Ware, Force and Suction Fumps of 
any capacity. Always on hand. 
Tea and Coffee Urns, Chafing Dish- 
es, Oyster Dishes, Dish Covers, 
Tea and Coffee Biggins, Nursery 
Lamps with China Cup and Kettle, 
Sheet Lead, Zinc and Iron Coal 
Scuttles, Scales and Weights, Bath 
Tubs, Water Rams, Water Closets, 
Stationary Washstands, Lead Pipe— all sizes— Copper, Iron, &c. 
Also, Roofing, Guttering and Jobbiifflg. 




BO GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 181 

Blackwater Eiver, in tlie S. E. part of Virginia, rises in 
Prince George county, and flowing in a general S. E. course, 
falls into Nottoway river, near the boundary between Virginia 
and North Carolina, after forming the boundary between 
Southampton on the right, and Isle of Wight and Nansemond 
on the left. 

Block House, a post-office of Scott county, Virginia. 

Bloomery, a post-office of Hampshire county, Virginia. 

Bloomfield, a post-village of Loudoun county, Virginia, 168 
miles N. by W. from Kichmond, has a church and a few stores. 

Bloomsburg, a post-village in Halifax county, Virginia, about 
116 miles W. S. W. from Norfolk. 

Blue Eidge, a j^ost-office of Botetourt county, Virginia. 

Blue Spring, a post-office of Smythe county, Virginia. 
_ Bluestone, a small river in the S. W. part of Virginia, rises 
in Tazewell county, flows north-eastward through Mercer 
county, and falls into the New river, 5 miles above the mouth 
of the Greenbrier. 

Blue Stone, a post-office of Tazewell county, Virginia. 

Body Camp, a post-office of Bedford county, Virginia. 

BoLiNGTON, a post-office of Loudoun county, Virginia. 

BoNBROOK, a post-office of Franklin county, Virginia. 

Bone Creek, a post-office of Ritchie county, Virginia. 

Boone, a new county in the W. S. W. part of Virginia, has 
an area of 525 square miles. It is bounded on the N. E. by 
Coal river, an affluent of the Kanawha, and also drained by 
Little Coal river and Laurel creek. The surface is hilly and 
mountainous, and mostly covered with forests. The soil in 
some j)arts is fertile. Indian corn, wheat, oats, grass, and gin- 
seng are the staples. In 1850 this county produced 134,040 
bushels of corn; 3,215 of wheat; 19,185 of oats, and 33,996 
pounds of butter. There were 2 saw mills, and 1 coal-mining 
establishment. It contained 6 churches, and 171 pupils attend- 
ing public schools. Boone county was formed out of portions 
of Logan and Kanawha counties, and named in honor of Daniel 
Boone, the renowned pioneer of the West. Capital, Boone 
Court-House. Population, 3,237, of whom 3,054 were free, and 
183 slaves. 

BooNE CouRT-HousE, a small post-village, capital of Boone 
county, Virginia, on the Little Coal river, 245 miles in a direct 



182 



PETERSBURG BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



HALSEY, TUPMAN & CO. 

IiATE B. F. HALSEY & Co. 

MANUFACTURERS AND DEALERS IN 



FUKNISHING- GOODS, 



East side of Sycamore Street, 



R. W. HAREIS 

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALERS IN 



(M 



Walking Canes, &c. &c. 

W. AUGUSTUS MUIR. SAMUEL STEVENS. 

MUIR &STEVENS, 



IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN 



CHINA, EARTHENWARE Al G 



ij 




Pier, Mantle, and Toilet Looking Glasses, 
Cornell's Solar and Lard Lamps, 



SHOWER BATHS & WATER COOLERS, 

'nifsiimdl(0)ll©§s) (D§is"il(B]r§s) & 

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL, 



Corner of Sycamore and Bollingbrook Streets, 
I^ETERSBXJUa. 

5:^ Particular attention paid to Packing. 



BO GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 183 

line W. from Richmond. The surrounding country is very 
thinly settled. 

Boon's Mills, a post-office of Franklin county, Virginia, 184 
miles W. by S. from Richmond. 

BooTHSViLLE, a village of Marion county, Virginia, with about 
150 inhabitants. 

Booton's Tan- Yard, a post-office of Madison county, Vir- 
ginia. 

Boston, a post-office of Culpepper county, Virginia. 

Botetourt, a county in the S. W. central part of Virginia, 
has an area of 550 square miles. It is intersected by James 
river, and also drained by Craig's and Catawba creeks. The 
Blue Ridge forms the S. E. boundary, and the surface is broken 
by other high ridges. The famous Peaks of Otter rise near 
the boundary between this and Bedford county. The soil in 
some parts is good. Indian corn, wheat, oats, hay, and butter 
are the staples. In 1850 this county produced 368,141 bushels 
of corn ; 121,694 of wheat; 154,063 of oats; 5,531 tons hay, 
and 140,885 pounds of butter. There were 6 flour mills, 5 saw 
mills, 3 iron furnaces, 2 iron foundries, 1 iron forge, and 1 
woolen factory. It contained 21 churches, 428 pupils attend- 
ing public schools, and 62 attending academies or other schools. 
The James River canal has been opened from Richmond to 
Buchanan, in this county, which is intersected by the Virginia 
and Tennessee railroad. Organized in 1769, and named in 
honor of Grovernor Botetourt. Capital, Fincastle. Population, 
14,908, of whom 11,172 were free, and 3,736 slaves. 

Botetourt Springs, a post-village in Roanoke county, Vir- 
ginia. 

Bower'S;, a post-office of Southampton county, Virginia. 

BowLESViLLE, a post-officc of Fluvanna county, Virginia. 

Bowling GtReen, a post-village, capital of Caroline county, 
Virginia, on the road from Richmond to Fredericksburg, 45 
miles N. from the former, is situated in a fertile and healthy 
region. It contained 2 churches, 3 stores, 2 mills, and about 
300 inhabitants. 

Bowman, a post-office of Marshall county, Virginia. 

Bowman's Mills, a post-office of Rockingham county, Vir- 
ginia. 

Bowyer's Knob, a post-office of Fayette county, Virginia. 



184 



PETERSBURG BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



NOAH VTALKER & CO. 

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL 




K<y rep fj-pj ^0 my ^wymm 

Keep constantly on hand a very large and splendid assortment of superior 
ready made clothing of their own manufacture, embracing every variety of 
style and fashion which for make, quality of material or price, defy compe- 
tition. They also have an endless variety of gent's furnishing goods of 
their own importation and manufacture, such as handkerchiefs, cravats, 
neck ties, shirts, undershirts, gloves, hosiery, umbrellas, &c., all of which 
will be sold at as low a figure as can be purchased in any of the Northern 
or Eastern markets. 



T. W. B 



FOREIGN 



DEALER IN 

AND DOMESTIC 




FlIFji 





DAHIEL PERKINSOM, 



CARRIAG-ES, BUGGIES, &c. 

iS .1 jr K S T M M M T^ 



BR GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 185 

BoYDTOWN, a post-village, cajjital of Mecklenburg county, 
Virginia, 6 miles N. from the Eoanoke river, and 90 miles S. 
W. from Kichmond. A plank-road, 76 miles long, connects it 
with Petersburg. It contains 3 churches and a number of 
stores. About a mile from Boydtown is the Kandolph Macon 
College, under the direction of the Methodists. 

Brake's Eun, a post-office of Hardy county, Virginia. 

Branchville, a post-office of Southampton county, Virginia. 

Brandonville, a thriving post-village of Preston county, 
Virginia, 280 miles N. W. from Richmond. A turnpike road 
extends from this village to Fishing creek. 

Brandy Station, a post-office of Culpepper county, Virginia. 

Braxton, a county in the N. W. central part of Virginia, has 
an area of 646 square miles. It is intersected by the Elk and 
Little Kanawha rivers, and also drained by Holly river and 
Birch creek. The surface is hilly and rough, extensively cov- 
ered with forests, the soil is well watered and generally fertile. 
Indian corn and grass are the staples. In 1850 this county 
produced 137,120 bushels of corn, and 72,409 pounds of butter. 
There were 6 grist mills, 4 saw mills, 2 wool-carding mills, 1 
salt-boiling establishment, and 1 tannery. It contained 2 
churches. Stone coal is found in several places, and salt 
springs in the North part of the county. This county was 
formed in 1836, and named in honor of Carter Braxton, one of 
the signers of the Declaration of Independence. Capital, Sut- 
ton. Population, 4,212, of whom 4,123 were free, and 89 slaves. 

Braxton Court-House, Virginia. See Sutton. 

Brentsville, a small post-village, capital of Prince William 
county, Virginia, on the Occoquan creek, 104 miles N. from 
Richmond, contains 1 church, and a few stores. 

Brickland, a post-office of Lunenburg county, Virginia. 

Bridgeport, a small post-village in Harrison county, Vir- 
ginia, about 200 miles N. W. from Richmond. 

Bridge Water, a small post-village of Rockingham county, 
Virginia, on the North river, a branch of the Shenandoah, 
about 125 miles N. W. from Richmond, has an active trade 
and contains several mills propelled by water-power. 

Bridle Creek, a post-office of Grayson county, Virginia. 

Briscoe Run, a post-office of Wood county, Virginia. 

Bristersburgh, a post-office of Fauquier county, Virginia. 

24 



186 



PETERSBURG BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



JOHN STEVENSON. 



JAMES WEDDELL. 



STEVENSON & WEDDELL, 

Importers and Wholesale Dealers in 

STAPLE AND FANCY 









ste'o.^.i^oiei.ie: stu-Eses-gp, 



m 



JAMES KERR. 



LEONARD A. MARBURY. 
5 



IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN 



C|iM, ilass, drartljm ^ Mmt Wkxt, 

Britannia and Silver Plated Ware, 

SASIIPSp IL(D©K2SJS ©ai§S3Eg, 
Sho'wer Baths, 




SYCAMORE, OPPOSITE TABB STREET, 
^f=» Particular attention paid to packing goods for transportation. 



THOMAS W. 

iff ^?^W 



Having all my stock made to order, I am always prepared to give the 
very best made garments at the lowest prices. Call and examine my su- 
perior stock of 

CLOTHING AND FORNiSHING GOODS. 

Always on hand a large assortment at fair prices. My Motto is " Quick 
Sales and Small Profits, for Cash." 



BR GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 187 



Bristol Station, a post-office of Prince William county, Va. 

Brixton, a post-office of Alexandria county, Virginia. 

Broadford, a post-office of Smythe county, Virginia. 

Broad Kun, of Loudoun county, Virginia, flows nortliward, 
and falls into the Potomac about 10 miles S. E. from Leesburg. 

Broad Eun, a small stream in the N. E. part of Virginia, 
rises in Fauquier county, flows south-eastward, and unites with 
Cedar run to form the Occoquan river, about 1 mile below 
Brentsville. It is a valuable mill stream. 

Brock's Gap, a post-office of Eockingham county, Virginia. 

Brooke county, Virginia, is part of the narrow strip which 
forms the K N. W. extremity of the State, bordering on Penn- 
sylvania and Ohio, containing TS square miles. The Ohio 
river bounds it on the W. The surface is hilly ; the soil highly 
productive. Indian corn, wheat, hay, wool, pork, and beef are 
the staples. In 1850 there were raised 150,571 bushels of corn ; 
65,516 of wheat; 4,755 tons of hay, and 123,572 pounds of 
wool, (being the greatest quantity produced in any one county 
of the State.) There were 5 flour mills, 4 saw mills, 1 cotton 
factory, 1 iron foundry, 1 glass manufactory, and 2 earthen- 
ware manufactories. It contained 11 churches, and 103 pupils 
attending academies or other schools. The county contains 
coal and iron ore. Population, 5,054, of whom 5,023 were free, 
and 31 slaves. 

Brooklynn, a post-village of Halifax county, Virginia, about 
140 miles S. W. from Eichmond. 

Brooklynn, a thriving post-village of Halifax county, Vir- 
ginia, 145 miles S. W. from Eichmond. 

Brookneal, a small post-village in Campbell county, Vir- 
ginia, 120 miles W. S. W. from Eichmond. 

Brooksville, a post-office of Albemarle county, Virginia, 100 
miles W. by N. from Eichmond. 

Brownsburg, a post-village of Kockbridge county, Virginia, 
143 miles W. from Eichmond, contains a few stores and mills. 
Population, about 200. 

Brown's Cove, a post-office of Albemarle county, Virginia, 
109 miles W. N. W. from Eichmond. 

Brownsville, a post-office of Greenbrier county, Virginia. 
Brucetown, a small post-village of Frederick county, Va. 
Bruington, a post-office of King and Queen county, Virginia. 



188 



PETERSBURG BUSIx\ESS DIRECTORY. 



. L. MORTON, 

IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN 



'^13^9 Ki 



W 



m 



-A^TSriD 



'^ 



N. B. — Agents for the sale of all kinds of Coal and Wrought 
Mill Irons, and French Burr and Esojias Mill Stones. 



S^^.^Ji^SDi 



rsrzm^^'^''^'''i'^mi.vs 



LBSiiDiSDa mD.1 A6«' 1 






PETERSBTJUG 



JOHN A. MUIR. 



CHARLES S. BRYAN. 
9 

IMPOETEES AND WHOLESALE DEALERS IN 



^S. &c. 




assESjasjs^sa<s=. 



BU GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 189 

Brunswick, a county in the S. S. E. part of Virginia, border- 
ing on North Carolina, has an area of 600 square miles. The 
Nottaway river forms its N. E. boundary, the Eoanoke touches 
its S. W. extremity, and the Meherrin river flows through the 
middle of the county from W. to E. The surface is some- 
what undulating ; the soil of medium quality. The exhausted 
lands have recently been improved by the use of guano and 
other manures. Tobacco,, Indian corn, wheat, oats, sweet 
potatoes, hay, and cotton are the staples. In 1850 this county 
produced 2,155,017 pounds of tobacco ; 394,200 bushels of corn ; 
79,287 of wheat; 98,782 of oats; 34,959 of sweet potatoes; 
2,889 tons of hay, and 108 bales of cotton. There were 3 tan- 
neries, and 1 agricultural implement manufactory. It con- 
tained 11 churches, 108 pupils attending public schools, and 164 
attending academies or other schools. It is intersected by a 
plank-road leading to Petersburg. Organized in 1720. Cap- 
ital, Lawrenceville. Population, 13,894, of whom 5,438 were 
free, and 8,456 slaves. 

Buchanan^ a village of Botetourt county, Virginia, on James 
river, 181 miles W. from Kichmond, and opposite the village of 
Pattonsburg, with which it is connected by a fine bridge. It is 
situated in a beautiful valley, at the head of navigation, and 
has an active trade. Both villages together contain 3 or 4 
churches, 1 bank, 1 printing office, and several tobacco fac- 
tories and mills. Incorporated in 1832. This place is con- 
nected with Kichmond by the James Kiver canal, and has a 
turnpike extending to Salem. 

Buchanan River, in the N. W. part of Virginia, rises in Ran- 
dolph county, and flowing in a N. N. E. course, enters the Ty- 
gart's Valley river a little above Philippi, in Barbour county. 

BucKHANNON, a post-ofiice of Upshur county, Virginia. 

Buckingham, a county in the S. E. central part of Virginia, 
has an area of 680 square miles. The James river forms its 
boundary on the N. and N. W., the Appomattox washes the 
Southern border ; it is also drained by Willis and Slate rivers. 
The surface varies from level to hilly : Willis mountain, in the 
S. E. part, is the principal elevation. The soil is not naturally 
rich, excepting in the vicinity of the rivers. Tobacco, Indian 
corn, wheat, oats, and live stock are the staples. In 1850 this 
county produced 304,711 bushels of corn; 133,819 of wheat; 



190 



PETERSBURG BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



E3 T" Ea lO- 




S IB XJ 3FL Gfc- , 

IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN 

ENGLISH, GERMAN AND AMERICAN 



:w ^ IS 1 



CUTELRY, GUMS, 

Mill Stones, Mill Irons, 

BOI.TIITG CLOTH, 

Leather and India Eubber 

c. 



AT LOWEST PEICES 



JULIUS ROBINSON, 

(SUCCESSOR TO NEWMAN & GREENTREE,) 

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALER IN 

Heahj-IIIak Clntljing, 

Of every Description, 

West side of Sycamore street, 

Next to the Confectionery Store of S. H. Marks & Son, 

1^ IB ^ ig la ^ 12 w la (a a 

Is prepared to furnish all kinds of Goods pertaining to his line of busi- 
ness with dispatch, and at the very lowest prices. 

JS@^ COUNTRY MEECHANTS who purchase goods from 
me, and do not sell in the season in which they are bought, 
can return them and receive new goods for the next season. 

JULIUS ROBINSON. 




BU GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 191 

117,091 of oats; 2,342,987 pounds of tobacco, and 83,480 of 
butter. There were 2 flour and grist mills, 3 saw mills, and 1 
tannery. It contained 19 churches, 194 pupils attending public 
schools, and 96 attending academies or other schools. Gold 
mines are worked in the vicinity of Willis mountain, and yield 
large profits. Valuable slate quarries have been opened on the 
bank of Slate river, and iron is found in the county. The 
Buckingham White Sulphur springs were once more frequented 
than at present. The James River canal passes along the bor- 
der of the county. Organized in 1761, and named from Buck- 
ingham, a county of England. Capital, Maysville. Popula- 
tion, 13,837, of whom 5,676 were free, and 8,161 slaves. 

Buckingham Court-House, a post-office of Buckingham county 
Virginia. 

Buckingham Mine, a post-office of Buckingham county, Va. 

BucKLAND, a small post-village of Prince William county, 
Virginia, 116 miles N. from Richmond, contains 1 church and 
a few shops. 

BuENA Vista Furnace, a post-office of Rockbridge county, 
Virginia. 

Buffalo, a thriving post-village of Putnam county, Vir- 
ginia, is pleasantly situated on the Great Kanawha river, 21 
miles from its mouth, and 340 miles W. by N. from Richmond. 
It has excellent facilities for trade and manufactures, and is 
the most important place in the county. The hills in the vi- 
cinity contain large bodies of bituminous coal and iron ore. 
Population, about 400. 

Buffalo Ford, a post-office of Wythe county, Virginia. 

Buffalo Forge, a post-office of Rockbridge county, Virginia, 
156 miles W. from Richmond. 

Buffalo Gap, a post-office of Augusta county, Virginia. 

Buffalo Springs, a post-office of Amherst county, Virginia. 

Buford's, a post-office of Bedford county, Virginia. 

Bull Creek, a post-office of Wood county, Virginia. 

Bulltown, a post-office of Braxton county, Virginia. 

Bunger's Mill, a post-office of Greenbrier county, Virginia. 

Bunker Hill, a post-office of Bedford county, Virginia. 

Burgess's Store, a post-office of Northumberland county, Va. 

Burke's Garden, a post-office of Tazewell county, Virginia. 

Burke's Station, a post-office of Fairfax county, Virginia. 



192 



mCHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



ITGHELL & TYLEE, 
:e^tc^:es: im: o kt x>. 




DEALERS IN 




SZXj^VJiSJrL 



MILITARY 



AND 



GOI.B9 SILVER, 
STEEL, 



^JJfSS 



TORTOISE SHELL 



i^l€TA€&^-^ 




Of best qaality and in great variety. Glasses fitted to same. 

Ji@^ Particular attention paid to WATCH WORK in all 
its branches. 



CA GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 193 

BuEKESViLLE, a post-village of Prince Edward county, Vir- 
ginia, on the Kichmond and Danville railroad, at its junction 
with, the South Side railroad, 52 miles W. from Petersburg. 

Burlington, a small village of Koanoke county, Virginia. 

Burlington, a stnall village of Hampshire county, Virginia, 
on Patterson's creek, 205 miles N. W. from Richmond. 

BuRNERSViLLE, a post-offico of Barhour county, Virginia. 

Burning Spring, a post-office of Wirt county, Virginia. 

Burnt Ordinary, a post-office of James City county, Va. 

BuRNTViLLE, a post-officc of Bruuswick county, Virginia. 

Burwell's Bay, a post-office of Isle of Wight county, Va. 

Bush's Mills, a post-office of Lewis county, Virginia. 

Butcher's Store, a post-office of Eandolph county, Virginia. 

Cabell, a county in the W. part of Virginia, bordering on 
the Ohio river, which separates it from the State of Ohio, has an 
area of 448 square miles. The Guyandotte river flows through 
the county into the Ohio. The surface is uneven ; the soil 
partly fertile. Indian corn and oats are the staples. In 1850 
this county produced 281,826 bushels of corn, and 44,912 of 
oats. "ftLere were 9 flour and grist mills, 9 saw mills, 4 wool- 
carding mills, and 4 tanneries. It contained 14 churches, 2*74 
pupils attending public schools, and 20 attending an academy. 
The main thoroughfare from Richmond to the Ohio river passes 
through the county. Formed in 1809, and named in honor of 
William H. Cabell, governor of Virginia in 1808. Capital, 
Barboursville. Population 6299, of whom 5910 were free, and 
389 slaves. 

Cabell Court House, a post-office of Cabell county, Virginia. 

Cabin Point, a small post-village in Surry county, Virginia. 

Cacapon, pronounced cap'on, or Great Cacapon, a river in 
the north part of Virginia, rises among the Allegany moun- 
tains in Hardy county ; flows through Hampshire and Morgan 
counties, and falls into the Potomac about 4 miles west from 
Bath or Berkeley springs. Its general course is N. N. E., and 
its whole length is estimated at near 140 miles. It flows 
through a mountainous region, abounding in iron and stone 
coal, and affords a copious supply of water-power. The Little 
Cacapon traverses Hampshire county, a few miles west from the 
river just described, and enters the Potomac 5 miles below the 
junction of the main branches of that river, 

25 



194 



RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



SHjTTESII T^ JES jo jA. Tj 

Awarded by the First Virginia Mechanics' Institute, 



IVoveniber 16, IS 51, 



^ 



lllilb iililjiiuP ^illiujl 'IIIIUI'IUII 'I'llllllHIiiii 'iuiiuiui ''liiiiiiiii 'iiyii 
151 MAIN STREET, EAGLE SQUARE, 
Ca IS CS 0£2 JSiQ C£> S2r l^i o 
Likenesses taken equally well in all weather, and from tlie smallest size to tlie size of life. Call 
and see the extensive eoUeetion of speeiniens, — anmnir tlieni are doiibtle.s.s many of your own friends. 

OSBORNE'S GREAT NATIONAL 




OPPOSITE THE EXCHANGE BANK. 

Every department eonnected wUh this establishment has been fitted up in superb order. GILT 
CORNICES, -with our NATION'S STz\KS AND STlilPKS, ornament the many windows. The 
ladies' dressing room will be found lacking in nothing that will add to the comfort of the visiters. The 
floors are covered with beautiful carpet— the walls with rich satin paper. Portraits of all our eminent 
Statesmen adorn the walls— large Chandeliers ornament the place. 

The SKY-LIGIIT is the very best that can be built. The work-room is furnished with one of W. 
H. Lewis' Patent Buffing Machines. 

None can form an idea of this establishment without paying it a visit. All the proprietor asks is a 
call, to satisfy one and all that he has no need of self-praise, or need of humbugging the people with 
Jies!i-ii)iU,—ncl\.heT does he need to advertise to work for nothing. His motto is, fair prices and 
Ooodxcork. A. J. OSBORNK. 

10^ One of NUNNS & CLARK'S PIANOS kept for the use of the ladies. 



CA GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 195 

Cacapon Depot, a post-office of Morgan county, Virginia. 

Cacaponvtlle, a post-office of Hampshire county, Virginia. 

Ca Ira, a post-village of Cumberland county, Virginia, on 
Willis river, 60 miles west from Richmond, has a church, a 
flour mill, and a few shops. 

Calfpasture Rrv'ER, Virginia. See North River. 

Callaghans, a post-office of Allegany county, Virginia. 

Callands, a post-office of Pittsylvania county, Virginia. 

Campbell, a county in the south part of Virginia, has an area 
of 576 square miles. James river forms its boundary on the 
North, and Staunton river on the South ; it is also drained by 
Otter and Falling rivers. The surface is hilly and broken, the 
soil generally productive. Tobacco, Indian corn, wheat, oats, 
and hay are the staples. The uplands are partly covered with 
forests of the oak and pine. In 1850 the county produced 
2,534,730 pounds of tobacco ; 339,267 bushels of corn; 100,500 
of wheat; 167,254 of oats, and 2168 tons of hay. There were 
36 tobacco factories, 1 cotton and woolen factory, 5 flour mills 
and 4 iron foundries. It contained 42 churches, 3 newspaper 
offices ; 344 pupils attending public schools, and 650 attending 
academies and other schools. Iron ore is found, and granite is 
abundant in the county. The James River canal passes along 
the northern border. The Virginia and Tennessee railroad, 
and the South side railroad, connect with each other at Lynch- 
burg, the chief town of the county. Organized in 1784, and 
named in honor of General William Campbell, an officer in the 
war of the Revolution. Capital, Campbell Court House. Pop- 
ulation, 23,245, of whom 12,379 were free, and 10,866 slaves. 

Campbell Court House, a small village, capital of Campbell 
county, Virginia, 130 miles W. S. W. from Richmond, and 12 
miles S. from Lynchburg. 

Canicello, a post-office of Rockbridge county, Virginia. 

Cannaday Gap, a post-office of Floyd county, Virginia. 

Cape Charles, the southern point of Northampton county Va., 
at the entrance of Chesapeake bay, 25 miles N. N. E. from Nor- 
folk. The lighthouse is N. E. from Cape Charles, on the North 
end of Smith's Island, and shows a revolving light, about 65 
feet above the level of the sea. Lat. 37° 3' N., Ion. 76° 2' W. 

Cape Henry, on the N. E. coast of Virginia, at the entrance 
of Chesapeake bay, on the S. side 12 miles S. by W. from Cape 



196 



RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



BOOK AND STATIONERY WAREHOUSE. 
A. MORRIS, 

BOOKSELLER, 

STATIOIER & PUBLISHER, 

PIANOS, 

And other Musical Instru- 
ments, as well as 

FfflCy GOODS, 

PAINTINGS, 

ENGRAVINGS, &c. 

97 IVIAIIV STREET, 

Has constantly on hand, and for 
sale at moderate prices, a gen- 
^^' eral assortment of 




S) 



LAW, MBBlCAli, RELIGIOUS AND 

MISCELLA^NEOXJS BOOKS, 

In every department of L-iterature, Science and Art. 



S» TJ lO Xj I SJ XI Ein O I" 

CALL'S VIRGINIA REPORTS, [6 vols.] WASHINGTON'S REPORTS, [2 
Vols.] TATE'S INDEX TO THE VIRGINIA REPORTS, TATE'S 
AMERICAN FOllIVl BOOK,— TUCKER'S COMMENTARIES ON THE 
LAWS OF VIRGINIA,— ROBINSON'S PRACTICE, and other Law Books. 



CA GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 197 

Charles. Lat. 36° 56' K, Ion. "76° 4' W. On it is a fixed light, 
120 feet above the level of the sea. 

Capeville, a post-village of Northampton county, Virgihia, 
on the E. side of Chesapeake bay. 

Capon Bridge, a post-office of Hampshire county, Virginia. 

Capon Springs, a post office of Hampshire county, Virginia. 

Carlton's Store, a post-office of King and Queen county, 
Virginia. 

Caroline, a county in the E. part of Virginia, has an area of 
about 480 square miles. The Kappahannock forms its bound- 
ary on the N., and the Mattapony flows through the count3^ 
The surface is uneven ; the soil near the rivers is fertile. In- 
dian corn, wheat, and tobacco are the staples. In 1850 this 
county produced 629,994 bushels of corn; 173,353 of wheat, 
and 663,155 pounds of tobacco. There were 42 flour, grist, and 
saw mills, 2 manufactories of coaches, 2 of agricultural imple- 
ments, and three tanneries. It contained 28 churches ; 616 
pupils attending public schools, and 115 attending academies 
or other schools. The Federicksburg and Richmond railroad 
passes through the county. Organized in 1727. Capital 
Bowling Green. Population, 18,456, of whom 7795 were free, 
10,661 slaves. 

Carroll, a county in the S. S. W. part of Virginia, bordering 
on North Carolina, has an area of 440 square miles. The New 
river, or Kanawha, flows along the western border of the 
county, which is also drained by Reedy Island river and Chest- 
nut creek. The Blue Ridge forms its boundary on the S. E. 
Much of the land is rough and hilly ; the greater part, how- 
ever, is well adapted to grazing. Indian corn, wheat, oats, 
hay, horses, cattle, and swine are the staples. In 1850 this 
county produced 132,189 bushels of corn ; 11,578 of wheat ; 
82,847 of oats ; 2,715 tons of hay, and 56,178 pounds of but- 
ter. There were 2 grist mills, 3 iron forges, and 3 tanneries. 
It contained 12 churches, and 900 pupils attending public 
schools. Copper, iron ore, and lead are found in the county. 
The Grayson Sulphur Springs, on the bank of New river, have 
some reputation as a place of summer resort. It is intersected 
by two new turnpike-roads. Organized 1842, having been pre- 
viously included in Floyd county. Capital, Hillsville. Popu- 
lation, 5909, of whom 5755 were free, and 154 slaves. 



198 



RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



AUG. ANDERSON. ALEXIUS GEEENE. J. A. HAWES. 

AUG. ANDERSON & CO, 

MANUFACTURERS & JOBBERS OF 

if iiiw d mm §mm, 

AND 

o^ 3 ££? OS s^a cs;> :e:^ ::& o 

E. B. KEELING, 
3MC E! n. O H -A. 3!«fir ^ TT-A-IIjOH., 

AND DEALSB IN 

GENTLEMEN'S 




136 Main Street, 

2d Door below 12th, 

SU !S IS !ffl ® 53 ID o 

Shirts, Collars, 
Bosoms, Stocks, 
Cravats, 

Dressing Robes, 
Ties, Scarfs, 
Hosiery, Gloves, 
Suspenders, 
Drawers, 
Under Shirts, 
Handkerchiefs, &c. 

Strangers and citizens gen- 
erally are invited to call and 
examine my extensive stock 
of fashionably made 

CLOTHIMG, 

Consisting of every variety of 

Made from goods of the bc»t 
importation and in the best 
and neatest style. Also on 
hand 

CLOTHS, 

DOESKIN CASSIMERES 

vEsracs- 

Of every description. 



CE GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 199 

Carrsville, a post-office of I. of Wight county, Virginia. 

Carter's Bridge, a post-office of Albemarle county, Virginia, 
91 miles W. by N. from Eiclimond. 

Cartersville, a village of Cumberland county, Virginia, on 
the James river and canal, 47 miles W. from Richmond. It 
has 1 church, several stores, and about 50 dwellings. 

Cascade, a post-office of Pittsylvania county, Virginia. 

Cassville, a post-office of Monongalia county, Virginia. 

Castle Craig, a post-office of Campbell county, Virginia. 

Castleman's Ferry, a post-office of Clark county, Virginia. 

Castleton, a post-office of Culpepper county, Virginia. 

Catawba Creek, in the S. W. central part of Virginia, flows 
north-eastward through Roanoke county, and enters the James 
river in Botetourt county. 

Catawba, a post-office of Botetourt county, Virginia. 

Cave Spring, a post-office of Roanoke county, Virginia. 

Cedar Bluff, a post-office of Tazewell county, Virginia. 

Cedar Creek, a post-office of Frederick county, Virginia. 

Cedar Fields, a post-office of Isle of Wight county, Vir- 
ginia. 

Cedar G-rove Mills, a post-office of Rockbridge county, Vir- 
ginia, 145 miles W. from Richmond. 

Cedar Hill, a post-office of Augusta county, Virginia. 

Cedar Mount, a post-office of Wythe county, Virginia. 

Cedar Point, a post-office of Page county, Virginia. 

Cedar Run, a creek in the N. E. part of Virginia, rises in 
Fauquier county, flows E., and unites with Broad run, near 
Brentsville, in Prince William county, forming the Occoquan. 

Cedar Spring, a post-office of Wythe county, Virginia. 

Cedarville, a post-office of Washington county, Virginia. 

Central Plains, a post-office of Fluvanna county, Virginia. 

Central Point, a post-office of Caroline county, Virginia. 

Centre Cross, a post-office of Essex county, Virginia. 

Centreville, a post-village of Fairfax county, Virginia, 27 
miles W. from Washington, contains 1 church, and a few 
stores. Population, about 250. 

Centreville, a small village of Monroe county, Virginia, on 
Indian creek, about 240 miles W. from Richmond. 

Centreville, a small village of Tyler county, Virginia, on 
Middle Island creek, 16 miles from the Ohio river, and 7 mile's 



200 



RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



S. S. STEVENS' 

m CO 



JJ 



JJD 



SHOCKOE HILL, 

3aS€]i]M(0)l]B>o 
IB® AMIDnM© AMIE) IS) AY mmOQlho 

This Institution occupies the splendid Mansion formerly owned by- 
Judge Mason, on the 

CORNER OF FRANKLIN AND ADAMS STREETS. 

The location is one of the most beautiful, convenient and healthy, in the 
city. The grounds and buildings are extensive, and afford the choicest 
accommodations adapted to the design of the Institution. The apartments 
are spacious and fitted up in a style of cheerfulness and comfort. The 
j course of Instruction pursued is extensive, embracing all the important 
' branches taught in our best Seminaries. Experienced and accomplished 
teachers are secured in all departments. 

C. WALTHALL, 

Xji XT TUC IB :E3 FL 

AND 

Canal Street, bet^veen 6th and 7th, 

• [E D © [MI [Ml © INl P « 

ROYAL PARRISH, 



ceiiiaei iescmit, 

OFFICE, 
FEARIi STREET, IVEAR THE BRIDGE, 

REFERS TO THE MERCHANTS OF RICHMOND OENERALIiY. 



CH 



GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 



201 



from Middlebourn, the county seat. It has turnpikes leading 
in several directions, and contains a number of stores. 

Chalk Level, a post-office of Pittsylvania county, Virginia. 

Chambers' Mills, a post-office of Buckingham county, Va. 

Chambllssburg, a post-village of Bedford county, Virginia, 
150 miles W. by S. from Kichmond. 

Chancellorsvillb, a post-village of Spottsylvania county, Vir- 
ginia, 76 miles N. by W. from- Richmond. 

Chantilly, a post-office of Fairfax county, Virginia. 

Chapmanville, a post-office of Logan county, Virginia. 

Charlemont, a post-office of Bedford county, Virginia. 

Charles City, a county in the S. E. part of Virginia, has an 





W. H. H ARTwISON. 
Born in this county, February 9, 1773. 



•JOHN TYLER, 
Born in this county, March 29, 1790. 



area of 184 square miles. James river forms its entire bound- 
ary on the S. and the Chickahoiiiiny on the K and E. The sur- 
face is rolling. Indian corn and wheat are the staples. In 
1850 this county produced 178,940 bushels of corn, and 81,229 
of wheat. There were six saw mills. It contain 13 churches, 
92 pupils attending academies or other schools. James river is 
navigable by steamboats on the border of the county. Charles 
City was one of the eight original shires into which Vir- 
ginia was divided in 1634. It has given birth to two Presidents 
of the United States, Harrison and Tyler. Capital, Charles 
City Court House. Population, 5,200, of whom 2,436 were free, 
and 2764 slaves. • 

Charles City Court House, a post-village, capital of Charles 
City county, Virginia, 30 miles S. S. E. from Eichmond. 



26 



202 



RICHMOJ^D BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



MHS. PELLET'S 

ISro((€l Sireet, opposite the City HaU^ 





ScV ^ 



M 



Hi. LEFEBYM'S SCHOOL, 

(successor to JI 11 S . JI E A I) , ) 

Corner of Grace and Foushee Streets^ 

3FL X c:? :e3: im: o kt 33 - 



^ Board from October to July first $200 00 

Washing do do 20 00 

English Tuition do do 40 00 

Modern Languages, each 20 00 

Latin '-^0 00 

Music on Piano, Guitar, Harp, each 80 00 

Vocal Music 80 00 

Drawing 20 00 

Painting in Oil 50 00 

N. B. The French language is spoken exlusively in the fam- 
ily of the Principal. — No extra charges. All letters to he di- 
rected to HUBEKT P. LEFEBVRE, A. M., Principal 



lOth Street, between Main and Cary, 

S a S H El © s , 

Is now prepared to execute orders for all 
kinds of plain and ornamental 




On the most reasonable terms. Also all kinds of BELLS made to order. 
N. B. Highest price paid for Old Metals. 



CH GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 203 

Charleston, ;iliand,s(3me post-town, capital of Kanawha county, 
Virginia, is situated on the North hank of the Great Kanawha 
river, at the junction of Elk, 60 miles from the Ohio, 308 miles 
from Richmond. The river at this place is about 300 yards 
wide, and is uavigahle for steamhoats 16 miles ahove. The 
principal thoroughfare from the S. W. to tlie Virginia Springs 
and Richmond passes through it; the great Railroad from Cov- 
ington to the Ohio river, when completed, will doubtless bring 
large accessions to its rapidly increasing trade and importance. 
Its principal street extends about two miles on the bank of 
the Kanawha. It contains a court house, a jail, a large 
number of stores, of all kinds, several steam mills, saw and 
flour mills, tan-yards, cooper shops, &c. ; 4 or 5 churches, 
schools, a branch bank, 4 hotels, a printing office, from which 
is issued the old and well established weekly paper, Kanawha 
Republican, and about 250 dwelling houses. Population, about 
2000. The county courts are held on the second Monday in 
every month ; quarterly, in March, June, August, and Novem- 
ber. The district court of the United States is held here twice 
each year. The county around contains abundance of iron, coal, 
and salt springs. 

Charlestown, a flourishing })Ost-village, capital of JeiFerson 
county, Virginia, on the Winclicster and Potomac railroad, 168 
miles N. from Richmond, 60 miles N. W. from Washington, and 
8 miles S. W. from Harper's Ferry. It is surrounded by a fer- 
tile and beautiful region, which forms part of the Valley of 
Virginia. Colonel Charles Washington, a brother of General 
Washington^ resided at this place, and was the proprietor of 
the land on which the town is built. Charlestown contains 3 
or 4 churches, 1 academy, 1 bank, and about a dozen stores. 
Population estimated at 1500. 

Charlotte county, in the S. S. E. part of Virginia, has an area 
of 550 square miles. Stauton river washes its entire S. W. bor- 
der. The surface is uneven ; the soil is partly fertile and partly 
poor. Tobacco, Indian corn, wheat, and oats are the staples. 
In 1850 this county produced 3,868,040 pounds of tobacco ; 
3*72,867 bushels of corn ; 85,653 of wheat; and 171,872 of oats. 
There was one tannery, besides some other establishments. It 
contained 25 churches, and 43G pupils attending public schools. 
The Richmond and Danville railroad passes through the county. 



204 



NORFOLK BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



3xr o n 3P o Xj 151 





NORFOLK 




This Institution of lecarning, established by KUTH S. KOBIN- 
SON, for the purpose of advancing tlie interests of female edu- 
cation, was oijened for the reception of pupils, January, 1845. 

It employs eight Teachers. Its course of study is compre- 
hensive ; it embraces a period of eight years. 



T E R M: B . 

The Tuition of the fust four years $32 00 

The Tuition of the second do 50 00 

Drawing 10 00 

Painting in Water Colors 10 00 

Painting in Oil Colors 20 00 

Colored Crayoning 20 00 

Wax Flowers 20 00 

Shell Work 20 00 

Vocal Music 10 00 

Instrumental Music— Piano 40 00 

Guitar 30 00 

Harp 60 00 

Use of Library 1 00 

School-room expenses 1 00 

Board 120 00 



CH GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 205 

Formed from Lunenburg in 1794. Capital, Marysville. Popu- 
lation, 13,955, of wliom 496*7 were free, and 8988 slaves. 

Charlottes\t:lle, a flourishing town, capital of Albemarle 
county, Virginia, on the right bank of the Kivanna river, and 
on the Central railroad, 81 miles W. by K from Kichmond, and 
123 miles S. W. from Washington. It is beautifully situated in 
a fertile valley, and is connected by railroad with Eichmond 
and other towns. One mile W. from the town is the University 
of Virginia, which was founded in 1819, under the auspices of 
Thomas Jefferson, and is endowed by the State. In 1852 it had 
400 students, and a library of 18,000 volumes. An observatory 
is attached to this institution. Monticello, the residence of 
Jefferson, who was a native of Albemarle county, is 3 miles dis- 
tant. Charlottesville contains churches of the Presbyterians, 
Episcopalians, Baptists, and Methodists, 2 banks, and 4 news- 
paper offices. Population in 1853, about 2600. 

Chatham, a post-office of Smyth county, Virginia. 

Chatham Hill, a post-office of Smyth county, Virginia. 

Cheat Bridge, a post-office of Preston county, Virginia. 

Cheat Kiver, of Virginia, the largest affluent of the Mononga- 
hela, is formed by the junction of the Laurel, Glade, Shavers, 
and Dry forks, which rise among the Allegany mountains, 
near the northern border of the Pocahontas county, and unite 
in the N. central part of Kandolph county. Flowing thence N 
and N. W. through Preston and Monongalia counties, it enters 
the Monongahela at the S. W. extremity of Fayette county, 
Pennsylvania. It traverses a hilly country, abounding in stone 
coal and iron, and well adapted to grazing. It is navigable 40 
miles above Kowlesburg, (on the Baltimore and Ohio railroad,) 
though not in the lower part of its course, and furnishes fine 
water-power at several places. 

Cherry Hill, a post-office of Brooke county, Virginia. 

Cherry Stone, a post-office of Northampton county, Virginia. 

Chesapeake bay, the largest bay in the United States, enters 
Virginia between Cape Charles and Cape Henry, lat. about 37° 
N., Ion. 76° W., and extends into Maryland as far as 39° 36' K 
lat., 76° 3' W. Ion. The length, following the curve, is about 
200 miles ; the breadth varies from 4 to 40 miles. The distance 
from Cape Charles to Cape Henry is about 12 miles. Probably 
no other bay on the globe is marked with so many arms or es- 



206 



NORFOLK BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



CIIAS. II. EOWLAND. TIIOS. B. ROWLAND. G. WM. ROWLAND. * 




Commission Mercliants, 

riff o TE^ :f" o Xj des. . 




GBORGE I.. CROW'S 

WATEK STKEET, NOllFOlLIi, 
ROOFER, C P P E R S :\r I T n , I' L U ]\t B E R, & c . 

Copper, Tin, Japan, and Sheet Iron Ware, &c. 





A new anil superior article possessinii advantagos 
over all others, iu giving suftieient warnitli, a lull 
supply (if iinlninit air. produoing in the apartments 
warmed a delightfully agreeable ^atmosphere of sum- 
mer temi>eraturi', re<|'uiriiig liltle attention, easily reg- 
ulated, eonsmiHs lilllo tuel, very heavy and durable, 
and lower in price tlian anv. 

LATKOllE HKATKUS'.-ind other kinds put up at 
sliort niitice on mcider.'ite terms 

A WE"W AND SUPHRIOB. COOKIKTG HAUGE, 

Embracing all the modern improvements, emliracing I'.eanty, I)urai)ility and Economy in the use of 
fuel, with perfect efficiency in operation. The simiilicity of its construction, and tlie consequent facil- 
ity with which it is managed, partlcul.irlv commen<l it to the attention of tliose in want of a FUiST 
CLASS COOKlNt} RANGE or STOVE. ' 



CH GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 207 

tuaries as the Chesapeake, These are of various dimensions 
and of the most fantastic forms. While many of them serve as 
outlets or reservoirs to the waters of the different rivers of 
Maryland and Virginia, others are scarcely fed by any jierma- 
nent stream, being nothing more than mere arms or projec- 
tions from the sea. The depth of the Chesapeake is sufficient 
for the largest ships to ascend the main bay nearly to the mouth 
of the Susquehanna. >South-wcst from Cape Henry the rivers, 
harbors, and sounds are shallow; but with the Chesa})eake com- 
mence deep bays which continue at no great distance from each 
other to the N. E. extemity of the Atlantic coast of the United 
States. The region drained by the Chesapeake bay, and the 
rivers flowing into it, embraces an area of about 70,000 square 
miles. 

Chesterfield, a county in the S. E. part of Virginia, has an 
area of 300 square miles. Tlie Appomattox river forms its 
whole soutliern/boundary, and the James river on tlie N. E. sep- 
arates it from Henrico county and Richmond city. The surface 
is uneven, and the soil inferior, except the river bottoms. In- 
dian corn, wheat, and oats arc the staples. In 1850 this 
country produced 333,938 bushels of corn ; 95,875 of wheat ; 
116,690 of oats, and 218,562 pounds of tobacco. It contains 5 
cotton factories, coal mines, and one iron foundry. There 
were 34 churches, and 567 pupils attending public schools. 
Coal is procured in considerable quantities from the mines of 
this count3^ The Eichmond and Petersburg railroad passes 
through it. The county was formed from Henrico in 1748. 
Capital, Chesterfield Court House. Population, 17,489, of whom 
8873 were free, and 8616 slaves. 

Chesterfield Court House, a post-village, capital of Chester- 
field county, Virginia, about 12 miles S. S. W. from Richmond. 

Chestnut GtROVe, a thriving post-village of Pittsylvania 
county, Virginia, near Sandy creek, 173 miles W. S. W. from 
Richmond, contains 3 stores, several tobacco factories, and about 
100 inhabitants. 

Chickahominy river, in the S. E. part of Virginia, rises in 
Hanover county and falls into York river about 8 miles above 
Jamestown. It divides Henrico and Charles City counties on 
the right from Hanover, New Kent, and James City counties on 
the left. It furnishes extensive water-power. 



208 



NORFOLK BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 




Rev. ARISTIDBS S. SMITH, A. M., 

3F»H.I3Xrc:JI3F»-A.Xji. 

• W»» I 

This Institution was designed to lurtiish to parents in the South ascliool 
in which they can secure for their daughters a thorough, practical, accom- 
plished and Christian education; and it is believed that it offers advantages 
equal to any that can be obtained elsewhere. 

The buildings are spacious and elegant, and are situated in a retired and 
pleasant part of the city. The grounds attached to the Institute, embracing 
three-fourths of an entire square, are ornamented with a profusion of trees 
and shrubbery, and furnish ample room for both amusement and exercise. 

The course of study is extensive, and is designed not only to aid the 
pupil in the acquisition of knowledge, but also to discipline the mind and 
train it to correct habits of thought and reffection. 

The last Annual Catalogue shows a list of 126 pupils from six States, 
and nine instructors, all of them, with one exception, gentlemen of high at- 
tainments in their respective departments, and of much experience in the 
business of teaching. The Teacher of French, a native of France, and 
a lady of refined manners and finished education, resides in the Institute, 
and thus affords the boarding pupils peculiar facilities for learning to speak 
the language ffuently and correctly. 

TERMS, PER SESSION OP FIVE MONTHS. 

Payable one half in advance, September 15th and the remainder in February 15. 

Board, Wasliing, Bed, Bedding, Fuel and Lights $175 00 

Tuition in English Branches, 50 00 

" " Modern Languages, each 20 00 

«» " Drawing and Painting, 20 00 

" '• Music on Piano or Guitar, with use of Instruments, $55, 75 00 

" " Vocal Music, ^0 00 

\X E F li: R E N C E S : 
liightKev. Wni. Meade, D. D., and Pvt Eev. J. .Tohns, D. D., of Virginia. Et. Kev. Thomas At- 
kinson, D. D., of N. C, Eight Eev. N. H. Cobb, D. D., Ala., Eev. E. M. Forbes, Elizabeth City, 
N. CjEev. L. L. Smith, Warrenton, N. C. 



CL GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 209 

Chickahominy, a post-office of Hanover county, Virginia. 

Childress's Store, a post-office of Montgomery county, Va. 

Chincoteague, a post-office of Accomack county, Virginia. 

CiiRiSTiANSBURG a post-village, capitol of Montgomery county^ 
Virginia, on the stage route from Riclimond to Nashville, and 
on the Virginia and Tennessee railroad, 200 miles West by South 
from the former. It was laid out in 1792, and contains 2 churches 
and 1 bank. Population in 1853, about 500. 

Christiansville, a small post-village in Mecklenburg county, 
Virginia, about 77 miles South West from Richmond. 

Chuckatuck, a post-village of Nansemond county, Virginia, 
10 miles North from Suffolk, the county seat. 

Church Hill, a post-office of Halifax county, Virginia. 

Churchview, a post-office of Middlesex county, Virginia. 

Churchville, a post-village of Augusta county, Virginia, on 
the turnpike from Staunton to Parkersburg, 128 miles North 
West from Richmond, contains 2 churches, 2 stores, and 2 
schools. 

CiRCLEViLLE, a post-officc of Loudoun county, Virginia. 

City Point, a post-village and port of entry of Prince George 
county, Virginia, on James river, at the mouth of the Appo- 
mattox, 34 miles South East from Richmond, and 10 miles E. 
N. E. from Petersburg. There is a good landing here, at which 
the large vessels engaged in the trade of Richmond and Peters- 
burg receive and discharge their cargoes. The Appomattox 
railroad extends from this place to Petersburg. 

Clarke, a county in the North East part of Virginia, has an 
area of 208 square miles. It is traversed by the Shenandoah 
river, and also drained by Opequan creek. It occupies part of 
the Great Valley of Virginia, which extends along the North 
West base of the Blue Ridge. The surface is beautifully diver- 
sified ; the soil is based on blue limestone, and is highly pro- 
ductive. Wheat, Indian corn, oats, hay, butter and live stock, 
are the staples. In 1850 there were raised 306,210 bushels of 
wheat; 166,897 of corn; 36,915 of oats; 2,236 tons of hay, and 
75,314 pounds of butter. There were 7 flour mills, 2 grist mills, 
4 tanneries, and 2 manufactories of cabinet ware. It contained 
11 churches ; 98 pupils attending public schools, and 77 attend- 
ing academies or other schools. This county is intersected by 
the Winchester railroad and by several turnpike-roads. It 

27 ^"^""^^ 



210 



LYNCHBURG BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 





_ JA IT 
iL.-s'i'a'OiaciBXTn.o, 

. G. D A B N E Y 

PROPRIETOR. 




CL GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 211 

was organized in 1836 out of part of Frederick county, and 
named in honor of General George Roger Clark, an officer in 
the war of the Revolution. Capital, Berryville. Population, 
7352 ; of whom 3738 were free, and 3614 slaves. 

Clarksburg, a post-village, capital of Harrison county, Vir- 
ginia, on the W. fork of Monongahela river, at the mouth of 
Elk creek, 220 miles N. W. from Richmond. It is situated on 
a high table-land, environed by hills. It contains 2 or 3 
churches, 2 academies, 2 printing offices, and numerous stores. 
Stone coal abounds in the vicinity. The North- Western rail- 
road, a branch of the Baltimore and Ohio railroad, passes 
through the village. Population in 1853, about 1200. 

Clark's Mills, a post-office of Washington county, Virginia. 

Clarksville, a thriving post-village of Mecklenburg county, 
Virginia, on the S. bank of the Roanoke river, a little below 
the confluence of the Dan and Staunton, 102 miles S. W. from 
Richmond. It has increased more rapidly perhaps during the 
last ten years than any other village in the state. It contains 
3 or 4 churches, 1 bank, and over 1000 inhabitants. About 
2000 hogsheads of tobacco are annually inspected here, and 
sent down the river in batteaux. A railroad is projected from 
this place to the Gaston and Raleigh railroad. 

Clay's Point, a post-office of Lewis county, Virginia. 

Claysville, a small village of Wood county, Virginia, on 
the Little Kanawha river, 7 miles above Parkersburg, has a 
fine water-power and several mills. Population about 100. 

Clear Branch, a post-office of Washington, county, Virginia. 

Clear Fork, a post-office of Tazewell county, Virginia. 

Cleek's Mills, a post-office of Bath county, Virginia, 

Clendenin, a post-office of Kanawha county, Virginia. 

Clift Mills, a post-office of Fauquier county, Virginia. 

Clifton, a post-office of King George county, Virginia. 

Clifton Forge, a post-office of Allegany county, Virginia. 

Clinch River, of Virginia and Tennessee, rises among the 
mountains in the S. W. part of the former State, and flowing S. 
W. into Tennessee, traverses the valley between Clinch and 
Powell mountains, and unites with the Holston and Kingston, 
to form the Tennessee river. Its whole length is estimated at 
above 200 miles. Small boats navigate it for more than half 
that distance. 



212 



LYNCHBURG BUSINESS DIRECTORY 




PKOPRIETOR, 

HAS ALWAYS ON HAND A LAEGEK AND BETTER ASSORTMENT OF 

imiiiiD MAmm wiii 

THAN CAN BE FOUND SOUTH OF BALTIMORE:. 

AU orders from the Country promptly attended to. No extra charge for boxing, and safe delivery guar- 
anteed. I respectfully Invite purchasera to call and examine the large and extensive stock now on hand. 
The Trade furnished with Slabs, Blocks, &c. Address 

JOHN B. GADDESS, liynclibiirg, Va. 



CO GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 213 

Cline's Mill, a post-office of Augusta county, Virginia. 

Clintonsville, a small post-village of Greenbrier county, Vir- 
ginia, 231 miles W. from Eichmond. 

Clover Creek, a post-office of Highland county, Virginia. 

Cloverdale, a post-office of Botetourt county, Virginia, 

Cloverdale Hotel, a post-office of Batli county, Virginia. 

Clo\^r Green, a post-office of Spottsylvania county, Virginia. 

Clover Hill, a pleasant post-village, capital of Appomatox 
county, Virginia, about 100 miles W. from Eichmond, and 20 
miles E. from Lynchburg. It is connected by a plank-road 
with James river, which is nearly 15 miles distant. The vil- 
lage has a handsome court house. 

Club Creek, in the S. part Virginia, flows southward through 
Charlotte county, and enters the Staunton a few miles S. W. 
from Marysville. 

Coal Hill, a post-office of Goochland county, Virginia. 

Coal Eiver, in the W. part of Virginia, rises in Fayette 
county, and flowing in a general N. W. direction, falls in the 
Great Kanawha river, in Kanawha county, after a course of 
probably not less than 60 miles. 

Coal Eiver Marshes, a post-office of Ealeigh county, Virginia- 

Coalsmouth, a post-office of Kanawha county, Virginia. 

CoBHAM, a post-office of Albemarle county, Virginia. 

Coldstream, a post-village of Hampshire county, Virginia, 
20 miles N. W. from Winchester. It has 2 churches, and 1 
flouring mill. 

CoLLiERSTOWN, a post-villagc of Eockbridge county, Virginia, 
154 miles W. from Eichmond. 

Collins Settlement, a post-office of Lewis county, Virginia. 

Columbia, a post-village of Fluvanna county, Virginia, at the 
confluence of the Eivanna and James rivers, and on the James 
Eiver canal, 52 miles W. by N. from Eichmond, contains 1 
church and a few stores. 

Columbia Furnace, a small post-village in Shenandoah county, 
Virginia, about 160 miles K N. W. from Eichmond. 

Columbian Grove, a post-office of Lunenburg county, Virginia, 
1 miles E. from Lunenburg Court House. 

Coman's Well, a post-office of Sussex county, Virginia. 

Competition, a beautiful and thriving post-village, capital of 
Pittsylvania county, Virginia, on a small branch of Banister 



214 



LYNCHBURG BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



H. SILVERTHORN & Co. 



DEALERS IN 







CLOCKS & JE^WELHY, 



Jfl^IJV STREET, 

^ WATCHES and JEWELKY repaired and Engraving executed in the best 
manner. 

DIUGUID & BROTHERS, 

MANUFACTUEEES OF 

SCREWS, PRESSES, MILL GEARING, 

ALL KINDS OF 

IRON AND BRASS CASTINGS 



AND 



EITJVCHBURG. 



BURROUGHS. SHAFER & CO. 

Wholesale and Retail Dealers in 
SUPERIOR 

Ready Jfl ad e 

OF THEIR OWN 

iMANUFACTURE. 
A large assortment of 

IB®^§ mB ¥®W[SS^ 

Servants' Clothing, 

FURlSHIl GOODS, &c. 




CR GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 215 

river, 160 miles, S. W. from Richmond. It is situated in a rich 
farming district, and contains a number of handsome resi- 
dences. 

Concord, a post-office of Appomattox county, Virginia. 

Conrad's Store, a post-office of Rockingham county, Virginia. 

Conway, or Middle river, of Virginia, is a small stream flow- 
ing into the Rapidan, on the boundary between Greene and 
Madison counties. 

Coon's Mill, a post-office of Boone county, Virginia. 

Cooper's, a post-office of Franklin county, Virginia, 172 miles 
W. S. W. from Richmond. 

Cooper's Plains, a post-office of Steuben county, Virginia. 

CoROWAUGH, a post-office of Isle of Wight county, Virginia. 

Cove Creek, a post-office of Tazewell county, Virginia. 

Covesville, a post-village of Albemarle county, Virginia, 103 
miles W. N. W. from Richmond, has 1 church. 

Covington, a flourishing post-village, capital of Alleghany 
county, Virginia, on Jackson's river, a branch of James river, 
196 miles W. by N. from Richmond. It is situated in a beauti- 
ful and healthful region among the Allegany mountains, and 
is to be the terminus of the James River canal, which is com- 
pleted to Buchanan, in the adjoining county. Population in 
1853, about 500. 

CoAVPASTURE RiVER, of Central Virginia, unites with Jackson's 
river, near the E. extremity of Allegany county, forming the 
James river. 

Crab Bottom, a post-office of Highland county, Virginia. 

Crab Orchard, a post-office of Wythe county, Virginia. 

Craig's Creek, in the S. W. central part of Virginia, rises in 
Giles and Montgomery counties, and falls into James river, in , 
Botetourt county, after a course of about 50 miles. 

Craig's Creek, a post-office of Botetourt county, Virginia. 

Craig, a new county in the S. W. central part of Virginia, 
It is drained by the sources of Craig's creek, from which the 
name is derived. The surface is mountainous, the main Alle- 
gany extending along the N. W. border. The soil of the val- 
leys is fertile. Indian corn, wheat, oats, and live stock are the 
staples. The census of 1850 furnishes no returns for this 
county, which was formed since that year out of parts of Giles, 
Botetourt, and Roanoke counties. Capital, Newcastle. | 



216 



LYNCHBURG BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 




WMMIilET®! 8ieU 

OTEY &. HOLT, Proprietors. 

* *»» » 

Located in' the centre of the business portion of the City, on Church Street, contig- 
uous to tlie Court House, City Hall, and within a short distance of all the churches 
in the city. OMNIBUSES will be in waiting at the depots and packet landing to 
carry passengers to this Hotel. j ^ OTEY 

W. L. HOLT. 



MOSES LACY. 



J. F. TERRY. 



LACY & TERRY, 

Lower end of the Basin, 

COMMISSION & FORWARDING AGENTS, 

Prompt attention paid to Receiving and Forwarding Goods. Also to the sale of all kinds of 
Country Produce. 

I» It E! 3VE I XT M 




NEXT DOOR TO THE VIRGINIA BANK, MAIN STREET, 

LYlSrOHBXJRG. 

F. E. GIBBS, 

PROPRIETOR. 



G. W. MINNIS, 

SYCAMORE STREET, 



MINNIS & TANNER, 

BANK SQUARE, 



DAGUERREOTYPE 



AND 



Citizens and strangers are respectfully solicited to visit the above Galleries, which have been newly 
and beautifully fitted up, whether they may wish Pictures or not, and if 

A WELL EXECUTED D AG-UERREOT YPE, 

Or one of those much improved and almost breathing 

STEKEOSGOPIC PICTURES 

Are desired, with a beautiful Frame, Case, Locket, Pin, &c., in ■which to have it placed the subscri- 
bers feel confident that they are prepared to please even the most fastidious, in stvla as' well as nripp 
charged. ^T" GALLERIES ALWAYS OPEN AND FREE. ^ 



CU GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 217 

Cranbekry Plains, a post-office of Carroll county, Virginia. 

Cranberry Summit, a thriving village of Preston county, Vir- 
ginia, on the Baltimore and Ohio railroad, 243 miles West from 
Baltimore. 

Cranesville, a small post-village of Preston county, Virginia, 
about 250 miles N. AV. from Richmond. 

Crichton's Store, a })Ost-officc of Brunswick county, Virginia- 

Criglersville, a post-office of Madison county, Virginia. 

Cross Keys, a post-office of Rockingham county, Virginia. 

Cross Roads, a post-office of Bedford county, Virginia. 

Cub Creek, a post-office of Charlotte county, Virginia, 

CucKooviLLE, a post-office of Louisa county, Virginia, 46 miles 
N. W. from Richmond. 

Culpepper, a county in the N. E. central part of Virginia, has 
an area of G73 s(|uare miles. The Southern and North-eastern 
borders are rcs})ectively washed by tlie Rapidan and by the 
Norfcli brancli of tlie Rappahannock, which unite at the eastern 
extremity of the county. The N. part of the county is drained 
by Hazel river. The surface is finely diversified with hill and 
dale ; the soil is of a deep red color, and highly productive. 
Wheat, Indian corn, oats, and wool are the staples. In 1850 
there were raised 191,395 bushels of wheat; 359,6*70 of corn; 
62,599 of oats ; and 45,444 pounds of wool. There were 26 
flour, grist, and saw mills ; 2 woolen factories, and 1 agricul- 
tural implement manufactory. It contained 17 churches ; 488 
pupils attending public schools, and 105 attending academies 
or other schools. The Rappahannock river has been made nav- 
igable along the border of the county ; small boats also navi- 
gate Hazel river. The county is intersected by the Orange and 
Alexandria Railroad, lately finished ; and has a turnpike lead- 
ing from the county seat to New Market. It contains several 
mineral springs, Avliich are not yet much noted or improved. 
Organized in 1748, and named from Lord Culpepper, governor 
of Virginia in 1681. Population, 12,282, of whom 5599 were 
free, and 6683 slaves. 

Culpepper Court House, Virginia. See Fairfax, 

Cumberland, a county towards the S. E. part of Virginia, has 
an area of 310 square miles. The Appomattox bounds it on 
the S. E., the James river washes its N. border, and Willis 
river flows through the county. The surface is undulating • 

28 ~ ^ 



218 



LYNCHBURG BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



LYlSrOHBXJIia 



"WM. B. & O. FISHER, 
Jflain ^^t* opposite JVorvell House^ 

ILYMCTMIRe, 

Manufacturers, Importers and Dealers in 

Every description ( if 

Sporting Apparatus & Fine Cutlery, 

Gunsmitlis and persons from the Country arc 
requested to call and examine our Stock. 

They also invite particular attention to their 
Gain and Increase Twist Kitles of their own 
manufacture, for which they obtained First 
Premiums at the Union Agricultural Virginia 
and North Carolina State Fair, held at Peters- 
biirg, on the 24th October, 1S54, and at the Virginia State Agricultural Fair, held at Richmond on the 
81st October, 1S54, and for which also at the Fair of the Mechanics' Institute, held on the lOtli Noaciu- 
ber, 1S54, they were awarded a SILVER MEDAL. 





T7-IIl.GrI3>3"Iua. 



J. P A G A 






PROPRIETOR, 

HAS ALWAYS ON HAND 

[ffllBElBJIDgElTrS. T®E!!B§, 
Head and Foot Stones, Mantlepieces, 

BUREAU, TABLE AND VTASHSTAND TOPS. 

House "Work in general, executed in all its branches for public and private Buildings. 

SHOE AND HAT EMP 

BAN K SQU ARE, 
HOBSON & ARMISTEAD, 

II E T A 1 L DEALERS IN 

BOOTS, SHOES, HATS, CAPS, 

TRUNKS, UMBRELLAS, 

CJ -A. It i^ 3E3 17 ::b .A. G^ 




And every article to be found in their general line of business. A fine stock of the above articles 
always on hand at exceedingly low prices for Cash. 



I — 



Da gazetteer of Virginia. 219 

the soil was originally fertile, but in some parts has been worn 
out. Wheat, Indian corn, and tobacco are the staples. In 1850 
this county produced 118,616 bushels of wheat ; 220,532 of 
corn; and 2,476,135 pounds of tobacco. There were 6 flour 
mills, 1 tobacco factory, and 1 iron foundry. It contained 16 
churches ; 275 pupils attending public schools, and 30 attending 
an academy. The county was formed from Goochland in 1748. 
Capital, Cumberland Court House. Population, 9751, of whom 
3422 were free, and 6329 slaves. 

Cumberland Court House, a post-village, capital of Cumber- 
land county, Virginia, 55 miles W. from Kichmond. It is situ- 
ated on a ridge between the Appomattox and Willis rivers, 
about 5 miles from each. 

CuRDSViLLE, a small post-village of Buckingham county, 
Virginia, on Willis river, at the head of navigation. It has a 
large flouring mill. 

Dagger's Springs, a post-village of Botetourt county, Vir- 
ginia, 18 miles N. from Fincastle. Extensive buildings have 
been erected for the entertainment of the public at this place. 

Dallas, a post-oflice of Marshall county, Virginia. 

Danielsville, a post-village of Spottsylvania county, Vir- 
ginia, 90 miles N. from Kichmond. 

Dan Kiver, of Virginia and North Carolina, rises in Patrick 
county, of the former state, at the S. E. base of the Blue Ridge, 
and flowing first S. E., it enters North Carolina, in Surrey county. 
It then pursues a general easterly direction, near the boundary 
between the two states, which it crosses no less than five times, 
and after a tortuous course of about 200 miles, it unites with 
the Staunton, or Roanoke, at Clarksville, in Mecklenburg 
county, Virginia. It is navigable by batteaus to Danville, Vir- 
ginia, which is the principal town on its banks. The water- 
power at Danville is very abundant, but is not yet employed to 
any great extent. The area drained by this river is estimated 
at 4000 square miles. 

Danville, the principal village of Pittsylvania county, Vir- 
ginia, on the Dan river, 5 miles from the North Carolina line, 
and 168 miles W. S. W. from Richmond. The town is pleas- 
antly situated on high ground, near the head of navigation, and 
is a place of active business. It is surrounded by a fertile farm- 
ing region, which abounds in stone coal, iron ore and lime- 



220 



LYNCHBURG BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



EXTENSIVE BOOK STORE 




ma© wMi mmmm 



d 



LYNCHBURG. 



Wliolesale and Retail Dealer in 

Books, Stationary, Piano Fortes, 

ALL THE SCHOOL BOOKS IN USE, 
LAW, MEDICAL, THEOLOGICAL AND MISCELLANEOUS 



Blank Books of every description, Letter and Writincr ]*aper, tlie best 
Inks of all kinds in use, Globes, New Music, Drawing Materials, and Books 
on Drawing and Painting, Copying Presses, Mathematical Instruments, 
Gold and Silver Pencil Cases, Violins, Guitars, Flutes, Accordions and 
other musical instruments; Violin Strings, Pen and Pocket Knives, Dia- 
mond Pointed Gold Pens, 8urveyor''s Compasses and Chains, Choice 
Books and Fancy Articles lor Presents. 

PIANO FORTES. 

Ilis supply of Piano Fortes is from the established and well known 
manufactory of Wilhelms & Skuler, which for beauty of finish and superior- 
ity of tone, have procured for them an extended custom. They are warranted 
superior in all respects, and are offered at the manufacturers' lowest prices. 

Orders by letter faithfully and proraj)tly attended to. 



DI GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 221 

stone. The canal which has been constructed around the falls 
at this place affords abundant water-power. A railroad is ex- 
tending from Eichmond to Danville. The village has 4 or 5 
churches, 3 academies, 2 banks, and several iron foundries and 
mills. Population in 1850, 1514— in 1854, about 2500. 

Darksyille, a post-village of Berkley county, Virginia, on 
Sulphur Spring creek, 165 miles K by W. from Eichmond, con- 
tains 1 church and a few stores. 

Darlington Heights, a post-office of Prince Edward Co., Va. 

Darville, a post-office of Dinwiddie county, A^irginia. 

Davis' Mills, a post-village of Bedford county, Virginia, 130 
miles W. by S. from Eichmond. 

Davis' Store, a post-office of Bedford county, Virginia. 

Dawsonville, a post-office of Greene county, Virginia. 

Dayton, a post-office of Eockingham county, Virginia. 

Deatonsville, a post-village of Amelia county, Virginia, 52 
miles S. W. from Eichmond. 

Decker's Creek, a post-office of Preston county, Virginia. 

Deep Creek, a post-village of Norfolk county, Virginia, at 
the northern terminus of the Dismal Swamp canal, 10 miles S. 
from Norfolk. It has an active trade in shingles, Avhicli are 
procured from the Dismal Swamp, and shipped by schooners to 
the Northern cities. 

Deerfield, a post-village of Augusta county, Virginia, 180 
miles W. N. AV. from Eichmond. 

Deer Lick, a post-office of Mason county, Virginia. 

De Kale, a post-office of Gilmer county, Virginia. 

Dennisville, a post-office of Amelia county, Virginia. 

DENTONSYiLLE,''a village of Hanover county, Virginia, 22 miles 
N. from Eichmond. 

Diamond Grove, a small post-village in Brunswick county, 
Virginia, 80 miles S. S. W. from Eichmond. 

Diana Mills, a post-village of Buckingham county, Virginia, 
on Slate river, ^o miles W. from Eichmond. 

Dickensonm:lle, a post-office of Eussell county, Virginia, 340 
miles W. by S. from Eichmond. 

Dickinson, a post-village of Franklin county, Virginia, 200 
miles W. S. W. from Eichmond. 

Dillon's Eun, a post-office of Hampshire county, Virginia, 10 
miles E. from Eomney, the county seat. 



222 



RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 




mmm 

Offer unequaled 
advantages to all 
for the rapid and 
safe transmission 
of Boxes, Bales 
and Packages of 

Goods and Articles of all descriptions, 

To and from all places reached by 

RAILROAD, STAG-E OR STEAMBOAT. 

RATES UNIFORM AND MODERATE! 

No Commission charged for forwarding to places not 
reached by the Express. 

Gold, Silver, Bank Notes, Jewelry; 

And other valuable articles, always in charge of TRUSTY 

MESSENGERS! 

3B* O H. &jA^:Lj^S 

DRAFTS ON HUGIiAND, IREI.AND AITD SCOTLAND, 

FOR ANY AMOUNT FROM ONE POUND UP. 

NOTES, BILLS, AND DRAFTS collected at any points where there are Ex- 
press Agents, and prompt remittances guaranteed. We have Wagons to call for 
and deliver Goods (free of charge. 

Office Corner of I4tli & Main lStreet§, Riclimond. 

CHAS. HICHAHDSON, 

No. 4, UNDER EXCHANGE HOTEL, RICHMOND, 

Importer of and "Wholesale and Retail Dealer in 



® m m A m 

£0) ^^ \Sr ^^ ^ 




9 



Has also for sale Segar Cases, Snuff 

Boxes, Pipes (of every 

^^^ description,) and other 



DO GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 2^3 

DiNWiDDiE, a county in the S. S. E .part of Virginia, contains 
540 sq^uare miles. The Appomattox river bounds it on the N., 
and the Nottoway on the S. W. ; it is also drained hy Stony and 
Namazine creeks. The surface is undulating. Indian corn, 
wheat and tobacco are the staples. In 1850 this county pro- 
duced 304,556 bushels of corn; 60,275 of wheat, and 1,782,521 
pounds of tobacco. There were 3 cotton factories, 25 flour and 
grist mills, 7 saw mills, and 2 chandleries. It contained 36 
churches, 3 newspaper offices; 223 pupils attending public 
schools, and 869 attending academies and other schools. The 
rocks which underlie this county are of the primitive formation. 
The railroad from Richmond to Weldon, North Carolina, passes 
through the county. Formed in 1752, and named in honor of 
Robert Dinwiddle, then governor of Virginia. Capital, Din- 
widdle Court House. Population 25,118 of whom 14,238 were 
free, and 10,880 slaves, 

DiNwiDDiE Court House, a post-village, capital of Dinwiddie 
county, Virginia, on Stony creek, 35 miles S. by W. from Rich- 
mond. 

Dinwiddie's Tan Yaed, a post-office of Campbell county, 
Virginia. 

Dismal Swamp extends from near Norfolk, in Virginia, into 
North Carolina. Length from N. to S., about 30 miles ; great- 
est breadth, 10 or 12 miles. It is in some parts covered with 
reeds, in others with a heavy growth of trees with a thick un- 
dergrowth. In the centre is Lake Drummond, covering about 
6 square miles ; when full, the surface is 21 feet above tide- 
water. 

DODDRIDCJE, a county in the N. W. part of Virginia, contains 
300 square miles. It is drained by Hughes river and Middle 
Island creek. The surface is hilly, and the land adapted to 
pasturage. The principal staples are Indian corn, oats, and 
grass. In 1850 the county produced 59,423 bushels of corn; 
13,398 of oats ; 1860 tons of hay, and 35,200 pounds of butter. 
It contained 2 saw mills, 1 grist mill, and 1 wool-carding mill, 
1 church, and 115 pupils attending public schools. The Mid- 
dle Island creek is navigable by flat-boats, in which lumber is 
exported. Capital, West Union. Population, 2750, of whom 
2719 were free, and 31 slaves. 

Doe Hill, a post-office of Highland county, Virginia. 



224 



RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



THE mCHMOND 




OilTJTDT 




WAS INCORPORATED BY THE 

Legislature of Virginia, March 2, 1853. 

Its design is to elevate the grade of female education, and to alFord young ladies all 
the facilities for learning which are offered to young men in our best colleges. Its 
buildings bave been planned with great care and admirably adapted to the purpose. 
It is believed that nothing equal to them for convenience, is to be found in the whole 
South. The location, in one of the most desirable parts of Richmond, combines un- 
usual advantages, being at once central and retired ; and though so accessible and 
convenient, is almost as private and free from annoyance as the country itself. Every 
modern improvement whicii experience has sanctioned, was sought and adopted 
and provision is made, at an expense of more than sixly thousand dollars, to promote 
in every way the health, comfort and convenience of the pupils, as well as their ad- 
vancement in learning. 

The course of instruction is extensive and liberal. The great point aimed at, is 
thoroughness, especially in those fundamental parts of knowledge, which, it is too 
often thought, may be slighted with impunity. Those who have pursued successfully 
the regular course and passed an approved examination for a degree, will receive a 
diploma in accordance with the Chai-ter, at the Annual commencement. 

The session commences the first Monday in October, and closes the last Thursday 
in June. Thus the pupils give the golden season of labor to study, and spend the hot 
months in relaxation at home. Applications for admission may be addressed to 

the President, 

REV. BASIL MANLY, Jr. 

RICHMOND, Va. 



ED GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 225 

DoRNiCKTOWN, a post-office of Monongalia county, Virginia. 

Double Bridge, a post-office of LiinenLurg county, Virginia, 
87 miles S. W. from Eiclimond. 

Dover Mills, a small post-village of GoocUand c»unty, Vir- 
ginia, on Dover Creek and on the James River canal, 21 miles 
W. from Eiclimond. It has a valuable water-power and flour- 
ing mill. 

Dovesville, a post-office of Rockingham county, Virginia. 

Dranesville, a post-village of Fairfax county, Virginia, 17 
miles W. from Washington. 

Draper's Valley, a post-office of Palaski county, Virginia. 

Drapersville, a post-office of Mecklenburg county, Virginia. 

Drewrys\t:lle, a small post-village in Southampton county, 
Virginia, 75 miles S. S. E. from Richmond. 

Dryburg, a post-office of Halifax county, Virginia, 129 miles 
S. W. from Richmond. 

Duffield's, a post-office of Jefferson county, Virginia. 

Dug Spur, a post-office of Carroll county, Virginia. 

Dumfries, a small post-village of Prince William county, 
Virginia, on Quantico creek, 90 miles N. from Richmond, was 
formerly a thriving place, containing 2 churches, and several 
mills, but it is now in decay. 

Duncan, a post-office of Wood county, Virginia. 

DuNLAp's Creek, in the S. W. Central part of Virginia, rises 
in Monroe county, flows north-eastward, and falls into Jack- 
son's river, near Covington. 

"DuNMORE, a post-office of Pocahontas county, Virginia. 

DuNNSViLLE, a post-office of Essex county, Virginia, 5G miles 
N. E. from Richmond. 

Dupree's Old Store, a post-office of Charlotte county, Vir- 
ginia. 

DuRRETSViLLE, a post-officc of Richmond count}^, Virginia. 

Earlysville, a small post-village of Albemarle county, Vir- 
ginia, 94 miles W. N. W. from Richmond. 

East River, a post-office of Mercer county, Virginia. 

Eastville, a post-village, capital of Northampton county, 
Virginia, 180 miles by water, E. by S. from Richmond, and a 
few miles E. from Chesapeake bay. It contains a court-house, 
2 carriage shops, and several stores. Population, about 300. 

Edenburg, a thriving post-village of Shenandoah county, Vir- 

29 "" "" 



226 



PETERSBURG BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



JARRATT'S HOTEL, 

THOMAS J. SOUTHALL, 

PROPRIETOR, 

This 



^RATTS^Ore^ 




THOMAS J SOUfHAXI. 



large and popular 
Establishment, located at the 
Southern Depot, enjoys a 
large share of public patron- 
age, and is capable of afford- 
ing accommodation for 200 
guests. It is favorably sit- 
uated for those traveling 
North or South, who may 
wish to lay over, being in an 
elevated, airy, and healthy 
part of the city. 




J. T. YOUNG, 



DEALER IN 



9 



©IEIL¥]Em WAmiE AMID IFAMST §©©1^3 

S7CA1VE0RZ: STREET, PETERSBURG. 

i^W° Watches and Jewelry repaired, and Enijraviiig executed in the best manner, (copied and 
forwarded.) 



Constantly on hand a full supply of 

DRUGS, MEDICINES, 

GARDEN, ™D& MEADOW SEEDS, &c. 

Together with a good selection of 

FRENCH, GERMAN, ENGLISH & AMERICAN 

CHEMICALS, 

All of which we warrant to be of 
the best quality. 




N9 3; POWELLS ROW 
i^PETE R S3URG, Va- 



V 



li;^ Physicians', Merchants' and all other orders neatly and promptly executed. 



EL GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 227 



ginia, on Stony creek, 6 miles from Woodstock. It is connected 
by a turnpike with Staunton. 
Edge Hill, a jiost-office of King George county, Virginia. 
Edmonds, a i^ost-office of Brunswick county, Virginia. 
Edom, a post-office of Eockingliam county, Virginia. 
Edeay, a post-office of Pocaliontas county, Virginia. 
Egypt, a post-office of Monroe county, Virginia. 
ElamsvIlle, a post-village in Patrick county, Virginia, about 
200 miles W. S. W. from Kicbmond. 

El Dokado, a post-office of Culpepper county, Virginia. 
Elizabeth, or Elizabethtown, a village in Wood county, Vir- 
ginia, on the W. bank of Kanawha river, about 300 miles K 
W. from Kichmond. 

Elizabeth City, a county in the S. E. part of Virginia, border- 
ing on Chesapeake Bay, at the mouth of James river, has an 
area of 50 square miles. Hampton Eoads form its boundary on 
the south, and Back river washes its northern border. The soil, 
is fertile. Indian corn, wheat, oats, and potatoes, are the sta- 
ples. In 1850 this county produced 87,295 bushels of corn ; 
22,188 of wheat; 17,754 of oats, and 42,579 of potatoes. There 
were 3 flour and grist mills, 2 saw mills, and 2 brick yards. 
It contained 7 churches, 139 pupils attending public schools, 
and 110 attending an academy. This county occupies the ex- 
tremity of the peninsula formed by James and York rivers. It 
was one of the eight original shires into which Virginia was 
divided in 1634. Capital, Hampton. Population, 4586, of 
whom 2438 were free, and 2148 slaves. 

Elizabeth Rr^er, a small stream of Virginia, emptying itself 
into Hampton Roads. A light-ship is stationed on Craney 
Island flats, at its mouth. 
Elizabethtown, Va. See Grave Creek. 
Elk Creek, a post-office of Grayson county, Virginia. 
Elk Garden, a post-office of Russell county, Virginia. 
Elk Hill, a post-office of Amelia county, Virginia, 64 miles 
S. W. from Richmond. 

Elk River, in the W. part of Virginia, rises in Randolph and 
Pocahontas counties, interlocking sources with the Greenbrier 
and Monongahela rivers, and pursuing a general western course, 
falls into the Great Kanawha, at Charleston, in Kanawha county. 
The whole length is perhaps 200 miles. It is described as a 



228 



LYNCHBURG BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



Piedmont Works 




GEORGE G. CURLE, 

PROPRIETOR. 




A^ isru 




%%%%% 



% % ■"» », "'ti 



IMPLEMENT DEPOT, 

Machinery and Iron Work of every description made to 
order and repaired at short notice. 



FA GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 229 

beautiful stream, and highly favorable to navigation. Boats 
can ascend in ordinary stages to Sutton, in Braxton county, 
more than 100 miles from its mouth. 

Elk Kun, a jiost-office of Fauquier county, Virginia, 90 miles 
N. by W. from Kichmoud. 

Ellisville, a small post-village in Louisa county, Virginia. 

Elon, a post-office of Amherst county, Virginia. 

Emmaus, a post-office of Bedford county, Virginia. 

Emory, a post-office of Washington county, Virginia. 

Enfield, a post-village of King William county, Virginia, 36 
miles N. E. from Kichmond. 

Erin Shades, a post-office of Henrico county, Virginia. 

Essex, a county in the E. part of Virginia, has an area of 
about 300 square miles. The Eappahannock river forms the 
N. E. boundary. The surface in the W. part is uneven ; the soil 
is generally sandy, and moderately fertile, having been im- 
proved by guano, lime, and marl. Indian corn and wheat are the 
stajiles. In 1850 this county produced 391,895 bushels of corn; 
104,840 of wheat, and 57,747 pounds of butter. There were 
16 flour and grist mills, and 1 tannery. It contained 11 
churches, and 216 pupils attending academies and other schools. 
The river is navigable by small vessels along the border of the 
county. Formed in 1692. Capital, Tappahannock. Popula- 
tion, 10,206, of whom 3444 were free, and 6762 slaves. 

EsTELiNE Furnace, a post-office of Augusta county, Vir- 
ginia. 

EsTiLLViLLE, a post-village, capital of Scott county, Virginia, 
on Moccasin creek, 357 miles W. by S. from Richmond. Iron 
ore and coal are abundant at this place. It contains 1 or 2 
churches, and about 60 dAvellings. 

Etna, a post-office of Hanover county, Virginia. 

EvANSHAM, Virginia. See Wytheville. 

EvANSviLLE, a post-village in Preston county, Virginia, about 
200 miles N. W. from Eichmond. 

Everetts\t:lle, a village in Albemarle county, Virginia, near 
the Virginia Central railroad, 70 miles N. W. from Richmond. 

Faber's Mills, a post-village of Nelson county, Virginia, 
about 100 miles W. from Richmond. 

Fabius, a post-office of Hardy county, Virginia. 

Factory Hill, a post-office of Nansemond county, Virginia. 



230 



LYNCHBURG BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



H. S. WHITTEMORE. C. A. WHITTEMORE. 

H. S. WHITTEMORE & BROTHER, 




Manufacturers of their GENUINE, PEEMICM, EAGLE, IMPROVED, LIVINGSTON, PEEKS- 
HILL, and SIDE HILL PLOWS ; THRESHERS and HORSE POWERS, WHEAT FANS, HAY 
CUTTERS, CORN SHELLEES, CULTIVATORS, CAST IRON ROAD SCRAPERS, and other 
Agricultural Implements. 

All kinds of WROUGHT and CAST IRON furnished to order; also the best FORCE PUMP, and 
ENGINE combined, for wells or springs. 

FIRST PREMIUMS awarded to us at the Union Fair of Virginia and North Carolina, and at the 
State Fair of Virginia, at Richmond, in 1S54, for the best SIDE HILL PLOW,— the special approba- 
tion of the Committee was given for the SUPERIOR STRENGTH and FINISH of our TOOLS. 

All orders promptly attended to. 

ON THE BASIN 



LYNCHBURG. 



S. G. MORGAN. 



W. II. CURLE. 



W. E. BURNHAM. 



MORGAN, CURLE & BURNHAM'S 

PLANING AND MOULDING MILL, 



A N I ) 



























IJ 


=^SI5' 


J 



SASH, BLIND & DOOR MANUFACTORY, 

Canal Bank, »Adjoining Gas Works, 

LYNCHBURa. 

The attention of Contractors and those intending to build, is respectfully Invited to this Establish- 
ment, as we keep constantly on hand a general assortment of MOULDINGS, SASHES, BLINDS 
and DOORS, and also make to order, at short notice, on favorable terms. 

All orders addressed to CURLE & BURNHAM will meet prompt attention, and work will be for- 
warded as directed. 



FA. GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 231 

Fairfax, a county in the N. E. part of Virginia, Ijordering 
on Maryland and the District of Columbia, has an area of 430 
square miles. The Potomac river forms its boundary on the N. 
E. and S. E., and the Occoquan washes its S. W. border. The 
surface is hilly ; the soil in some parts is sandy, and is not uni- 
formly fertile. Much of the land has been worn out, and is no 
longer cultivated. Grain and cattle are the staples. In 1850 
this county produced 207,531 bushels of Indian corn; 56,156 of 
wheat; 122,758 pounds of butter, and 4420 tons of hay. There 
were 5 flour and grist mills. It contained 16 churches, 1 news- 
paper office, 60 pupils attending public schools, and 295 attend- 
ing academies and other schools. The county is intersected 
by two railroads leading to Alexandria. Mount Vernon, the 
residence of George Washington, is on the bank of the Poto- 
mac in Fairfax county, 15 miles below Washington. Formed 
in 1742, and named in honor of Lord Fairfax, the proprietor 
of a considerable district in the N. E. part of Virginia. Capital, 
Fairfax Court House. Population, 10,682, of whom 7432 were 
free, and 3250 slaves. 

Fairfax, or Culpepper Court House, a thriving post-village, 
capital of Culpepper county, Virginia, on the Orange and Al- 
exandria railroad. It is surrounded by a finely diversified and 
fertile region, which is in a high state of cultivation. The bu- 
siness of the place has recently received a new impetus by the 
construction of the railroad. Fairfax contains 3 or 4 churches, 
and 2 newspaper offices. Founded in 1759. Population in 
1853, estimated at 1000. 

Fairfax Court House, a small town, capital of Fairfax county, 
Virginia, 120 miles N. from Kichmond, and 21 miles W. from 
Washington, contains the county buildings, and from 200 to 
300 inhabitants. 

Fairfield, a post-village of Eockbridge county, Virginia, 144 
miles W. from Richmond. Has 2 churches. 

Fair Hill, a post-office of Marshall county, Virginia. 

Fairmont, a flourishing post-village, capital of Marion county, 
Virginia, on the W. bank of the IMonongahela river, and on 
the Baltimore and Ohio railroad, 310 miles N. W. from Rich- 
mond. The river is navigable by steamboats from this point 
downward. A magnificent wire suspension bridge across the 
river connects the village with Palatine. A newspaper is pub- 



232 



LYNCHBURG BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



LYNCHBURG FEMALE SEMINARY, 

Corner of 4th Street and 6th Alley, 

LYISrCHBXJUa, 

M. & C. S. aOEDON, PEINCIPALS. 

Tbis Is one of the largest and most flourishing Institutions in this part of tlie State— can accommo- 
date one hundred and fifty scholars. 




FA GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 233 

lishecl here. The village contains one bank. Population in 
1853, about 1200. 

Falling Bridge, a post office of Campbell county, Virginia. 

Falling Kiver, a small stream in the S. part of Virginia, 
rises in Campbell county, and flows into the Staunton or Roan- 
oke river, near the S. E. extremity of the county. 

Falling Spring, a post office of Greenbrier county, Virginia. 

Falling Waters, a post village of Berkley county, Virginia, 
on the Potomac river, 188 miles N. by W. from Richmond. 

Falls Church, a post office of Fairfax county, Virginia. 

Fall's Mills, a post office of Cabell county, Virginia. 

Falmouth, a post village of Stafford county, Virginia, on the 
Rappahannock river, 66 miles N. from Richmond, is the largest 
village in the county. The water power of the river is em- 
ployed in two cotton factories and two flouring mills. 

Fancy Grove, a post office of Bedford county, Virginia. 

Fancy Hill, a post office of Rockbridge county, Virginia, 164 
miles W. from Richmond. 

Farley, a post office of Culpepper county, Virginia. 

Farmers' Grove, a post office of Southampton county, Ya. 

Farmington, a post village of Marion county, Virginia, on the 
Baltimore and Ohio railroad. 

Farmville, a post village of Prince Edward county, Virginia 
is finely situated on the Appomatox river, 68 miles W. S. W. 
from Richmond. The Southside railroad connects it with Pe- 
tersburg and Richmond. The river is navigable for batteaus 
from this place to its mouth, and the village has an active 
trade. Farmville contains three churches, one bank, one news- 
paper office, and several tobacco factories. Population in 1853 
about 1500. 

Farnham, a thriving village of Richmond county, Vir^-inia 
five miles from the Rajapahannock river. 

Farrowsville, a small post village of Fauc^uier county, Vir- 
ginia, 130 miles N. by W. from Richmond. 

Fauquier, a county in the north-eastern part of Virginia, has 
an area of about 680 square miles. It is bounded on the S. W. 
by the Rappahannock and its branch, the North river and 
drained by Goose creek. The Blue Ridge extends along the 
N. W. border ; the surface is finely diversified, and the soil is 
mostly very fertile. Wheat, Indian corn and grass are the 

30 



234 



ALEXANDRIA BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



THOMAS S. JAMIESON, 
A/f .A. o XI I nxr I s 




AND 



Corner Royal and Wilkes Streets, 

Is prepared to execute orders for 
■T Jk. T X O ly^ Jk. FL "TST 

CI 




MILL GEARING, 
Shafting, Pulleys, 

HANGERS, PUMPS, FINS, 

Slide and Hand 




DRILL PRESSES, 

AND MACHINE WORK OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. 

Cd- Superior Castings made to order at short notice and on reasonable terms. 



FA GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 235 

staples. In 1850 this county produced 386,324 busliels of wheat, 
562,959 of Indian corn, 8523 tons of hay, 72,825 pounds of wool, 
and 210,711 pounds of butter. There were 17 flour mills, five 
grist and plaster mills, eight saw mills, seven tanneries, and 
one woolen factory. It contained 35 churches, two newspaper 
offices, 601 pupils attending public schools, and 322 attending 
academies and other schools. Several gold mines have been 
worked in the count}'*. It also contains valuable beds of mag- 
nesia and soapstone. The Eappahannock is navigable by small 
boats. The county is traversed by the Orange and Alexandria 
railroad, and by the Manassas Gap railroad. The illustrious 
John Marshall, chief justice of the United States, was born in 
this county. Formed in 1759, and named in honor of Francis 
Fauquier, at that time Grovernor of Virginia. Capital, Warren- 
ton. Population, 20,868, of whom 10,518 were free, and 10,350 
slaves. 

Fauquier White Sulphur Springs, a post village of Fauquier 
county, Virginia, on the Eappahannock river, 57 miles W. S. 
W. from Washington, is a beautiful and popular place of resort 
in summer. 

Fayette, a county toward the W. part of Virginia, has an 
area of seven hundred and seventy square miles. It is trav- 
ersed by the Kanawha or New river, bounded on the North 
by Gauley river, and on the N. E. by Meadow river. The county 
has a mountainous surface, abounding in wild and picturesque 
scenery. The principal elevations are Gauley and Sewell moun- 
tains. The famous cliff called Marshall's Pillar rises about 
1000 feet above New Eiver, a few miles from the county seat. 
Several fertile plateaus, or glades^ destitute of timber, occur 
among the highlands of this county. The soil is generally 
good. Indian corn, wheat, oats, liay, cattle and butter are the 
staples. In 1850 this county produced 111,064 bushels of corn, 
8414 of wheat, 56,037 of oats, 950 tons of hay, and 56,409 lbs. 
of butter. There were three boat yards, one wool-carding mill, 
and two tanneries. It contained six churches and 96 pupils 
attending public schools. Iron ore is found. The New river is 
a rapid stream, affording abundant water power in this part of 
its course. The county is intersected by the Covington and 
Ohio railroad, (not yet finished.) Capital, Fayetteville. Pop- 
ulation, 3955, of whom 3799 were free, and 156 slaves. 



236 



ALEXANDRIA BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



HENEY L. SHEPHERD. 



JAMES H. KOBINSON. 



SHEPHERD & ROBINSON, 

MANUFACTURERS AND DEALERS IN 

COOKING RANOES, 

HOT JllR 

FURNACES, 

CHAIN AND SUCTION 

r ^ 5, 

MARBLEIZED 

IRON MANTLES 

AND 

No. 148 King Street, Alexandria. 

T I 3Xr TTV -A. IT. 33 -A. T "^T^ XZ O 3-i X3 IS .i^ Xj X3 . 

?I3" All orders filled with dispatch. 




COTiWOE PARLOR, 



DEATTON G. MEADE. 



WM. BACHES. 



MEADE & EACHES, 




DEALERS IN 



i^iiR 



Seeds and Manures, 

Wo. 112 FAIRFAX STREET, 



FL GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 237 

Fayetteville, a small post village, capital of Fayette county, 
Virginia, 289 miles W. from Eichmond, and aLout five miles 
from New river. A few miles from the village, New river flows 
along the base of a remarkable cliff or precipice of stupendous 
height, known by the name of " Hawk's Nest," or Marshall's 
Pillar. Chief justice Marshall measured it with a line, and 
found the height to be one thousand feet. 

Fellowsville, a small village of Preston county, Virginia, on 
the turnpike from Winchester to Parkersburg. 

Fincastle, a handsome post village, capital of Botetourt 
county, Virginia, 175 miles W. from Eichmond. It is well 
built, and finely situated in a fertile and undulating valley, 
between the Blue Eidge and North mountain, about five miles 
E. from the latter. The Peaks of Otter, which rise on the bor- 
der of the county, are among the highest points of the Blue 
Eidge. Fincastle contains four or five churches, two academies, 
and two printing ofiices. Laid out in 1772. 

Floyd, a county in the S. S. W. part of Virginia, has an area 
of 279 square miles. It is drained by Little river, an afiluent 
of the New or Kanawha. The surface is high and mountainous, 
the county occupying the northwestern declivity of the Blue 
Eidge, which slopes gradually toward the valley of New river. 
The land is generally rough and in some parts unproductive, 
but a large portion is adapted to pasturage. Indian corn, wheat, 
oats hay, and live stock are the staples. In 1850 the county 
produced 104,630 bushels of corn, 23,992 of wheat,92,654;of oats, 
and 3226 tons of hay. There were seven grist mills, five flour 
mills, three wool-carding mills, and four tanneries. It contained 
nine churches, 832 pupils attending public schools, and 104 at- 
tending academies or other schools. The highlands contain 
copper, iron ore and other minerals. The county is plentifully 
supplied with water power. Organized in 1831, and named in 
honor of John Floyd, at that time governor of Virginia. Cap- 
ital, Jacksonville. Population, 6458, of whom 6015 were free, 
and 443 slaves. 

Floyd Court House, a post village, capital of Floyd countj, 
Virginia, 180 miles W. S. W. from Eichmond. 

Fluive's, a post office of Botetourt county, Virginia, 163 miles 
W. from Eichmond. 

Fluvanna, a county in the S. E. central part of Virginia, has 



238 



ALEXANDRIA BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



liEAVITT'S 

IMr>IlOVED 



The cut represents a valuable 
mrovement in 




improvement in 

Portable Mills, 

Adapted to tlie various Crushing 
and Grinding purposes of a Farm, 
which are now required and foxmd 
so profitable in the imin-oved modes 
of feeding stock. 

This Mill is peculiarly adapted 
to grinding corn and cob together, , 
to shelling Corn and grinding Meal 
from Corn and other grains. This 
form of mill is so simjjle that a 
small boy can adjust it by turning i 
a handle affixed to a screw, with 
perfect ease and certaintj'', either 
for shelling corn or grinding coarse I 
or fine, and is by far the most con- ' 
venient and portable article of the 
kind ever invented, weighing only 
about 250 jjounds, worked by one, 
two, or four horses, and will grind 
from 4 to 10 bushels corn and cob 
meal per hour, from 3 to 5 bushels 
fine corn meal per hour, and will 
with one horse, shell from 10 to 15 
bushels corn. The Mill requires 
no horse-power machinery, sim- 
ply a lever attached to the outside 
grinder, the inside being stationa- 
ry, and placed on a log either in 
the yard or barn. For simplicity 
and durability it will recommend 
itself to every Farmer, rich or jDoor, 
and can be put in operation in 6 
hours. 

The Subscriber is manufiicturing 
the above Mills at Messrs. Smith & Perkins' Foundrj'^, on Pitt street, Alexandria. 
All orders addressed to the imdersigned will be promptly attended to, and IMills 
shipped to order, with full directions for putting them in oi3eration. 

Farmers are invited to call and examine the Mill at the above Foundry. It is 
confidently believed that this Mill will answer practically a better purpose than 
any that has been made at a cost of under four hundred dollars. It is the inven- 
tion of Mr. CHARLES LEAVITT, of Quincy, Illinois, who obtained a patent in 
1852, and has now been in operation 5 years, giving universal satisfactii^n. 

R. McLAG-AN. 



FO GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 239 

an carea of 170 square miles. The James river forms the S. 
"boundary, and Kivanna river flows through the middle of the 
county. The surface is partly broken and partly level ; the 
soil in some parts is fertile, in others almost barren. Tobacco 
is the staple product. In 1850 there were raised 1,054,974 lbs. 
of tobacco, 200,174 bushels of Indian corn, and 92,657 of wheat. 
There were nine flour and grist mills, ten saw mills, one gold 
mine which is worked, one cotton and one woolen factory. It 
contained 14 churches, 355 pupils attending public schools, and 
63 attending academies or other schools. The James river ca- 
nal passes along the border of the county. Gold has been found 
near Palmyra, the county seat. Formed from Albemarle county 
in 1777. Population, 9487, of whom 4750 were free and 4737 
slaves. 

Fowler's, a post office of Brooke county, Virginia. 

Fox\t:lle, a post village of Fauquier county, Virginia, on the 
Kappahannock river, 108 miles W. N. W. from Kichmond. 

Frankford, a jDost village in Greenbrier county, Virginia, 
180 miles W. by N. from Richmond. 

Frankfort, a village of Greenbrier county, Virginia, 10 miles 
N. E. from Lewisburg, contains one or two churches. 

Frankfort, a post village of Hampshire county, Virginia, on 
Patterson's creek, 203 miles N. W. from Richmond. 

Franklin, a county in the S. part of Virginia, has an area of 
864 square miles. The Staunton river forms its K E. boundary 
and the Blue Ridge extends along its K W. border. The sur- 
face is hilly or rolling ; the soil has a substratum of clay and is 
very productive. Tobacco, Indian corn and wheat are the sta- 
ples. In 1850 there were raised 1,125,404 pounds of tobacco, 
431,408 bushels of corn, 76,831 of wheat and 187,792 of oats. 
There were 14 flour, grist and saw mills, 2 iron forges, 1 iron 
furnace and fifteen tobacco factories. It contained 25 churches 
and 700 pupils attending public schools. Iron ore is found in 
several parts of the county. Formed in 1784. Capital, Rocky 
Mount. Population, 17,430, of whom 11,704 were free, and 
5726 slaves. 

Franklin, a small village, capital of Pendleton county, Vir- 
ginia, on the S. Branch of the Potomac, 20 miles from its source 
and 165 miles K W. from Richmond. 

Franklin, a post village of Southampton county, Virginia 



240 



ALEXANDRIA BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



iiiiis^ii iiiiiii 

AND SOLE AGENTS FOR THE SALE OF 
Have always on hand a good supply of this Permanent Fertilizer. 



They would call attention to the following analyses made by Drs. D. Stuart, of 
Baltimore, and Richard H. Stabler, of this city. 



Proximate Analysis. 

Organic Matter containing some azotized com- 
pounds capable of forming ammonia, - 05.47 

Water, - 25.32 

Ash, or proportion of mineral elements, - 69.21 

100.00 



Composition of the Ash. 

Phosphoric Acid, - - . - , 33.52 

Lime, 26.35 

Sand, 00.30 

Magnesia and Soda with a trace of Potash, 09.04 

69.21 



The Ash or mineral portion is very pure bone ash, in a state of minute division, 
containing a larger proportion of Phosphoric Acid than Bone Phosphate of Lime, 
say sixty-nine per cent. 

ILEXINDRIA GIZETTB & VIRGINIA ADTOTISER, 

PUBLISHED DAILY BY 

EDGAR SNOWDEN, 

At Eight Dollars per annum, payable half yearly. 
ALEXANDRIA GAZETTE & VIRGINIA ADVERTIZER, 

!■ C^ H. '^I:■ I^ El CJ O XT TO" T I^ "S" , 

IS PUBLISHED, KEGULAELY, ON 

Tuesdaysj Thursdays and Saturdays, 

At Five Dollars per annum, payable in advance. 

THE VIRGINIA SENTINEL 

IS PUBLISHED ON 

TUESDAYS, THURSDAYS AND SATURDAYS, 

BY 

R. M. SMITH & J, W^- FINKS, 

At Five Dollars per annum. 

IS CONNECTED WITH THE ESTABLISHMENT. 



FR GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA 241 

on the Blackwater river, and on tlie Portsmoutli and Roanoke 
railroad, 88 miles S. S. E. from Richmond. 

Franktown, a post office of Northampton county, Virginia. 

Frazier's Bottom, a post office of Putnam county, Virginia. 

Frederick, a county in the K N. E. part of Virginia, has an 
area of 378 square miles. The Opequan, Sleepy and Black 
creeks, affluents of the Potomac, rise Avithin it and flow north- 
eastward. The surface is beautifully diversified with mountain 
scenery ; the principal elevation is the North mountain, extend- 
ing along the western border. The county occupies jmrt of the 
Great Valley of Virginia, and is one of the most wealthy and 
highly cultivated in the State. Wheat, Indian corn, oats, hay, 
butter, cattle and pork are the staples. In 1850 it produced 
311,060 bushels of wheat, 199,242 of corn, 50,701 of oats, G433 
tons of hay and 193,394 pounds of butter. There were 35 flour 
mills, 38 saw mills, seven woolen factories, four tobacco facto- 
ries, seven tanneries, one iron furnace, and one iron foundry. 
It contained 31 churches, 300 pupils attending public schools 
and 305 attending academies and other schools. Blue lime- 
stone underlies a large portion of the county. The streams fur- 
nish abundant motive i:)Ower for mills and factories. A railroad 
extends from Harper's Ferry to Winchester, the capital of the 
county. Turnpike roads radiate in several directions from the 
latter town. Formed in 1738. Population 15,975, of whom 
13,681 were free, and 2294 slaves. 

Fredericksburg, the chief town of Spottsylvania county, Vir- 
ginia, on the right bank of the Rappahannock river, at the head 
of tide water, 65 miles N. of Richmond. It is pleasantly situated 
in a fertile valley, and has advantages fur commerce and manu- 
factures. The railroad from Washington to Richmond passes 
through the town, and a canal has been constructed from this 
place to a jwint on the river 40 miles above, by which large 
quantities of wheat, flour and tobacco are received for ex23orta- 
tion. The river affords extensive water j^ower, which, however, 
is not much used. Large quantities of fine granite and freestone 
are found in the vicinity. It contains five churches, one or- 
phan asylum, two seminaries, three or four newspaper offices 
and two banks. Population in 1840, 3974, in 1850, 4062, 

Frenchtown, a post village in Lewis county, Virginia 200 
miles W. N. W. from Richmond. 



31 



242 



ALEXANDRIA BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



CHAHLES KOONES, 



AND 



c:^ E3: j^ x lEX 



No. 187 King St., Cor. of Columbus St. 




The subscriber has constantly on hand 
and will continue to manufacture the great- 
est variety of Rosewood, Walnut, Mahog- 
any and Common Furniture, (Antique, 
Fi'ench and Modern styles,) in the most 
fashionable and durable manner. 



An examination of his Stock is invited. 



A. Xi. G'MEG-0!R3r; 

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALER IN 




mw 



S) 



TIN WARE, 

MOT ^IIM FIIM^\1€E^^ 

AND 

Hoyal St. 9 near the Market House, 



9 



Exchange Block, Over Potomac Insurance OfiBce, 

KING STREET, 



All kinds of Morocco, Velvet, Papier Mache, Pearl Shell, Sontag and Fancy 
Cases constantly on hand. 

Mr. HAAS offers to furnish Daguerreotypes at lower prices than they have ever 
been taken for in the Stale of Virginia, and at the same time guarantees faithful 
execution and perfect Likenesses which will never fade! 



GE GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 243 

Friends' Grove, a small post village of Charlotte county, Vir- 
ginia, 104 miles S. W. from Kiclimond, 

Front Kotal, a flourisliing post village, capital of Warren 
county, Virginia, 140 miles N. N. "VV. from Eichmond, and one 
mile E. from Shenandoah river. It is pleasantly situated in a 
valley between the river and the Blue Eidge. The railroad 
from Alexandria to Strasburg passes through this village,, and 
a plank road 20 miles long connects it with Winchester. The 
water power of the river has been improved by the erection of 
numerous flouring mills. Population, about 500. 

Gainesborough, Virginia. See Gainsborough. 

Gaines Cross Eoads, a small post village of Eappahannock 
county, Virginia, about 120 miles N. N. W. from Eichmond. 

Gainesville, a post office of Prince William county, Virginia. 

Gainsborough, a post village of Frederick county, Virginia, 
150 miles N. N. W. from I^ichmond, contains two churches, and 
about thirty houses. 

Gainsborough, of Eoanoke county, Virginia. See Big Lick. 

Gap Mills, a post village of Monroe county, Virginia, 8 miles 
N, from the court house, has several mills and a woolen factory. 

Garland's, or Garland's Store, a post office of Albemarle 
county, Virginia, 95 miles W. by N, from Eichmond. 

Gauley Bridge, a post village of Fayette county, Virginia, 
is situated just below the junction of the Gauley and New riv- 
ers, about 300 miles W. from Eichmond. It is the head of nav- 
igation on the river, which presents here a beautiful fall of 22 
feet. 

Gauley Eiver, in the W. central part of Virginia, rises in 
Pocahontas county, flows nearly westward through Nicholas 
county, and unites with the New river at Gauley Bridge, in 
Fayette county, 36 miles above Charleston. Below the junc- 
tion, the river is called the Great Kanawha. The valley of 
Gauley river is about 60 miles long. This stream flows through 
a mountainous region. It aflbrds little facilities for navigation. 

Genito, a post village of Powhatan county, Virginia, on the 
left bank of the Appomattox river, twenty-nine miles W. from 
Eichmond. It contains one store and one flouring mill. 

Gerardstown, or Gerrardstown, a post village of Berkley 
county, Virginia, 166 miles N. by W. from Eichmond, contains 
three churches. 



244 



ALEXANDRIA BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



JAMES A. ENGIJSII. CHARLES M. CASTLEMAN. CHAULES A. BALDWIN. 

ENGLISH, CASTLEMAN & CO. 

IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN 

lliriitoittt, Ciitkg, ^ittiMiig Materials, 




Bar Iron, Cast, Shear & Blister Steel, 

HOLLOW WARE, MAILS, &c. 

A large stock of the above goods kept constantly on 
hand and will be sold to Country Merchants as low as 
they can be procured in any Market. 

ALSO A LARGE STOCK OF 





D 



A ND 



c3p xj r^ JB^T.:^ 

An examination of their Stock is requested. 



GL GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 245 

German Settlement, a post office of Preston county, Virginia, 
on the Baltimore and Ohio railroad, 270 miles N. W. from 
Kichmond. The village is called Mt. Carmel. 

Germantown, a village of Bath county, Virginia, half a mile 
from the Warm Springs. It has two stores, one hotel, and 
about 100 inhabitants. 

Germantown, a post village of Fauquier county, Virginia, 95 
miles N. by W. from Richmond. 

Gholsonville, a small post village of Brunswick county, Va. 

Giles, a county in the S. W. part of Virginia, has an area of 
about 550 square miles. It is intersected by the Kanawha or 
New river, and also drained by Walker's, Wolf, and Sinking 
creeks. Indian corn, wheat, oats, hay, butter and live stock 
are the staples. In 1850 this county produced 204,720 bushels 
of corn, 38,565 of wheat, fi8,494 of oats, 1960 tons of hay and 
83,120 pounds of butter. It contained 17 churches and 820 pu- 
pils attending public schools. Since the census of 1850 was 
taken the dimensions of the county have been reduced by the 
formation of Craig county out of the K E. part. Capital, Paris- 
burg. Population, 6570, of Avhom 5913 were free, and 657 slaves. 

Giles Court House, Va. See Parisburg. 

Gilmer, a county in the W. N. W. part of Virginia, has an 
area of 512 square miles. Indian corn, wheat, oats, hay and 
live stock are the staples. In 1850 this county produced 117,- 
990 bushels of corn, 5652 of wheat, 22,085 of oats, 1023 tons of 
hay and 33,277 pounds of butter. It contained one saw mill, 
one tannery, five churches, and 159 pupils attending public 
schools. The county contains salt springs and iron ore. It is 
ntersected by the Parkersburg and Weston turnpike. Capital, 
Glenville. Population, 3475, of whom 3403 were free and 72 
slaves. 

Glade Spring, a post village of Washington county, Virginia, 
ten miles from Abingdon ; is the seat of Emory and Henry col- 
lege, founded by the Methodists in 1838. 

Glenville, a small post village, capital of Gilmer county, 
Virginia, on little Kanawha river, 210 miles in a direct line 
W. N. W. from Richmond. 

Gloucester county, Virginia, situated on Chesapeake bay, in 
the S. E. part of the State, contains 280 square miles. Large 
quantities of oysters and wood are exported to New York and 



246 



ALEXANDRIA BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



J. J. ROBERTS. 



E. S. PLUMMER. 



KING STREET, 

A.IjiES3^j3L3M"X>:Fl.i:j^. 




ROBERTS & PLUMMER, Proprietors. 
<<•< > ■ 

Located in the centre of the business portion of the city, 
and within a few minutes' walk of all places of public Lec- 
tures and Amusement. 

The Proprietors assure their friends that no pains will be 
spared to make their stay at the MARSHALL HOUSE 
an agreeable one. 



4r^ ')Eyd? ^i^ S,? ^-o^ 'OT 
<^ M^ ^i & ^^ t^ 



m 



Will be in waiting at the Cars and Steamboats to convey 
passengers to this Hotel. 

BOA.IID I>EIl D^^Y S1.75. 



GR GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 247 

Philadelphia. In 1850 this county produced 336,063 bushels of 
corn, 65,551 of wheat, and 62 bales of cotton. There were 16 
flour, grist and saw mills, and two tanneries. It contained 14 
churches, 253 pupils attending public schools, and 95 attending 
academies or other schools. Formed in 1642. Capital, Glou- 
cester Court House. Population, 10,527, of whom 4970 were 
free, and 5557 slaves. 

Gloucester Court House, capital of Gloucester county, Vir- 
ginia, 82 miles E. S. E. from Eichmond. 

GoLANDSviLLE, or GoLANSviLLE, a post village in Caroline co., 
Virginia. 

Goochland, a county toward the S. E. part of Virginia, has 
an area of 260 square miles. James river forms the S. boundary 
through the whole length of the county. Tobacco,, Indian corn, 
wheat and oats are the staples. Extensive mines of bituminous 
coal are worked here, and gold has been found in small quan- 
tities. In 1850 this county produced 624,208 pounds of tobacco, 
276,338 bushels of corn, 141,999 of wheat and 104,018 of oats. 
There Avere 20 flour and saw mills, four coal mines, three tan- 
neries an,d one nail factory. It contained 15 churches, and 320 
pupils attending academies and other schools. Capital, Gooch- 
land Court House. Population, 10,352, of whom 4507 were 
free, and 5845 slaves. 

Goochland Court House, a post village, capital of Goochland 
county, Virginia, one mile N. from James river, and 28 W. from 
Eichmond. 

GoosE Creek, in the N. E. part of Virginia, rises in Fauquier 
county, flows north-eastward, crosses Loudoun county, and falls 
into the Potomac four miles E. from Leesburg, after a course of 
nearly 50 miles. 

GoRDONSViLLE, a post village of Orange county, Virginia, on 
the Central railroad, and at the terminus of the Orange and 
Alexandria railroad, 70 miles N. W. from Eichmond. 

GospoRT. — See Portsmouth. 

Granville, a post village of Monongalia county, Virginia, on 
the Monongahela river, 295 miles N. W. from Eichmond. 

Grape Island, a post office of Tyler county, Virginia. 

Grave Creek, a thriving post village, capital of Marshall 
county, Virginia, is pleasantly situated on the left bank of the 
Ohio, twelve miles below Wheeling. Big and Little Grave 



248 



RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 




GR GAZETTEER OF VIRtSINIA. 249 



creeks enter the river here, leaving an interval of a mile in 
width, on which the village is built. It is divided into two dis- 
tinct villages, of nearly equal size, namely, Elizabethtown and 
Moundsville, the former of which is the seat of justice. The 
name of the post office is Grave creek. The town contains a 
classical academy, two steam flouring mills, and about 1200 in- 
habitants. Moundsville derives its name from the mammoth 
mound, in the vicinity, one of the largest in the United States- 

Gravel Spring, a post office of Frederick county, Virginia. 

Graves' Mills, a post office of Washington county, Virginia, 
108 miles N. W. from Richmond. 

Grayson, a county in the S. S. W. part of Virginia, bordering 
on North Carolina, contains 340 square miles. It is drained by the 
Kanawha river. The Iron Mountain extends along the N. W. 
border and the Blue Ridge along the S. E. The county contains 
iron ore, and is amply supplied with water power. Indian corn 
oats, hay and live stock are the staples. In 1850 this county 
produced 177,260 bushels of corn, 110,770 of oats, 88,707 lbs. of 
butter and 3522 tons of hay. It contained 21 churches and 217 
pupils attending public schools. Organized in 1793, and named 
in honor of a member of the Virginia convention which ratified 
the federal constitution. Capital, Independence. Population, 
6677, of whom 6178 were free, and 499 slaves. 

Grayson Court House, of Virginia. See Independence. 

Grayson Sulphur Springs, of Carroll county, Virginia, on the 
bank of New river, 272 miles W. by S. from Richmond. These 
springs are surrounded by a hilly country remarkable for its 
salubrity. Buildings have been erected for the entertainment 
of visiters. 

Greasy Creek, a post office of Floyd county, Virginia. 

Great Bridge, a post village in Norfolk county, Virginia. 

Great Kanawha, a river in North Carolina and Virginia, has 
its sources in Ashe county of the former State, between the 
Blue Ridge and the Iron Mountain. Flowing north-eastward 
it enters Virginia and breaks through the Iron mountain on the 
northern border of Grayson county. After crossing Pulaski 
county, it assumes a north-westerly course, and traverses several 
ridges of the Alleghany chain, known by the local names of Walk- 
er's, Peter's, and Greenbrier mountains. Below the j^assage of the 
latter ridge, the river flows through Fayette county to the mouth 

32 



250 



RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



FOR SCOTTSVILLE & COLUMBIA. 

On and after Monday, January 8th, our Packet, 



CAPT. G. WYTHE MUNFORD, Jr. 

Will leave Kicbmond for ScottsviUe, every MONDAY, WEDNESDAY and FRIDAY, at 5 o'clock, P. 
M and arrive at ScottsviUe at i 1 o'clock, A. M., the next day. Ueturning, will leave ScottsviUe every 
TUKSD\Y and THUllSDA Y. at 2 o'clock, P. M , and arrive in Kichniond at 8 o'clock, A. M., the 
next day,— and SUNDAYS at 10 o'clock, A. M., and arrive in Richmond at 4 o'clock, A. M., on 
MONDAYS. 

THE PLOUG H-BO Y 

Will leave Richmond every TUESDAY, THURSDAY and SATURDAY, at 7 o'clock, A. M., 
arrive at Columbia at 7>^ o'clock, P. M. Returning, wiU leave Columbia at T o'clock, A. M., 
arrive in Richmond at half past 7 o'clock, P. M. 

Persons traveling on these PacUets can get all their Meals on Board 



and 
and 



iHOURS OF PASSING. 



COTTSVItiliE. 


Tuesd 


av 


i and 




TO 


Thu 


rsd 


ays. 


Sundays 


New Canton, 


5 


P 


M. 


1 P. M 


Columbia, 


1H 




" 


3i^ » 


Elk Hill, 


m 






4K " 


Pemberton, 


9V 






5M " 


Rock Castle, 


105^ 




" 


63^ " 


Bowling Hall, 


12 




M. 


s " 


Cedar Point, 


\'i}i 


A 


M. 


^% " 



FKOM 

SCOTTSVILLE. 



Michaux Ferry, 
Beaver Dam, 
Dover Mills, 
Manakin, 
Tuckahoe, 
Richmond, 



HOURS FOR PASSING. 




Sundays. 



9 A.M. 

9X " 

17 M. 
1 A. M, 

4 " 



STAUNTON, 




IVOODWARD & COALTER, Proprietors. 



GR GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 251 

of Clauley river, which, enters it from the right hand. The Kan- 
awha here attains a Avidth of 500 yards, and takes the name of 
the Great Kanawha. The falls, which occur about two miles 
below the junction, are somewhat remarkable for picturesque 
beauty, and form the limit of navigation. The whole stream 
is precipitated over a ledge of rocks 22 feet in height. Con- 
tinuing a north-western course, the river flows through a hilly 
region, abounding in salt springs and stone coal, passes by 
Charleston and enters the Ohio at Point Pleasant. Above 
the mouth of Gauley river it bears the local name of New river. 
The whole length is estimated at 400 miles, and the area 
drained, including its affluents, according to Darby, is 10,800 
square miles. It is navigated by steamboats from its mouth 
about seventy-five miles. 

Green Bank, a post office of Pocahontas county, Virginia. 

Green Bay, a post office of Prince Edward county, Virginia. 

Greenbottom, a post office of Cabell county, Virginia. 

Greenbrier, a county in the West central part of Virginia, 
has an area of 88U square miles. It is intersected by the Green- 
brier river, from which it derives its name. The surface is 
mostly occupied by mountain ridges of the Alleghany system 
and the intervening valleys. One of the former is called Green- 
brier mountain. The mean height of the arable land is esti- 
mated at about 1500 feet above the sea. Grain and grass 
are the staples. In 1850 this county produced 182,119 bushels 
of Indian corn, 4t,T*78 of wheat, 124,158 of oats and 6,359 tons 
of ha}'. It contained 22 churches, 900 pupils attending public 
schools, and 30 attending an academy. The main road from 
Eichmond to the Ohio river passes through the county. The 
White Sulphur Spring of this county is tlie most celebrated wa- 
tering place of Virginia. Formed in 1777. Capital, Lewisburg, 
Population 10,022, of whom 8,705 were free and 1,317 slaves. 

Greenbrier Mountain, in Greenbrier and Pocahontas coun- 
ties, in the West part of Virginia, has an elevation of more than 
2,000 feet. 

Greenbrier Kiver, of Western Virginia, rises at the base of 
Greenbrier mountain in the North part of Pocahontas county 
flows South-westward, crosses Greenbrier county, and enters the 
Kanawha or New river, on the border between Monroe and Mer- 
cer counties. The whole length is probably 150 miles. The mean 



252 PETERSBURG BUSINESS BIRECTORY. 

G-. "W. MINNIS, 

SPLMDIDDAdUEIIREIMfiilLlERy, 

Where Pictures of every style known in the PaKuerreian Art may he had in the shortest possible space 
of time, whicn, for correctness and beauty of (inisli, cannot be surpassed by any other establishment 
in the country. A line assortment of 

LOCKETS, BREAST PINS, RINGS, 8cC. 

Always on hand at the Gallery over 

LYO-N, ABRAHAM & DAVIS' STORf, PETERSBURG 
And Main street, 2d door from the Bridge, Lynchburg. 

JOSEPH TODP. E. O. IIINTON. THOMAS M. TIIAYLOR 

TODD, HINTON & TRAYLOR, 

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL 

WS tSm w W 'M B w B w BB E3I o* BH El W D B3 SSS w BIB B3 H lES! v» U 

Corner of Sycamore and Back streets, 

DEALERS IN FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC 

PAINTS, GLASSWARE, PERFUMERY, &c. 

PUBLISHED BY A. D. BANKS. 

EDITED BY A. D. I5Ai\IiS & A. M. KEILEY, 

Daily $4.00; Semi- Weekly $3.00 per annum, in advance. 



JOHN W. SYME, Editor and Proprietor. 

Daily Paper, per annum, $G.OO ; Trl-Weekly, per annum, $5.00. 

RATES OF ADVERTISING: 
In Daily — Paper included, ----- $40 per annum. 

In Tri-Weekly - 31 " 

Transient Advertisements, seventy-five cents per square. 

Printing Office on Bank street, next to the Exchange Bank. 

THE DAILY EXPRESS. 

BY A. F. CRUTfJHFIELD & CO. 

< ^»» » 

The DAILY EXPRESS is served to city subscribers at six aN") a qharter cents per week, 
payable to the Carrier weekly. Price for mailing Ft»LrR dollars per year. 

'I'lie WKEKLY EXPRESS, containing eight large quarto pages, is mailed for only TWO 
DOLLARS per annum. 

OFFICE IN THE EXPRESS BUILDINGS, BANK STREET. 



GR GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 253 

elevation of its valley is estimated at one thousand five hun- 
dred feet, as the mouth of the river has been found by measure- 
ment to be 1333 feet above the level of the sea. 

Greenbrier Run, a post office of Doddridge county, Virginia. 
Greene, a county in the East central part of Virginia, has an 
area of 230 square miles. The Rapidan river forms the boun- 
dary on the North East. The surface is diversified by high 
ridges and valleys, a part of the county lying on the south-east 
declivity of the Blue Ridge. The soil of the valleys is fertile. 
Indian corn, wheat and tobacco are the staples. In 1850, this 
county produced 137,293 bushels of corn, 42,416 of wheat and 
200,714 pounds of tobacco. There were six flour and grist 
mills, four saw mills, 2 tanneries and one wool-carding mill. 
It contained eight churches and 152 pupils actending public 
schools. A turnpike road has been commenced in the county. 
Organized in 1838. Capital, Stanardsville. Population 4400, 
of whom 2701 were free, and 1699 slaves. 

Greenfield, a post village in Nelson county, Virginia, 90 
miles W. N. W. from Richmond. 

Green Hill, a post office of Campbell county, Virginia. 
Green Level, a post office of Southampton county, Virginia- 
Greensburg, a post office of Preston county, Virginia. 
Green Spring Run, a post office of Hampshire county, Va. 
Greensville, a small village of Grayson county, Virginia, on 
the New river, 270 miles West by South from Richmond, was 
formerly the county seat. 

Green Valley, a post office of Bath county, Virginia. 
Greenville, a county in the South East part of Virginia, bor- 
dering on North Carolina, contains about 300 square miles. 
The Nottoway river bounds it on the North, and it is intersected 
by the Meherrin river. The Staple ^productions are corn, wlieat, 
tobacco and cotton. In 1850 there were raised 211,537 bushels 
of Indian corn; 17,619 of wheat; 138,000 pounds of tobacco; 
and 715 bales of cotton. It contained one iron foundry, 1 grist 
mill and one tannery, 12 churches and 125 pu])ils attending 
academies and other schools. The railroad from Riclimond to 
Weldon, North Carolina, passes through the county. Organ- 
ized in 1784. Capital, Hicksford. Population, 5,639, of whom 
1,854 were free and 3,785 slaves. 

Greenville, a post village of Augusta county, Virginia, on 



254 



PETERSBURG BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



VISCISII UD KOBTII (lliOLINI CUTIIIMf 



GENTLEMffl'S FDRNiSHIH 



WPh 



mi 



ODSE 



A. S. SHAFER 

5T3 T^ b:e> zm 02 ^ IS 'CS' IXi CSS-a 



@ 



Manufacturers and "Wholesale and Retail Dealers in 



^ 



mum 



Always on hand a complete assortment of 



Dress Coats, 
Frock Coats, 
Hunting Coats, 
Sack Coats, 
Business Coats, 
Over Coats, 
Summer Coats, 
Fall Coats, 
Winter Coats, 
Spring Coats, 

AND ALL OTHER KINDS OF COATS. 

Pants! Pants!! Pants!!! 

Read3--madc or made to order, 
in the most Fashionable style 
and at prices to suit customers. 

Vests! Vests! Vests! 

Suitable for every season, made 
from various Goods, Silk, Sa- 
tin, Cassimere, Tweed, Al- 
paca, Velvet, plain, figured 
and fancy. 

Keep constantly a full as- 
sortment of Furnishing Goods, 
such as 

mm, ran mm. diii iis, ciuiis. cimfs. scisfs, 

GLOVES, IIOSIEI^Y, 

And all other Goods usually kejjt in a Furnishing Siore. Having very great facilities 
for Manufacturing, we are' warranted in stating to the public that they may be 
assured of full satisfaction, promptness and dispatch being used in the execution of 
all orders, at this Establishment. 

A. S. SHAFER & CO. 




HA GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 255 

the South river, near its source. 120 miles W. N. W. from Rich- 
mond. It contains one academy, several stores, and one flour- 
ing mill. Population fi'om 300 to 400. 

Greenwood, a post office of Doddridge county, Virginia. 

Greigsville, a thriving post village of Preston county, Vir- 
ginia, on the Baltimore and Ohio railroad. 

Griffinsburg, a small post village of Culpepper county, Vir- 
ginia, 103 miles N. N. W. from Richmond. 

Griffithsville, a post office of Cahell county, Virginia. 

Grove Hill, a post office of Page county, Virginia. 

Groveton, a post office of Prince William county, Virginia. 

Guest Station, a post office of Russell county, Virginia. 

Guilford, a post office of Accomack county, Virginia. 

Guiney's, a post office of Caroline county, Virginia. 

GuYANDOTTE river, in the West part of Virginia, rises in the 
South East part of Logan county, and flowing in a general N. N. 
W. course, falls into the Ohio in Cabell county, about 10 miles 
above the mouth of the Sandy river. 

GuYANDOTTE, a thriving post village of Cabell county, Virginia, 
on the Ohio river, at the mouth of the Guyandotte, 228 miles 
below Wheeling, and 360 miles West by North from Richmond. 
It is an important point of steamboat debarkation, and the ter- 
minus of a turnpike extending to the watering places, and to 
Richmond, with which it communicates by a daily line of 
stages. A railroad is projected between this place and Coving- 
ton, to connect with the Central railroad. Guyandotte contains 
one or two churches and, perhaps, 1,000 inhabitants. 

Hadensville, a post office of Goochland county, Virginia. 

Hague, a post village in Westmoreland county, Virginia. 

Hainesville, a post office of Berkley county, Virginia. 

Hale's Ford, a post office of Franklin county, Virginia. 

Haleysburg, a post office of Lunenburg county, Virginia. 

Halifax, a county in the South part of Virginia, bordering on 
North Carolina, has an area of 960 square miles. The Staunton 
or Roanoke river forms its entire boundary on the North and 
East. It is intersected by the Dan river, which unites with the 
former on the border of the county, and also drained by the 
Banister and Hycootee rivers. Tobacco, Indian corn, wheat, 
oats, cattle and swine are the staples. By the census of 1850 
it produced more tobacco and oats than any other county in 



256 



ALEXANDRIA BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



C. C. BRADLEY, 

MANUFACTURER AND DEALER IN 











Corner of King and Alfred streets, 



/^[LlEX^lN] P[^D^ 



DEALER IN 




PIANOS, 

IBWIill 



5 



GUITARS, 

AOOQBOIONS VIOLINS, &G. 

Music, Books, Stationery, &c. 

SS. Z 3Xr G&- S T? I=L ES ES T? , 

UNDER WASHINGTON HALL, 





STABLERS' DffUG WAREHOU.., 

South Fairfax street, near King, 
.a.:ljJei zsl .a. isr Ty i^ I .a^ y 

ESTABLISHED 1793. 

JOHN LEADS EATER, 

(Sun'iving partner and successor of Wm. Stabler & Bro.) 
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL 

Keeps constantly on hand a full stock of goods in his line, fresh and genuine, suitable 
for city or country trade. 

Proprietor of Rice's Celebrated Worm Destroying Drops, &c. 



HA GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 257 

Virginia : the quantity of the former was not exceeded by any 
county in the Union, excepting Prince George of Maryland. 
There were raised in that year 6,485,762 pounds of tobacco, 
649,896 bushels of corn ; 146,769 of wheat and 365,182 of oats. 
There were five ilour mills, four grist mills, 2 manufactories of 
farming implements, and two tanneries. It contained 51 
churches; 252 pupils attending public schools and 36 pupils at- 
tending an academy. A rich mine of plumbago has recently 
been discovered. The county is intersected by the Eichmond 
and Danville railroad. Organized in 1752. Capital, Banister.^ 
Poj)ulation, 25,962 of whom 11,510 were free, and 14,452 
slaves. 
Halifax Court House, Virginia. See Banister. 
Hallsborough, a village of Chesterfield county, Virginia, 17 
miles S. W. from Eichmond. 

Hallsborough, a post office of Powhatan county, Virginia. 
Halltown, a post office in Jefferson county, Virginia. 
Hambaugh's, a post office of Warren county, Virginia. 
Hamburg, a post office of Shenandoah county, Virginia. 
Hamilton, a post village of Loudoun county, Virginia, about 
157 miles North from Eichmond. 

Hamlin, a post office of Cabell county, Virginia. 
Hampden Sidney College, a post ofiice of Prince Edward 
county, Virginia. 

Hampshire, a county in the North part of Virginia, bordering 
on Maryland, contains 850 square miles. It is drained by the 
Cacapon river and by the North and South branches of the Po- 
tomac. The surface is occupied by the valleys and ridges of the 
Alleghany chain. The soil of the lowlands is mostly fertile. 
Indian corn, wheat, oats, hay, butter and wool are the staples. 
In 1850 it produced 292,252 bushels of corn, 177,343 of wheat, 
84,118 of oats, 8996 tons of hay and 248,467 pounds of butter. 
There were 19 flour mills, one iron furnace, four woolen facto- 
ries and 11 tanneries. It contained 33 churches, 1,500 puijils 
attending public schools, and 145 attending academies and 
other schools. The county contains extensive beds of coal and 
iron ore, which are easily accessible by the Baltimore and 
Ohio railroad. The streams afford excellent water-power. Cap- 
ital, Eomney. Population 14,036, of whom 12,603 were free 
and 1,433 slaves. 

33 ^ 



258 



ALEXANDRIA BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



ISAAC ENTWISLE. 



WM. S. MOOEE. 



ENTWISLE & MOORE, 

XJMION STREET, 

3xr x> :e=5- I jA., 

MANUFACTURERS OF 

STATIONARY 

STBIM ENGINES 

And every description of 

MILL GEARING) 

SHAFTINGS, PULLEYS, 

And Machine work generally. 




Also, IRON FENCING, both "Wrought and Cast, of superior quality, on shortest notice. 



W. II. GARBEE. 



JOHN B. BRECKINRIDGE. 



S. L. STEVENSON. 



mmw^^ 



&'^ 







vim, H. GAHBER & CO,, Proprietors. 

SITUATED AT THE RAIL ROAD DEPOT. 

|I5^ STAGES leave daily for all parts of the country. 



HA GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 259 

Hampstead, a post village in King George county, Virginia, 
near the Potomac river, 56 miles N. N. E. from Eiclimond. 

Hampton, a borough, capital of Elizabeth City county, Vir- 
ginia, on the left bank of James river, about two miles from its 
entrance into the Chesapeake bay, and 96 miles S. E. from 
Eichmond. The part of the estuary of James river, situated 
between this town and Norfolk^ is called Hampton roads. Hamp- 
ton is an old town, possessing much historic interest, and has 
been the birth place of several distinguished naval officers. Its 
present importance is derived principally from its proximity to 
forts Monroe and Calhoun. The former, in addition to its 
other sources of expenditure, has lately become one of the most 
fashionable places of resort in the South. The beach in the 
vicinity aifords excellent bathing ground, and is thronged du- 
ring the summer months with the wealthy and fashionable, 
and by some invalids, assembled there from Virginia, Maryland 
and the Southern States. Fort Monroe is two and a half miles 
from Hampton. The town contains four churches, several 
hotels and numerous stores. Settled in 1*705. Population, about 
1400. 

Hancock, a new county, forming the K K W. extremity of 
Virginia^ bordering on Pennsylvania and on the Ohio river, 
has an area of about 100 square miles. The Ohio river forms 
its boundary on the N. and W., separating it from the State of 
Ohio. The surface is hilly ; the soil is fertile. Wheat, Indian 
corn, oats, wool, butter, and pork are the staples. In 1850 it 
produced 52,413 bushels of wheat, 52,392 of corn, 52,444 of oats, 
63,666 pounds of wool, and 75,966 of butter. There were eight 
flour, grist and saw mills, twelve brick manufactories, and two 
potteries. It contained six churches, 360 pupils attending pub- 
lic schools, and 25 attending an academy. Stone coal and fire- 
clay are among the most valuable minerals of the county. It 
was formed a few years ago, out of the Northern part of Brooke 
county. Capital, New Cumberland. Population, 4050, of whom 
4047 were free, and three slaves. 

Hanover, a county in the E. part of Virginia, contains about 
400 square miles. It is drained by the North Anna and South 
Anna rivers, which unite on the N. E. border of the county, 
and form the Pamunkey. The surface is hilly, and presents 
much diversity of soil. Wheat, maize, oats and tobacco are the 



260 



ALEXANDRIA BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 




cCLUNG & PEYTOH, 



PROPRIETORS. 

p^ The United States Hail Stage office is kept at this House. 



.^5LXiE!^jaLl«Q"J33E=LX.A. 




[F®[!^rai^^. 



FINISHERS & BELL FOUNDERS, 

' I »i« «i« Si 1* n. lEs 3e: ■!:■ , 

Between Cameron and Green, 



ADDIBON & HOTVAKD, 

COMISSIOMFORWABDiGMERCHiTS, 

AND CASH DEALERS IN 

AGRICULTLRAl IMPlElIEnS, 

SEEBS, ClU Ar¥0, 

PLASTER, &c. 

UNION STREET, 

ALEXANDRIA. 

(!t3= Particular attention paid to the sale of Wheat, Eye, Corn, &'C.=CdO 




HA GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA 261 

staples. In 1850 this county produced 377^616 bushels of In- 
dian corn, 157,388 of wlieat, 94,186 of oats, 404,550 pounds of 
tobacco, and 78,316 of butter. There were 24 flour and grist 
mills, three tanneries and two manufactories of farming imple- 
ments. It contained 27 churches, 56 pupils attending public 
schools, and 352 attending academies or other schools. The 
dividing line between the primitive and tertiary formations passes 
through this county. It is intersected by the Central railroad, 
and by the Kichmond and Potomac railroad. The streams 
afford extensive water power. Organized in 1720. Capital, 
Hanover Court House. Population 15,153, of whom 6,760 were 
free, and 8393 slaves. 

Hanover Court House, capital of Hanover county, Virginia, 
is situated one mile from the Pamunkey river, and twenty miles 
N. from Kichmond. The railroad from Eichmond to the Poto- 
mac passes near it. This place is memorable as the scene of 
Patrick Henry's early triumphs, and in more recent times as 
the birth place of Henry Clay. 

Hansonville, a post office of Kussell county, Virginia. 

Hardin's Tavern, a post office of Albemarle county, Virginia, 
88 miles W. by N. from Richmond. 

Hardware River, rises in Albemarle county, near the centre 
of Virginia, and falls into the James river in Fluvanna county. 

Hardwicksville, a post office of Nelson county, Virginia. 

Hardy, a county in the N. part of Virginia, bordering on 
Maryland, has an area of about 1400 square miles. It is in- 
tersected by the S. branch of the Potomac^ which, in its passage 
through the county, receives two affluents, called the North and 
South forks ; the county is also drained by the N. branch of the 
Potomac, and by Cacapon and Lost rivers. The surface is very 
mountainous and rocky. The North mountain forms its E. 
boundary ; the main Alleghany and Branch mountains extend 
across the county. The soil of the valleys is fertile. Indian 
corn, wheat, hay, cattle, pork and butter are the staples. In 
1850 this county produced 327,846 bushels of corn, 85,225 of 
wheat, 6362 tons of hay, and 119,686 of butter. There were 21 
flour, grist and saw mills, four wool carding mills, and five tan- 
neries. It contained eighteen churches, 622 pupils attending 
public schools, and 57 attending academies or other schools. 
The county has valuable mines of iron ore. It was named in 



262 



RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 




WHOLESALE AND EETAIL. 



OODMAN, 

No. 134 Main street, opposite Eagle Square, 

riohm:oni3. 

Invites the attention of all in want of clothing and furnishing goods to his large and 
extensive stock, which he will guarantee to sell at prices as low, if not lower, than 
any other Establishment in the city. All articles warranted of the best make, 
from finest to lowest grades. It is needless, after thelong trial which the Public has 
had with my goods, to say more. All I ask is a fair trial, and none v/ill be dissatisfied. 



A partial List of Clothing for Winter, Spring and Summer ; 



Double OVER SACKS, 

Beaver OVER SACKS, 

French Tiger COATS, 

DRESS COATS, 

Splendid SACKS, 

FROCK COATS, 

Heavy Business FROCKS, 

French Beaver OVERCOATS, 

OVERCOATS of all grades, 

Mackinaw, Tweeds, &c. 

French Business FROCKS, 

Black and Fancy Cassimere PANTS, 

CLOAKS, all grades, 

VESTS of Silk, Satin, Merino, Wool, Velvets, 

Valencias, Cassimeres, &c. 

In my stock of GENTLEMEN'S SUMMER 
WEAR, I am always prepared to show the 
Newest Styles and Latest Patterns of Goods- 
All kinds of Linen Frockf; and Sacks— MettiWy 
Camlet, Drap d'ete, Tweeds, and every other New 



Style which may present itself; Black, Fancy, 
White and other styles of Pants, and every kind 
of Vests, usually worn by Gentlemen, which I of- 
ler UNUSUALLY LOW. 
I have paid particular attention to the articles of 

SHIRTS AND DRAWERS. 

I keepalargesupply of Linen and Cotton Shirts, 
from $1 to .fa" each ; also, every variety of Under 
Shirts, Merino, liambs' Wool, Shaker, Net, Flan- 
nel, heavy, knit do ; also, Drawers of the cele- 
brated patent, that fit equal to well cut pantaloons; 
also. Buckskin and Silk Under Shirts and Draw- 
ers ; Collars, all styles and prices. 

Every description of Umbrellas, Gloves, Stocks, 
Half Hose, Ties, Suspenders, Cravats, Money 
Belts, Scarfs, Suspender Ends, Pocket Handker- 
chiefs, &c. 



INDIA RUBBER GOODS, 

OVERCOATS 



9 



CLOAK 



OS, GLOVES 



Also a large assortment of 
TRUNKS, CARPET BAGS, &c. 



HA GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 263 

lionor of Samuel Hardy, a member of Congress from Virginia 
in 1784. Capital, Moorefield. Population, 9543, of wliom 8283 
were free, and 1260 slaves. 

Hargrove's Tavern, a post office of Nansemond count}'', Va. 

Harmony, a post village in Halifax county, Virginia, 110 
miles S. W. from Riclimond. 

Harmony Grove, a post office of Taylor county, Virginia. 

Harper's Ferry, a post village of Jeiferson county, Virginia, 
is situated at the confluence of the Shenandoah with the Poto- 
mac river, where the united stream breaks through the Blue 
Ridge, 160 miles N. from Richmond, and 53 miles N. W. from 
Washington city. The scenery in the vicinity is in the highest 
degree beautiful and picturesque. Thomas Jeiferson considered 
the " passage of the Potomac through the Blue Ridge one of 
the most stupendous scenes in nature, and well worth a voyage 
across the Atlantic to witness." The place was originally 
named Shenandoah Falls. Its present name is derived from a 
ferry long since established across the Potomac, which is also 
spanned by a fine bridge, about 800 feet in length. The vil- 
lage is compactly, though irregularly, built around the base of 
a hill, and is the centre of considerable trade. It contains four 
or five churches, several manufactories and flouring mills, a 
United States armory, in which about 250 hands are employed, 
producing, among other articles, some 10,000 muskets annually, 
and a national arsenal. In the latter are continually stored 
from 80,000 to 90,000 stand of arms. As these are subject to 
the orders of the executive department at Washington, the de- 
ficiencies occurring from time to time are supplied from the 
factories. Harper's Ferry is in the line of the Baltimore and 
Ohio railroad, and at the northern terminus of a railroad con- 
necting it with Winchester. The Ohio and Chesapeake canal 
also passes along the opposite side of the Potomac. 

Harper's Home, a post office of Brunswick county, Virginia. 

Harper's Mills, a post office of Pendleton county, Virginia. 

Harris, a post office of Louisa county, Virginia. 

Harrisonburg, a neat and thriving post village, capital of 
Rockingham county, Virginia, 125 miles N. W. from Richmond. 
It is surrounded by a fertile and beautiful country, and has con- 
siderable business. There are three churches and two printing 
offices. Laid out in 1780. Population in 1853, estimated at 1300. 



264 



RICHMOND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



JOHN & G-EORG-E GIBBON, 




/ ^ I^M" DEOB 



B^a[L®i[^ 



3 



North Oorner of Gary and 6th Streets, 

iiichm:ond. 




B 




,,, Mwi'l feb^l ifefic^ 'jiMd W 






-Tprr , K~ ■&«? 





Execute all work in their line of Imsiness in a manner not to be snriiasscd. 

All kinds of 



(3 A 



fSIE'S WOIEIE 



done: in a neat and durable manner. 



All work executed by them is warranted, and their terms are reasonable and accom- 
modating. Every description of 

Pwrjiislied in any qnawtity, at sliort notice, and on reasonable terms. 

They solicit a share of public patronage. 



HE GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 265 

Harrisville, a small post-village, capital of Kitcliie county 
Virginia, 4 miles from the northwestern turnpike, and 37 miles 
E. from Parkershurg. It contains 2 churches. 

Hartwood, a post-office of Stafford county, Virginia. 

Hat Creek, a post-office of Campbell county, Virginia. 

Hawsburg, a post-village in Eappahannock county, Virginia, 
130 miles N. N. W. from Eichmond. 

Hayes' Store, a post-office of Gloucester county, Virginia. 

Hayleysburg, a post-office of Lunenhurg county, Virginia, 95 
miles S, W. from Richmond. 

Hay Market, a post-village in Prince William county, Vir- 
ginia, 110 miles N. from Richmond, 

Hayter's GrAP, a post-office of Washington county, Virginia. 

Hazard Forge, a post-office of Hardy county, Virginia. 

Head of Clinch, a post-office of Tazewell county, Virginia. 

Head Waters, a post-office of Highland county, Virginia. 

Heathsville, a handsome post-village, capital of Northum- 
berland county, Virginia, is situated on the Northern Neck, 92 
miles N. E. from Richmond, and 1 mile from the head of Coan 
river, a navigable inlet opening into the Potomac. It has a 
large church, an academy, and a mill. 

Hebron, a post-office of Tyler county, Virginia, 

Hedgesville, a thriving post-village of Berkley county, Vir- 
ginia, 1 mile from the Baltimore and Ohio railroad, 187 miles 
N. by W. from Richmond. Population, about 300. 

Hedgman's River, in the N. E. part of Virginia, flows along 
the S. W, border of Fauquier county, and unites with Thorn- 
ton's river to form the North river, or Rappahannock. 

Hendricks' Mills, a post-office of Russell county, Virginia. 

Hendricks' Store, a post-office of Bedford county, Virginia, 
Henrico, hen-ri'co, a county towards the S. E, part of Vir- 
ginia, has an area of 280 square miles. The James river forms 
its boundary on the S. W., and the Chickahominy on the N. E- 
The surface is diversified by hills of moderate height and de- 
clivity, j)resenting abrupt precipices along the banks of the 
rivers. The soil, with small exceptions, is light and inferior. 
Wheat, Indian corn, oats, hay, cotton, and butter are the sta- 
ples. In 1850 this county produced 113,044 bushels of wheat • 
266,011 of corn ; 83,832 of oats ; 2196 tons of hay ; 338 bales 
of cotton, and 66,615 pounds of butter. There were 32 tobacco 

34 



266 



BALTIMORE SUBSCRIBERS. 



THOMAS ROBINSON, 

IMPORTER AND WHOLESALE DEALER IN 




1 



SECr A 



m 



m 



9 



C. 



JVo. 53 SIOUTJI SITREET\ 



JOHN HIGBIE. 



J. BAKLING, JR. 



JOHN HIGBIE & CO. 
Distillers of and Wholesale Sealers in 



FOR ETHEREAL OIL DEALERS, 
No. 11 President Street, Baltimore. 

THOMAS J. FLACK, 

CONTINUES THE RECTIFYING AND DISTILLING OF 



if 



raw J 



AND ALL IMPORTED LIQUORS, 
At the Old Stand, Corner of Bowly & Gilford Sts. 

CUMBERLAND VALLEY & CHAMBERSBURG 



FORWARDING & COMMISSION HOUSE, 

DEPOT, 120 NORTH HOWARD STREET, BALTIMORE. 



ir-fr-un-Mr'Tic S J- WUNDEELICH, SHrppKNSBtmG, Pa. 
LBfBKurn^tis.. ^ WUNDEKLICH & NEAD, Chambebsbukg, 



Pa. 



HI GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 2(57 

factories, 10 flour and grist mills, 4 cliandleries, 1 paper mill, 1 
iron foundry, 4 coal mines, 5 saw mills, 1 iron forge, and 4 ma- 
chine shops. It contained 44 cliurches, 15 newspaper offices, 
859 jjupils attending public schools, and 1123 attending acade- 
mies and other schools. The dividing line between the tertiary 
and primary formations passes through the county. Large 
quantities of bituminous coal are procured in the western part. 
The falls of James river, at Richmond, afford extensive water- 
power. The James river and Kanawha canal has its eastern 
terminus in this county, and three lines of railways connect 
with each other at Richmond, namely, the Richmond and Dan- 
ville, the Richmond and Petersburg, and the Richmond and 
Potomac. Henrico is the most populous county in the State. 
Richmond is the county seat and capital of Virginia. Named 
in honor of Prince Henry of England, son of James the first. 
Population about 60,000. 

Henrie's Fork, a post-office of Gilmer county, Virginia. 

Henry, a county in the S. part of Virginia, bordering on 
North Carolina, has an area of about 325 square miles. Smith's 
river, an affluent of the Dan, flows through the county. The 
surface is hilly ; the soil produces tobacco, Indian corn and 
wheat. In 1850 there were raised 1,013,0*79 pounds of tobacco ; 
232,311 bushels of corn, and 29,704 of wheat. There were 6 
flour, grist, and saw mills, 2 tanneries, and 22 tobacco facto- 
ries. It contained 13 churches, and 1391 pupils attending pub- 
lic schools. Formed in 1776, and named in honor of the cele- 
brated orator, Patrick Henry. Capital, Martinsville. Popula- 
tion, 8872, of whom 5532 were free, and 3340 slaves. 

Henry, a post-office of Sussex county, Virginia. 

Hereford's, a post-office of Mason county, Virginia. 

Hermitage, a post-office of Augusta county, Virginia. 

Hevener's Store, a post-office of Highland county, Virginia, 

Hickory Fork, a post-office of Gloucester county, Virginia. 

Hickory Ground, a post-office of Norfolk county, Virginia. 

Hicksford, a post-village, capital of Greenville county, Vir- 
ginia, on the Meherrin river, and on the great Southern line of 
railroad, 02 miles S. from Richmond. The Greenville and 
Roanoke railroad extends from this point to Gaston. 

Higginsville, a post-office of Hampshire county, Virginia. 

Highland, a county in the central part of Virginia, contains 



268 BALTIMORE SUBSCRIBERS. 

JOHN & JOSEPH WALKER, 
PAINTS, OILS, WINDOW-GLASS, 

JDJ'H'STUFFS JPERFirjfTERir, ^c. 

No. 41 SOUTH CHARLES STREET, NEAR LOMBARD STREET, 

:0.A.XjTI3VEO3Et3E3- 

WM. McGOWAN. JOHN 0. McGOWAN. 

JOHN McGOWAN & SONS, 

<2r 3E1.0 O 1BI£1.S» 




AND 



COMMISSION MERCHANTS, 

No. 3Y§ i;VEST MARKET STREET, 



C. C. O'NEIL, 

COMMISSION MERCHANT 

AND DEALER IN IMPOETED 

BRANDIES, WINES, GIN, 

LONDON BROWN STOUT, 
Scotch Ales, Domestic Liquors, Segars, 

COUNTKY PKODUCE GENEP.ALLY, 

Choice G-roceries, Teas, &c. 

S. E. CORNER OF HOWARD AND PRATT STREETS, 

(Near B. & O. R. R. Depot,) 



i^^i^a]^^ "JCD 



DRAKELY & FENTON, REYNOLDS, SMITH & CO. 

E. GARRETT & SONS, G. R. GAITUER, Esq. 

C. C. JAMIESON, Prest. Bank of Balto. L. B, BANKS, Prest. U. M. Co. Md. 

MILLER & MAY HEW. 



HO GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 269 

about 400 square miles. The head streams of the Potomac and 
James rivers rise within its limits, and flow in opposite direc- 
tions. The surface is diversified by valleys and mountains, 
having the main Allegany on the N. W. border, and Jack- 
son's River mountain in the middle. The highlands produce 
valuable timber and excellent pasture, and contain iron ore. 
Indian corn, wheat, oats, hay, and butter are the staples. In 
1850 the county produced 54,241 bushels of corn ; 22,456 of 
wheat; 34,644 of oats; 6354 tons of hay; and 83,067 pounds of 
butter. There were 3 grist mills and 4 tanneries. It con- 
tained 10 churches, and 135 pupils attending academies or 
other schools. Formed, in 1848, of parts of Bath and Pendle- 
ton counties. Capital, Monterey. Population, 4227 ; of whom 
3863 were free, and 364 slaves. 

Highland, a post-office of Eitchie county, Virginia. 

HiGHViEW, a post-office of Frederick county, Virginia. 

Hill GtROVE, a post-office of Pittsylvania county, Virginia. 

Hillsborough, a post-village of Loudoun county, Virginia, 165 
miles N. from Richmond. It contains 1 or 2 churches, 1 acad- 
emy, and 2 flour mills. Population, about 300. 

Hillsborough, a post-village of Tyler county, Virginia, on 
Middle Island creek, 6 miles from the Ohio river, has about 100 
inhabitants. 

Hillsville, a post-village, capital of Carroll county, Virginia, 
260 miles W. by S. from Richmond. It contains a court house, 
a church, and an academy. Population about 200. 

Holcomb's Rock, a post-office of Bedford county, Virginia. 

Holliday's Cove, a post-office of Hancock county, Virginia. 

Holly River, a post-office of Braxton county, Virginia. 

'HoLSTON, a post-office of Washington county, Virginia. 

Holy Neck, a post-office of Nansemond county, Virginia. 

Honeyvelle, a post-village of Page county, Virginia, on Honey 
creek, 137 miles N. W. from Richmond. It contains 1 church 
and several mills. 

HooDSViLLE, a post-office of Marion county, Virginia. 

Hope Mills, a post-office of Page county, Virginia, 140 miles 
N. W. from Richmond. 

HoREB, a post-office of Bedford county, Virginia. 

Horn Creek, a post-office of Gilmer county, Virginia. 

HoRNTOWN, a small post-village of Accomac county, Virginia, 



270 



BALTIMORE SUBSCRIBERS. 




FAYETTE STREET, 

3V£:./VfC THE! IIOIjIjia3A.Y S1"H.EE!1' THU-a-THIEI, 

[B^LTD[M]©[^[Eo 

HI. SIIUOIV, Proprietor. 



JAMES J. LAWN, 




FIRE-PROOF ISVAREHOUSE & R. R. DEPOT, 

No. 136 North Howard Street, 

113 A Ed ^ H MI ® 3B H 



|l3="Buy9 and sells Flour, Pork, Beef, Bacon, Lard, Butter, Cheese, Clover and 
Timothy Seed, Grain and Produce in general ; also Tobacco, Hemp and Leather. 

Groceries furnished at a very small advance over Importers' prices, for Cash. 

BALTIMORE REFERENCES : 

CHAUNCET BROOKS, Esq., President of the "Western Bank, COL. JNO. 8. GlTTINGS, President 
of the Chesaneake Bank, Messrs. .TOSIAH LEE & Co., Bankers, D. HAYS, Esq., Messrs. KIRK- 
LAND CHASE & CO., Messrs. J. C. WILSON & CO.; Messrs. FOESYTHE & HOPKINS, B. 
C. BAKER, Esqs., Wheeling, Ya. 



SAMUEL G. MATHEWS. 



H. FLETCHER ZOLLICKOFFER. 



MATHEWS & ZOLLICKOFFER, 




No. 128 N. Howard Street, 

CONSiaNMENTS SOLICITED. 

Will pay particular attention to the purchase of Guako and all Chemical Fertilizers. 

■ »•«» 

Cleany & Co., Cincinnati. 

jMatingly & Gilpin, Parkersbiirg;, Va. 

Hon. F. K. Zolliekoffer, Nashville, T. 

F. Collier, Esq., Attorney at Law, Pittsburg, Pa. 

.Jos. Uellajilane, Esq., Hillsboro, O. 

C. W. Button, Esq., Harper's Ferry, Va. 

D. McConaugby, Esq., Attorney at Law, Gettys- 
burg, Pa. 



Israel Griffith, Esq., 
Christian Keener, Esq., 
Dr. David Keener, 
E. L. Parker & Co., 
Barlholow, Tiffany & Co., 
Long & Byni, 
Hurst and Berry, 



)■ BaUhnore. 



David Johnson, Esq., Jefferson Co., Ya. 



IN GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 271 

is on a navigable creek whicli communicates with the Atlantic, 
26 miles N. E. from Accomac Court House. 

Horse Pasture, a post-office of Henry county, Virginia. 

Hot Springs, a post-village of Bath county, Virginia, 175 
miles W. N. W. from Kichmond. This place is situated in a 
narrow valley, and surrounded by a mountainous region which 
is remarkable for the salubrity of its climate and for the charm- 
ing character of its scenery. There are several springs here, 
which vary in temperature from 98° to 106°, and are consid- 
ered efficacious in the cure of dyspepsia, rheumatism, affections 
of the liver, etc. The water contains the sulphates of lime and 
of magnesia, the carbonates of lime and of magnesia, and sul- 
phate of soda. A spring of extremely cold water rises in close 
proximity to one at 98°. Several bathing houses and other 
buildings have been erected here. 

Howardsville, a post-office of Albemarle county, Virginia, 

HoYSViLLE, a post-village of Loudoun county, Virginia, 165 
miles N. from Kichmond. 

Hughes Kiver, of Western Virginia, rises in Lewis and Dod- 
dridge counties, flows Westward and enters the Little Kanawha 
river, near the northern border of Wirt county. 

HuGHESViLLE, a post-villago of Loudoun county, Virginia, 154 
miles N. from Eichmond. 

Humility, a post-office of Pulaski county, Virginia. 

HuNTERSViLLE, a small post-village, capital of Pocahontas 
county, Virginia, 220 miles W. IST. W. from Kichmond, is sit- 
uated between the Allegany and Greenbrier mountains. 

Hunting Creek, a post-office of Accomac county, Virginia. 

Hurricane Bridge, a post-office of Putnam county, Vir- 
ginia. 

Huttonsville, a post-village of Kandolph county, Virginia, 
200 miles N. W. from Richmond. 

Hyco, a post-office of Halifax county, Virginia. 

Hyco Falls, a post-office of Halifax county, Virginia. 

Hydraulic Mills, a post-village of Albemarle county, Vir- 
ginia, 100 miles W. N. W. from Kichmond. 

Ice's Ferry, a post-office of Monongalia county, Virginia. 

Independence, a small post-village, capital of Grayson county, 
Virginia, 288 miles W. S. W. from Kichmond. It is situated in 
a wild, mountainous region. 



272 



BALTIMORE SUBSCRIBERS. 



MAULDEN FERINE. M. DAVID FERINE 

M. FERINE & SON. 

jSIAN UFACTUREKS OF 

if (0)11 ^ lllflli will 

FIRE BRICKS, SLABS, &c. 

FOR COAL. STOVES, 

Nos. 709 and 711 West Baltimore Street, 



d 



i^ S. 1? S M €) M 1 o 



WM. P. BOKEE & CO. 

Wholesale and Retail Dealers in 

Fancy Hardware, Cutlery, &c. 

No. 3 HARRISON STREET, 

STONE WARE AT FACTORY PRICES. 

GEORGE M. BOEEE, 

LATE J. C BOKEE & CO. 

Importer and Dealer in 

AND 

No. 41 North Hov/'ard Street, 

Between Fayette and Lexington Streets, 

Respectfully invites the attention of Merchants, Hotel 
Keepers, and Heads of Families, to an examination of his 
Stock and prices before purchasing elsewhere. 



JA GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 273 

Independence, a small village of Preston county, Virginia, on 
the Baltimore and Ohio railroad. 

Independence Hill, a post-office of Prince William county, Va. 

Indian Creek, a post-village of Monroe county, Virginia, 190 
miles W. from Richmond. 

Indian Valley, a post-office of Floyd county, Virginia. 

Ireland, a post-office of Lewis county, Virginia. . 

Irisburg, a post-office of Henry county, Virginia. 

Iron Mountain, in the S. W. part of Virginia, between Gray- 
son and Smith counties, near the border of North Carolina. Its 
highest summit, termed Whitetop mountain, is said to be 4260 feet 
above the level of the sea. 

Isle of Wight, a county in the S. E. part of Virginia, at the 
mouth of James river, which washes the N. E. border. It has an 
area of about 230 square miles. The Blackwater river forms the 
W. boundary. The surface is nearly level ; the soil is generally 
thin and sandy. A portion of the land is occupied by swamps and 
pine forests. Indian corn is the staple product. Bacon of superior 
quality is exported. In 1850 there were raised 315,699 bushels of 
corn, and 89,713 of sweet potatoes. It contained 1 cotton factory, 
1 saw mill, and 1 tannery ; 1 9 churches, 149 pupils attending pub- 
lic schools, and 56 attending academies or other schools. The Isle 
of Wight was one of the eight original shires into which Virginia 
was divided in 1634. Capital, Smithfield. Population, 9353, of 
whom 5958 were free, and 3395 slaves. 

Ives' Store, a post-office of Princess Anne county, Virginia. 

Ivy Creek Mills, a post-office of Bedford county, Virginia. 

Jackson, a county in the W. N. W. part of Virginia, bordering on 
the Ohio river, which separates it from the State of Ohio, contains 
405 square miles. The Ohio river washes its W. border, and it is 
drained by the Sandy and Big Mill Creeks. The surface is hilly; 
the soil is generally adapted to grazing, and there is good arable 
land near the streams. The chief productions are corn, wheat, oats, 
hemp, lumber, pork and cattle. In 1850 there were raised 257,242 
bushels of Indian corn ; 16,630 of wheat ; 43,324 of oats, and 
98,561 pounds of butter were made. There were 13 flour, grist, 
and saw mills, 1 wool-carding mill, and 2 tanneries ; 3 churches, 
and 1350 pupils attending public schools. The county contains 
limetone of good quality. Capital, Ripley. Population, 6544, of 
whom 6491 were free, and 52 slaves. 

35 



274 



BALTIMORE SUBSCRIBERS. 



W. B. HOLLINGSWORTH & CO. 

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALERS IN 
I? 



AND IMPORTERS OF FRENCH AND ENGLISH 



IMS SftH'ElflSS- 
Chemical Ware, Perfumery, &c. 

No. 36 SOUTH CHARLES STREET, 

:0 .A- I-. T XTi/L O 3FL E3, 

W. B. HOLLINGSWORtH & CO. 

AGENTS OF THE 

UNION GLASS CO. 

TUMBLERS, GOBLETS, NAPPIES, DISHES, 

Wines, Lamps, Jars, &c. &c. 

» »»» » 

DRUGGISTS' GLASS AND PORCELAIN IV ARES, 

No. 36 SOUTH CHARLES STREET, 

PETER SAUERWEIN & SON, 



rL®ii 



No. 110 North Howard Street, 



^ 



Our Firm having been established for more than seventy 
years, we deem it unnecessary to give any special refer- 
ences. 

Consignments of Produce generally are solicited, upon 
which the most liberal advances will be made. 



JA GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 276 

Jackson, a post-village of Louisa county, Virginia, 37 miles N. 
W. from Richmond. 

Jackson Court House, Virginia. See Ripley. 

Jackson's Ferry, a post-office of Wythe county, Virginia. 

Jackson's River of Virginia, the principal constituent of James 
river, is formed by two branches, the North and South forks, which 
rise in Highland county, in the N. central part of the State, and 
flowing south-westward, unite in Bath county. The river then pur- 
sues a southerly course to the mouth of Potts' creek, in Allegany 
county, where it turns toward the north-east, and flowing through 
rugged mountain passes, unites with the Cowpasture river, (the 
other branch of the James river,) near the boundary between Alle- 
gany and Botetourt counties, about 15 miles below Covington. 
The passage of this river through Waite's mountain is remarkable 
for its sublime scenery. The length of the main stream is estimated 
at above 50 miles, and each of the branches has about the same 
extent. 

Jacksonville, a small post-village, capital of Floyd county, 
Virginia, 230 miles W. by S. from Richmond. It contains the 
county buildings, a church, an academy, and about 250 inhabitants. 

Jacob's Church, a post-office of Shenandoah county, Virginia. 

Jake's Run, a post-office of Monongalia Co., Virginia. 

Jamaica, a post-office of Middlesex Co., Virginia. 

James City, a county in the S. E. part of Virginia, contains 184 
square miles. The York river bounds it on the N. E., the James 
river on the S., and the Chickahominy on the W. The surface is 
undulating. Corn, wheat, oats, and butter are cultivated. In 1850 
this county produced 102,430 bushels of corn ; 25,476 of wheat ; 
22,040 of oats ; and 17,785 pounds of butter. There were in that 
year 280 pupils attending academies and other schools. The ex- 
ports consist of oak and pine wood for fuel, and oysters. This is 
one of the eight original shires into which Virginia was divided in 
1634. Capital, Williamsburg. Population 4020, of whom 2152 
were free, and 1868, slaves. 

James River, the largest of the rivers which have their course 
wholly within the State of Virginia, is formed by the Jackson and 
Cowpasture rivers, which unite 15 miles below Covington, on the 
border between Allegany and Botetourt counties. Flowing first 
south-eastward through the mountains of Central Virginia, it is 
joined by the Calfpasture river from the left at the base of the Blue 



276 BALTIMORE SUBSCRIBERS. 



:0 .^. Xji 7 X 3VC O FL DE3 



[BUOTTlTil^ WmiWlH) 



Counting Room, 69 Ezichange Place. 



ELLICOTT & HEWES, 

COMMISSION AGENTS 



FOR TH E SALE OF 



In Baltimore^ mlftd. 

Country Merchants having BUTTER to consign to this market, will 
find it much to their interest to send it to us, as we devote our whole time 
exclusively to this article, which enables us to render prompt sales at en- 
tirely satisfactory prices. Those wishing to purchase, will find at the 
WAREHOUSES every kind and quality at all seasons of the year. 

The most entire satisfaction guaranteed. 



CHARLES H. ROSS & CO. 

IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC 

LIQUORS, "WINES, &c. 

No. 20 Commerce Street, one door North of Pratt, 
BALTIMORE, 

Keep constantly in Store and United States Bonded Warehouses, 

Cognac Brandy, "Hennessy," "Otard, Dupuy & Co., "Jean 
Louis," Dark and Pale. Rochelle Brandy, " A Seignette," 

" Eugene Robin," " L. Durand & Co.," Dark and Pale. 
HOLLAND GIN, IRISH AND SCOTCH WHISKEY. 

WINES. 

Madeira, Port, Sherry, Teneriffe, Champagne and Claret; Imitation 

Sweet Malaga Wine. 

OLD RYE WHISKEY OP VARIOUS QUALITIES, 

Some very superior and highly improved by age, to which we particularly invite the 
attention both of the City Trade and Merchants visiting the city. 

Domestic Brandy and Gin, N. E. Rum, Rectified Whiskey, Aniseed, Cinnamon, 
and Peppermint Cordials, Pure and Mild Cherry Brandy, Pure Blackberry Brandy 
Old Peach and Apple Brandy 



JE GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 277 

Ridge, through which it forces a passage about 15 miles N. E. from 
the Peaks of Otter. It then flows south-eastward, passes by Lynch- 
burg, and at the southern extremity of Amherst county changes its 
course to the north-east. Below Scottsville its general direction is 
east-south-east. After passing by Richmond, where the channel is 
divided by numerous islands, and the river descends over rocky 
rapids about 6 miles in extent, it gradually expands into an estuary 
of several miles in width, and flows into the southern extremity of 
Chesapeake bay, between Willoughby Point and Old Point Com- 
fort. The whole length, exclusive of the branches, is about 450 
miles. The tide ascends to Richmond, about 150 miles from the 
sea. It is navigable for vessels of 130 tons to the port of Rich- 
mond, from which point the James River and Kanawha canal has 
been constructed along the upper part of the river. This canal is 
completed to Buchanan, beyond the Blue Ridge, and is to be extended 
to Covington on Jackson's river. Here it will connect with the 
eastern terminus of the Covington and Ohio railroad, now in course 
of construction. James river passes through a fertile and populous 
country, and is an important channel of trade. The chief towns on 
its banks are Richmond, Lynchburg, Scottsville, Manchester, and 
Buchanan. That part of the estuary which lies between Hampton 
and Norfolk is called Hampton Roads. 

Jamestown, a village in James City county, Virginia, on the N. 
bank of Jamestown river, 50 miles E. S. E. from Richmond. The 
first English settlement in the United States was made at this place 
in 1608 ; nothing now remains but a few ruins. 

Janatts, a post-office of Sussex Co., Va. 

Janelew, a post-village of Lewis county, Virginia, about 280 
miles N. W. from Richmond. 

Jarrett's, a post-office of Sussex county, Virginia. 

Jarrett's Ford, a post-office of Kanawha county, Virginia, 

Jefferson, a county in the N. N. E. part of Virginia, bordering 
on the Potomac, which separates it from Maryland, has an area of 
260 square miles. It is intersected by the Shenandoah, which 
enters the Potomac on the north-eastern border, and bounded on the 
N. W. by Opequan creek. The county occupies part of the Great 
Valley of Virginia, having the Blue Ridge on its S. E. border. 
The surface is rolling, and the soil remarkably fertile. Wheat, 
Indian corn, hay, butter, cattle and swine are the staples. In 1850 
this county produced 472,008 bushels of wheat ; 287,395 of corn ; 



278 BALTIMORE SUBSCRIBERS. 



W. & T. THOMPSON, 

IMPORTERS OF 

21 SOUTH STREET, 
lO .A, I^ T I JVC O I^ ES- 

CHRISTOPHER WEST, 

Nos. 15 and 17 SHARP STREET, BALTIMORE, 

MAJfUFACTUKEE AND DEALER IN 

uraisi/aiL ©OIL OS ©ismsa® wmm, 

Gamphene, Pine Oils, and Alcohol, 

80 and 95 Per Cent- 

ETHEREAL OIL, ALCOHOL AND CAMrHENE 
In Superior Barrels for Shipping, prepared expressly for the purpose to prevent Evaporation. Also a 
large assortment of LAMPS, ol" every style and finish, all of which will be sold on the lowest terms. 

WM. H. BROWN & BROTHER, 

IMPORTERS AND WHOLESALE DEALERS IN 

Oils, Paints, Window Glass, &c. 

TVo. 4 South liiberty i§treet, 

RIHAED THOMPSON, 

No, 143 Fayette Street, between Howard & Park Streets, 

MANUFACTURER AND DEALER IN 

Coach, Barouch & Buggy Lamps, &c. 

OF EVERY DESCRIPTION, 

Patent, Enameled and Colored Canvas, Oil Cloth, &c. 

DASH, ENAMELED AND COLLAR LEATHER, 

Fellows, Spokes, Hubs and Bows, Springs, Axles, Carriage and Tire 
Bolts, Brass, Silver, and Malable Bands. 

Knobs, JVailS) Curtain Frames, l¥liip Sockets, &c, 

MALABLE CASTINGS OF EVERT DESCRIPTION. 

Coach, Japan and Leather Varnish, &c., Wholesale and Retail. 



JO GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 279 

5558 tons of hay; 130,198 pounds of butter. There were 2 cotton 
factories, 23 flour mills, 5 cotton and woolen factories, 1 United 
States armory, and 2 iron foundries. It contained 20 churches, 
1000 pupils attending public schools, and 165 attending acadamies 
or other schools. The rock which underlies the county is fine lime- 
stone. The passage of the Potomac through the Blue Ridge, at 
Harper's Ferry, so much admired for its picturesque effect, will be 
described under the head Virginia. This county is intersected by 
the Baltimore and Ohio railroad, and by the Winchester and Poto- 
mac railroad. Organized in 1801. Capital, Charlestown. Popu- 
lation, 15,357, of whom 11,016 were free, and 4341, slaves. 

Jefferson, a post-village of Powhatan county, Virginia, on the 
S. bank of James river, 35 miles above Richmond. 

Jeffersonton, a post-village of Culpepper county, Virginia, on 
the Rappahannock river, 109 miles N. N. W. from Richmond. It 
contains 1 church and about 300 inhabitants. 

Jeffersonville, a post-village, capital of Tazewell county, 
Virginia, one mile S. from Clinch river, and 300 miles W. by S. 
from Richmond. It is situated near the base of Rich mountain. It 
has 1 bank. 

Jeffrey's Store, a post-office of Nottoway county, Virginia. 

Jenning's Gap, a post-village of Augusta county, Virginia, ]33 
miles W. N. W. from Richmond. There is a pass, through North 
Mountain at this place. 

Jenning's Ordinary, a post-office of Nottaway county, Va., 

Jerusalem, a small post-village, capital of Southampton county, 
Virginia, on the Nottoway river, 75 miles S. S. E. from Richmond. 

Jetersville, a post- village of Amelia county, Virginia, 54 miles 
S. W. from Richmond. 

Johnson's Springs, a post-village of Goochland county, Va., 
28 miles W. from Richmond. 

Johnsontown, a post-office of Northampton county, Virginia. 

JoNESBORouGH, a post-village of Brunswick county, Virginia, 
about 90 miles S. by W. from Richmond. 

Jones' Mills, a post-office of Washington county, Virginia. 

Jones' Spring, a post-office of Berkeley county, Virginia. 

Jonesville, a small post-village, capital of Lee county, Virginia, 
on Powell's river, 392 miles W. S. W. from Richmond. It is 
situated on a beautiful eminence, near the foot of Cumberland moun- 
tain. Population, about 300. 



280 



BALTIMORE SUBSCRIBERS. 




W. T. WALTERS & CO 



9 



No. 68 Exchange PlacOj Baltimore. 



IN BONDED WAEE HOUSES OF OUK OWN IMPORTATION: 

Cognac Brandies— " Otard," "Hennessy," "Pinnet," " Martell," &c. 
Rochelle Brandies — " Seignettc," " Pellevoisin,'' " Durand k Co.," &c., &c. 
Holland Gin—" " Grape," " Crown," " Imperial Pear," &c. &c. 
Wines— Including " Champagne," " Sherry," " Port," " Madeira," &c. 

AMERICAN LIQUOES, included in which we guarantee the finest stock of Old Eve Wiusket in 
the United States, "Bakee," "JonNSTON Maetin," "Puee Ete," "Extra Supeeiok," (Star "Su- 

PEBIOK," and "MONONGAHELA." 

Domestic Brandy, Gin, Pure Spirits, Tuscaloosa Extra, Eectified Whiskey, Bitters, Imitation Wine, 
&c. Ginger, Easpberry, Lavender and Wild Cherry Brandy. All gxiaranteed to be unsurpassed' 
and to give satisfaction or be taken back . 



KI GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 281 

Junction, a post office, of Hanover county, Virginia. 

Junction Store, a post-office of Botetourt county, Virginia. 

Canawha, a county in the W. part of Virginia, has an area of 
1176 square miles. It is intersected by the Great Kanawha, from 
which the name is derived, and also drained by the Elk, Coal, and 
Pocatalico rivers. The surface is beautifully diversified by moun- 
tains, hills, and fertile valleys. The highlands are mostly covered 
with forests, and contain inexhaustible beds of stone coal. Indian 
corn, wheat, oats, hay, and butter are the staples of agriculture. 
Large quantities of salt are prepared from numerous springs on the 
banks of the Kanawha river, a few miles above Charleston. In 
1850 this county produced 352,995 bushels of corn ; 25,074 of 
wheat ; 58,596 of oats, and 2014 tons of hay. There were 33 
salt-boiling establishments, 9 grist mills, 14 saw mills, and 3 
machine shops. It contained 25 churches ; 1300 pupils attending 
public schools, and 162 attending academies or other schools. The 
principal rock of the county is sandstone. Steamboats navigate the 
Kanawha river in this county, which is intersected by the Covington 
and Ohio railroad, unfurnished. Capital, Charleston. Population, 
15,353, of whom 12.213 were free, and 3140 slaves. 

Kanawha Saline, or Maldin, a post-town in Kanawha county, 
Virginia, on Great Kanawha river, 260 miles W. N. W. from Rich- 
mond. Has a bank and numerous stores, 4 churches, 2 semi- 
naries. Population about 1,000. 

Kasey's, a post-office of Bedford county, Virginia. 

Keezletown, a post-office of Rockingham county, Virginia. 

Kellysvillb, a post-office of Culpepper county, Virginia. 

Kempsviile, a post-village of Princess Anne county, Virginia, 
on the E. branch of Elizabeth river, at the head of tide-water, 124 
miles S. E. from Richmond. 

Kendrick's Spur, a post-office of Patrick county, Virginia. 

Kennedy's, a post-office of Brunsw^ick county, Virginia, 66 
miles S. S. W. from Richmond. 

Kerneysville, a post-office of Jefferson county, Va. 

Kerr's Creek, a post-office of Rockbridge county, Virginia. 

Kesnick Depot, a post-office of Albemarle county, Virginia. 

Kilmarnock, a post-village of Lancaster county, Virginia, on a 
small creek of Chesapeake bay, 90 miles E. by N. from Richmond. 
It contains 4 churches and several stores. 

Kimberlin, a post-office of Giles county, Virginia. 

36 



282 



BALTIMORE SUBSCRIBERS. 



M^KiaKoigiroK] Mirid 



9 



Corner of Euta"w and Camden .Streets, 

FKONT OF THE B. &. O. E. K. DEPOT, 

HENRY R. BROADERS, 

BOARD ONE DOLLAR PER DAY. 



FORMERLY THREE TUNS TAVERN, 

South West Corner of Pratt and Paca Sts. 

The undersigned respectfully informs his friends and the public in general, that 
he has taken the above house, and is prepared to accommodate all who may favor 
him with a call ; his HOUSE is large with many SPACIOUS and well VENTI- 
LATED CHAMBERS ; his TABLE will be supplied with the best the market can 
afford. 

TERMS REASONABLE. 
CORNELIUS SHAWEN, Proprietor. 




EAGLE HOTEL, 

CORNER OF EUTAW & PRATT STREETS. 



BALTIMORE, June 1, 1854. 

Dear Sie: — The undersigned most respectfully returns thanks to the public and his friends in 
general for the liberal patronage heretofore extended to him at the Columbia House. He has been at 
great expense m fitting up a new establishment, equal to any in the city, with every convenience, 
lie is prepared to accommodate all who may call upon him at the South East corner of Pratt and Eu- 
taw streets— THE EAGLE HOTEL. Nothing will be left undone to make the stay of those who 
patronize him pleasant and agreeable. His charges will l)e moderate; his accommodations for both 
ladies and gentlemen not surpassed by any. Call and give me a trial. 
The public's most obedient servant, 

T. B, ROBEY, Proprietor. 



KI 



GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 



283 



KiNDERHOOK, a post-office of Washington county, Virginia. 
King and Queen, a county in the S. E. part of Virginia, has an 
area of 330 square miles. The Mattapony and York rivers form its 
boundary on the south-west, and the Piankatank on the N. E. The 
surface is undulating rather than hilly ; the soil is not very rich. 
Indian corn, wheat, wool, and butter are the staples. In 1850 this 
county produced 376,986 bushels of corn ; 68,755 of wheat ; 11,- 
034 pounds of wool, and 48,883 of butter. It contained 2 saw 
mills and 1 tannery ; 18 churches, 281 pupils attending public 
schools, and 110 attending academies or other schools. The coun- 
ty contains large beds of marl, which is used in fertilizing the soil. 
Capital, King and Queen Court House. Population, 10,319, of 
whom 4555 were free, and 5764 slaves. 

King and Queen Court House, a small post-village, capital of 
the above county, on the Mattapony river, 49 miles E. by N. from 
Richmond. 

King George, a county in the E. part of Virginia, contains 176 
square miles. The Potomac bounds it on the N. and E., and the 

Rappahannock on the S. The sur- 
face is hilly and the soil diversified. 
Corn, wheat, butter, and pork are 
the staples. In 1850, it produced 

76,707 




^--^ 241,900 bushels of corn 






.TAMEB MONROE, 
Born in Westmoreland County, April 2, 1759. 



of wheat, and 40,090 pounds of 

butter. There were 3 grist mills 

x^ and 2 carpenter shops, besides other 

establishments. It contained 8 

churches and 200 pupils attending 

public schools. Capital, King 

George Court House. Population, 

5971 ; of whom 2563 \vere free, 

and 3403 slaves. 

James Monroe was born in Westmoreland county, but first elected 

to a seat in the Legislature, by the county of King George, — in the 

24th year of his age. 

King George Court House, a small post-village, capital of the 
above county, 70 miles N. N. E. from Richmond. 

King William, a county in the E. part of Virginia, has an area 
of 260 square miles. Its N. E. and S. W. borders are respectively 
washed by the Mattapony and Pamunky rivers, which unite at the 



284 



BALTIMORE SUBSCRIBERS. 



McINTOSH'S 




© 



© £i IL T fl 52 © IS H » 

JOHN McINTOSH, Proprietor, 

CAMDEN STREET, . 
Opposite B. A O. R, R. Depots 



i) 



G. W. LANE & CO. 

*>»»» 

^ All Passengers and Baggage to and from the Balti- 
more and Ohio Depot, and Eastern and Western Shore 
Boats, will be carried without charge. 



ivacxj 






N E'W 



BEIPeT iRESTAeiAif 

B. ^ O. K. R. 

Corner of Gamden and Howard Sts. 



TRAVELERS AND EPICURES CAN BE ACCOMMODATED. 



READY AT ALL HOURS. 

Ladies' Refreshment & Oyster Saloon. 



LA GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 285 

S. E. extremity of the county, and form the York river. The sur- 
face is undulating, the soil of the river bottoms is fertile. Indian 
corn, wheat, and butter are the staples. In 1850 this county pro- 
duced 253,685 bushels of corn ; 108,819 of wheat, and 32,580 lbs. 
of butter. There were 4 flour and grist mills, 1 tannery, and 2 
manufactories of agricultural implements. It contained 9 churches, 
and 238 pupils attending academies and other schools. Pamunky 
river is navigable on the border of the county. Formed in 1701, 
and named in honor of William III, king of England. Capital, 
King William Court House. Population 8779 ; of whom 3048 were 
free, and 5731 slaves. 

King William Court House, a small post-village, capital of 
the above county, is situated between the Mattapony and Pamunky 
rivers, two miles from the former, and 27 miles N. E. from Rich- 
mond. 

KiNGwooD, a small post-village, capital of Preston county, Va., 
on the Cheat river, 280 miles N. W. from Richmond. The river 
affords excellent water-power. 

KiNSALE, a post-office of Westmoreland county, Virginia. 

KiTTOCTAN Creek, in the N. E. part of Virginia, flows through 
Loudoun county and falls into the Potomac above the Point of 
Rocks, after a course of about 30 miles. 

Knob, a post-ofl&ce of Tazewell county, Virginia. 

Knob Fork, a post-office of Wetzel county, Virginia. 

Lacey Spring, a post-office of Rockingham county, Virginia. 

Lafayette, a post-village of Montgomery county, Virginia, on 
the Roanoke river, about 190 miles W. by S. from Richmond. Pop- 
ulation from 200 to 300. 

Lafayette Hill, a post-office of Fluvanna county, Virginia. 

Lancaster, a county in the E. part of Virginia, bordering on 
Chesapeake bay, at the mouth of Rappahannock river, which forms 
its S. W. boundary. Area, 108 square miles. The surface is mod- 
erately uneven ; the soil is sandy and light. Indian corn, wheat, 
and potatoes are the staples. In 1850 this county produced 120,- 
530 bushels of corn ; 24,424 of wheat ; and 10,857 of sweet pota- 
toes. There were 2 coach factories and 1 tannery. It contained 10 
churches, 282 pupils attending public schools, and 46 attending an 
academy. Organized in 1652. Capital, Lancaster Court House. 
Population, 4708, of whom 2068 were free, and 2640 slaves. 

Lancaster Court House, a post-village, capital of Lancaster 



286 



BALTIMORE SUBSCRIBERS. 



C. W. BENTLEY. 



H. C. LARRABEE. 



Corner of Front and Plowman Sts. 

CNEAR BALTIMORE STREET BRIDGE,) 



BENTLEY & LARRABEE 

Give their particular attention to the Manufacture of Stationary and Portable 
Steam Engines, Grist and Saw Mills, Gearing, Shafting and Pullies, Force and Lift- 
ing Pumps, Wrought Iron Pipes and Fittings for Steam, Water, Gas, &c.; Cylinder, 
Flue, Locomotive and Vertical Tubular Boilers ; Steam Generators for Cooking, 
Washing, &c.; Apparatus for Warming Buildings by Steam or Hot Water; Iron 
Castings of every description ; Heavy and Light Iron Turning and Planing. 



MANUFACTURER AND DEALER IN 



.Sr3 







,^ 



ACIDS, CHEMICALS, &c. 

UFFICE OF MONKTON DYE-WOOD MILLS, 
Ko. 36 SOUTH CHARLES STKEET, 



Log^vood, 

Fustic, 

Cam'wood, 

Red Sanders, 

Red-wood, 

Sima-wood, 

Turmeric, 

Madder, 



Alum, 
Copperas, 
Cream Tartar, 
Cochineal, 
Bleaching PoTvders, 
Oil Vitrei, 
Aqua Fortis, 
Muriatic Acid, 



Extract of Logwood, Emery, 

Sal Soda, Indigo, 

Blue Vitriol. \ Pot & Pearl Ashes, &c. 



LE GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 287 

CO., Virginia, 80 miles N. E. from Richmond, contains, besides the 
county buildings, sevieral stores. 

Land of Promise, a post office of Princess Anne county, Vir- 
ginia. 

Landsdown, a post office ol Prince William county, Virginia. 

Lanesville, a small post village of King William county, Vir- 
ginia, about 28 miles N. E. from Richmond. 

Langhorne's Tavern, a post office of Cumberland county, Vir- 
ginia, 61 miles west of Richmond. 

Langley, a post office of Fairfax county, Virginia. 

Laurel, a post-office of Washington county, Virginia. 

Laurel Creek, a post-office of Floyd county, Virginia. 

Laurel Fork, a post-office of Carroll county, Virginia. 

Laurel Grove, a post-office of Pittsylvania county, Virginia. 

Laurel Hill, a post-office of Lunenburg county, Virginia, 94 
miles S. W. from Richmond. 

Laurel Mills, a post office in Rappahannock county, Virginia. 

Laurel Point, a post office of Monongalia county, Virg-inia. 

Lawrenceville, a pleasant post village, capital of Brunswick 
county, Virginia, on Great creek, about 70 miles S. S. W. from 
Richmond. It contains a court house and two handsome churches. 
Population from 300 to 400. 

Leading Creek, a post village of Lewis county, Virginia, 18 
miles W. from Weston. 

Leadsville, a post office of Randolph county, Virginia. 

Leatherwood's Store, a post office of Henry county, Virginia, 
192 miles W. S. W. from Richmond. 

Lebanon, a small post village, capital of Russell county, Virginia, 
is finely situated on an affluent of Clinch river, 325 miles W. by S. 
from Richmond. 

Lebanon White Sulphur Springs, a post office of Augusta 
county, Virginia. 

Lee, a county forming the S. W. extremity of Virginia, border- 
ing on Tennessee and Kentucky, has an area of 550 square miles. 
It is intersected by Powell's river, an affluent of the Clinch. Cum- 
berland mountain forms the N. W. boundary, and Powell's moun- 
tain extends along or near the E. border ; the soil of the valleys is 
fertile. Beef, pork and horses are the staples. Maple sugar is 
made for domestic consumption. In 1850 this county produced 
485,725 bushels of Indian corn, and 107,030 of oats. There were 



288 BALTIMORE SUBSCRIBERS. 



•r o 




PRIVATE FAMILIES AND OTHERS. 

F. B. DIDIER & BROS 

I IS/L lE^ "FL O ■\7' E3 ID 

SADSAGE OR PIE MEAT COTTER 

FOR 1854. 

This celebrated Machine is warranted, with proper care and use, to cut or mince 4 lbs. of fine meat 
per minute ; or 240 lbs. per hour,— not liable to get out of repair, and easily operated by a small boy. 
The simplicity of construction and the ease with which every part, subject to wear, may be replaced, 
serve to recommend this as the cheapest and most perfect machine ever invented. Being made en- 
tirely of Iron, (with one or two exceptions) renders it much more durable than those usually made of 
wood, and much easier kept sweet and clean, and no warping or swelling when necessarily used, as 
is the case with all others. 

N. B. One great objection to Meat Cutters is that the knives are stationary. In our machine the 
objection is obviated, as the knives can be taken out, cleaned and put back in a minute. The ma- 
chine is regulated for cutting fine or coarse meat by putting in more or less knives. 

1^- It is warranted to cut Sausage or Pie meat equal to any Machine in the Country, both as re- 
gards quantity and quality. Also, warranted to cut five times the amount, and of a better quality 
than any cutter at the price, — Again, less complicated, more durable, requiring less power to operate 
it than any simOar invention of the age. 

^W^ The Maryland State Agricultural Fair, and the Maryland Mechanics' Institute, awarded this 
Machine a first class Premium in the years 1851, 1852, and 1853 ; and encomiums of the like flatter- 
ing character from discriminating Judges, have, on all occasions of competition, favored this useful 
article. Ketail price $5.50. 

A first rate article of Sausage Stuffer or Filler, retail from $4, $4.50, $5, $5.50. 

N. B. Agricultural Implement Makers and Venders,, Hardware Merchants 
and others, would do well to take this machine on sale, owing to its popularity 
and the liberal discounts made to the trade. The article is bound to be in the 
possession of every farmer and private family. 

We have in store and ready for the season about 5000 Cutters, for which we 
solicit buyers. Wholesale and Retail. 

F. B, DIDIER & BRO. 

No. 37 North Paca Street, 



LEI GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 269 

two iron forges and two tanneries. It contained 25 churches and 
550 pupils attending public schools. Iron ore, saltpetre and lime- 
stone are abundant in the county. The streams furnish valuable 
water power. Organized in 1792, and named in honor of Henry 
Lee, at that time Governor of the State. Capital, Jonesville. Pop- 
ulation 10,267 ; of whom 9480 were free, and 787 slaves. 

Leed's Manor, a post office of Fauquier county, Virginia. 

Leedsville, a village in Randolph county, Virginia, 175 miles 
N. W. from Richmond. 

Leesburg, a handsome post borough, capital of Loudoun county, 
Virginia, is situated near the Kittoctan mountain, three miles from 
the Potomac river, and 150 miles N. from Richmond. The streets 
are well paved and the town is built in a neat and substantial man- 
ner. It contains a court house, three churches, a bank, an academy 
and two newspaper offices. It is surrounded by a fertile, well cul- 
tivated country, which presents a variety of landscapes. Population 
in 1850, 1,691 ; in 1853 about 2,000. 

Leesville, a post village in Campbell county, Virginia, 110 
miles W. S. W. from Richmond. 

Leetow^n, a small post village of Jefferson county, Virginia, 165 
miles N. from Richmond. 

Leon, a post village in Madison county, Virginia, 160 miles N. 
W. of Richmond. 

Level Green, a post office of Giles county, Virginia. 

Lewis, a county in the N. W. part of Virginia, has an area of 
530 square miles. It is intersected by the W. fork of Monongahela 
river. The surface is rocky, hilly, and in some parts mountainous. 
The soil of the valleys produces pasture and Indian corn. In 1850 
there were raised 235,675 bushels of corn, and 9190 tons of hay. 
There were seven flour, grist and saw mills, and four tanneries. It 
contained 15 churches, and 1602 pupils attending public schools. 
Stone coal is found in the county. A turnpike has been constructed 
from Weston to Fairmont, on the Baltimore and Ohio railroad. 
Formed in 1816 and named in honor of Colonel Charles Lewis. 
Capital, Weston. Population 10,031, of whom 9663 were free and 
368 slaves. 

ff Lewisburg, a thriving post village, capital of Greenbrier county, 
Virginia, 214 miles west from Richmond, and nine miles west from 
the White Sulphur Springs. It is surrounded by a beautiful and 
healthy region among the mountains, and is a place of active 

~ 37 ' ■ ^^ 



290 



BALTIMORE SUBSCRIBERS. 



FRENCH BURR MILLSTONES i\D BURR BLOCKS, 




MORRIS & TRIMBLE, 

WEST PALLS AVENUE, NEAR PRATT STREET BRIDGE, 
BJiLiTIJ^IORE, 

Manufacturers of French BURR MILL8TONE3, warranted of superior quality and workmanship, 
being made from Burr Blocks of their own importation and selected from the best quarries in France. 
Orders, with reference in any of the Eastern Cities, promptly executed. 

From the Baltimore .American. 

Among the many astonishing evidences of the power of machinery, and the perfection to which it 
has attained, none seem more worthy of examination and commendable notice than the Steam Brick 
Works of Mr. Francis H. Smith. The proprietor has in constant operation one of his first class 
machines, for which a gold medal was awarded him by the Maryland Institute. Since that time, 
however, he has introduced such improvements as, in the opinion of scientific men, warrant the merit 
of a new invention The modiis operandi, nevertheless, is quite simple. The clay is wheeled along 
on a plank scaffolding to the pulverizer at the top of the machine, which converts it into dust imme- 
diately, and incorporates it with the water thrown thereupon. In this state it is thrown into the ma- 
chine, which revolves steadily, pressing the clay down into sets of moulds, five in each frame, which 
move on a railway beneath. The moulds are then transferred to a light barrow, moved to the yard 
and discharged in the usual way. The clay is worked much stiffer than it can be done with the hand, 
and gives a solidity to the brick and correctness of form rarely equaled. "We timed the operation by 
the watch, and found it producing 30 bricks per minute— the average speed, however, is 25 per min- 
ute. It will easily produce 15,00u per day. 

We next saw in operation a similar machine, worked by a horse, with the same result — the bricks 
being equal in every respect, and fifteen made per minute. Machinery has hitherto been directed to 
work either the dry clay or soft mud. The present invention is intended tor a medium between these 
extremes, and to mould the bricks from clay, tempered to a consistence fit for the potters' wheel, or 
suitable for front brick, and, consequently, in quality, they must nearly resemble the latch brick. 

The work is performed by ordinary laborers, chiefly boys. Each person must be promptly at his 
post, for the machine will not allow laziness nor indulgence— it waits for no one. 



THE N E "V\^ 



Is now in constant operation at my Yard on LOCUST POINT. If driven bv steam, the clay is taken 
from the bank, passed through a pulverizer (which removes the stone,) into the soak pit, where it re- 
ceives the water, thence to the machine, which is geared to make (Sy, revolutions per minute, turning 
out five bricks each time, or 1750 bricks an hour, including contingencies. Ten men and six boys, all 
common laborers, take the clay from the pit and place tlie bricks on the floor. If there be no stone 
the pulverizer is not required ; the clay is then thrown into the pit, mixed with water, and after re- 
maining all night is ready for use. Machine $425; Pulverizer .$75, with right to work it. 

If driven by a horse, the clay is thrown into heaps, and each successive layer saturated ; after re- 
maining in soak all night it is shoveled into the machine. They were formerly built of two sizes, four 
and five mould. By a recent improvement the speed of the shaft is increased without changing the 
gait of the horse, and thus the smaller size can make 1000 bricks per hour, worked by four men and 
four boys. It is liable to no accident except from stone, which is apt to break a mould. Price $275. 

For further particulars, in a pamphlet containing full instructions on Brick Burning, address 

FRANCIS H. SMITH, Baltimore. 



LI GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 291 



business. The court of appeals for the western counties is held at 
Lewisburg. It contains three churches, one academy and one print- 
ing office. 

Lewis' Store, a post office at Spottsylvania county, Vir- 
ginia. 

Lewisville, a post village of Brunswick county, Virginia, 78 
miles S. S. W. from Richmond. 

Lexington, a handsome post village, capital of Rockbridge 
county, Virginia, on the North river, an affluent of James river, 146 
miles W. from Richmond, and 35 miles N. W. from Lynchburg. 
It is situated in a valley, and surrounded by beautiful mountain 
scenery. Washington College founded at this place in 1798, and 
endowed by General Washington, has a library of 4950 volumes. 
The Virginia Military Institute was established here by the Legis- 
lature of Virginia, in 1838-9. Lexington contains four or five 
churches, two seminaries, two printing offices, and several fine brick 
residences. It was laid out in 1778. Population, 1733. 

Liberia, a small village of Prince William county, Virginia. 

Liberty, a beautiful post village, capital of Bedford county, Vir- 
ginia, on the Virginia and Tenn. railroad, 25 miles W. from Lynch- 
burg. It has a sublime view of the peaks of Otter, which are not 
less than seven miles distant, though they appear to be in the im- 
mediate vicinity. Liberty has a handsome court house, four churches 
and about 700 inhabitants. 

Liberty Hall, a post office of Washington county, Virginia. 

Liberty Mills, a post village in Orange county, Virginia, 79 
miles N. W. from Richmond. 

LiGONS, a post office of Charlotte county, Virginia. 

Lisbon, a post village in Bedford county, Virginia, 150 miles W. 
by S. from Richmond. 

Little Coal river, in the W. part of Virginia, rises in Logan 
county by two branches, called the Pond and Spruce forks, and falls 
into Coal river in Kanawha county. 

Little Guyandotte river, in the W. part of Virginia, falls into 
the Ohio, after forming a part of the boundary between Mason and 
Cabell counties. 

Little Kanawha river, of Western Virginia, rises in Braxton 
county, passes through Gilmer, Wirt and Wood counties, and en- 
ters the Ohio at Parkersburg. Its general direction is W. N. W. 
its length perhaps 150 miles. The country through which it flows 



292 



BALTIMORE SUBSCRIBERS. 



'KEEN & HAGERTY, 

MANUFACTURERS OF 

Tin, Sheet Iron, 



.A.I>J-X> 



AND DEALERS IN 



Hardware, Iron Castings, &c. 

37 South Calvert Street, Cor. of Water and Cheapside, 
and 12 Baltimore Street, near the Bridge. 

Country Merchants will find it to their advantage to examine our Stock and Prices before purchas- 
ing elsewhere. 

GRUPY & STANSBURY, 



Corner of South and VTater Streets, 



IB JS. 



T I M O 



Have at all times on hand a large and select stock, comprising Harness, 
Fair and Black Bridle, Sole and Upper Leather, French and Domes- 
tic Calf-Skins, Patent Leathers, Morocco, &c. Band Leather of every 
description ; also Cod Liver, Neats Foot and Tanner's Oil. 

j^, B. — Hides and Leather in rough, bought or sold on Commission. 
Consignments respectfully solicited. 



THOMAS H. HUNT, 

(Of L.ate S. & T. H. Hunt,) 

Begs leave to inform you that he has taken Store 

No. 143 Baltimore Street, adjoining Carroll Hall, 

Where he has resumed the manufacture of 

SADDLES, HARNESS AND TRUNKS, 

IN ALL THEIR VARIETIES. 

Qcf- Every other article usually kept at like Establishments can here be ob- 
tained at reasonable prices.; 

T. H. H. trusts, by strict attention to business, and unwcarcd exertion to please, that he will meet 
wtth th(^ Patronage which he is determined to merit. 



LO GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 293 

is hilly and contains extensive beds of stone coal, and a number of 
salt springs. This river is navigable only a few miles. 

Little Level, a post office of Pocahontas county, Virginia. 

Little Plymouth, a small post village of King and Queen 
county, Virginia, 57 miles E. from Richmond. 

Little River, in the N. E. part of Virginia, is a small affluent 
of Goose creek, in Loudoun county. It has been rendered navigable 
from its mouth to Aldie, by means of dams. 

Little River, a post office of Floyd county, Virginia. 

Little Skin Creek, a post office of Lewis county, Virginia. 

Littleton, a post office of Sussex county, Virginia. 

Litwalton, a post office of Lancaster county, Virginia. 

Lively Oak, a post office of Lancaster county, Virginia. 

Lloyd's, a post office of Essex county, Virginia, 62 miles N. E. 
from Richmond. 

Loch Leven, a post office of Lunenburg county, Virginia. 

Loch Lomond, a post office of Goochland county, Virginia. 

Locust Creek, a post office of Louisa county, Virginia, 33 miles 
N. W. from Richmond. 

Locust Dale, a post office of Madison county, Virginia. 

Locust Grove, a post office of Orange county, Virginia, 86 
miles N. W. from Richmond. 

Locust Hill, a post office of Middlesex county, Virginia. 

Locust Lane, a post office of Fayette county, Virginia. 

Locust Mount, a post office of Accomack county, Virginia. 

Locustville, a post office of Accomack county, Virginia. 

Lodore, a post office of Amelia county, Virginia. 

Logan, a county in the W. S. W. part of Virginia, bordering on 
Kentucky, has an area of 825 square miles. It is intersected by 
the Guyandotte river, and bounded on the S. W. by the Tug fork 
of Sandy river. The county slopes toward the north west. The 
surface is mountainous and overspread with extensive forests ; the 
soil is generally good. Indian corn, oats and butter are the staples. 
In 1850 it produced 154,943 bushels of corn ; 20,014 of oats, and 
31,374 pounds of butter. It contained six churches, and 175 pu- 
pils attending public schools. The highlands of this county 
abound in stone coal and iron, which are not much used at present. 
Formed in 1824 and named in honor of a distinguished chief of the 
Mingo tribe. Capital, Lawnsville, or Logan Court House. Pop- 
ulation, 3620 ; of whom 3533 were free, and 87 slaves. 



294 



BALTIMORE SUBSCRIBERS. 



T XT XT A g "vr E Ii L 

MACHINi CARD MANUPACmiR, 

MAiUFACTUEEilS' ARTICLES, 

Belt and Hose Maker^ 

33 South Eutaw Street^ 

Also Agent for the sale of Pearl and other Starch. 
DIXON, BALBIRNIE & DIXON, 



117 Baltimore Street, Cor. of South Street; 



All Professional Business confided to them promptly attended to. 

Artificers' Works Measured, &c. 

Designs, Plans and Specifications prepared and sent by Mail. 



THOMAS DIXON, THOMAS BALBIENIE, 

610 W. Fayette St., Franklin Place. 54 Saratoga Street. 



JAMES M. DIXON, 
393 W. Fayette St. 



MATNARD & ROSE, 

LEATHER, TRIMmTnGS AND FINDINGS, 

19 . E. Corner Cheapside and Lombard Street, 



uSLXj TiiVL o zix:. 



We name in pari such as -p 



Patent Leather, 
French Calf Skins, 
German " " 



Country Calf Skins, 
City 

Oak Sole Licattier, 
Hemlock '' 
Harness Leatlier, 
Skirting " 
Buff Upper " 
Buff Horse " 
Lining Skins, 



Muslin and liinen 

Lasting, 
Satin ifrancois, 
Italian Cloths, 
Moroccos of all kinds. 
Bindings '' " »» 
Silk Laces. <' " 
Cotton '' " " 

And Findings generally. 



Also WATER PROOF CORK SOLES, which will be sold to dealers at Factory Prices. 

Merchant*! and others visitinfj the city would do well to call on us before purrliasing elsewhere. 
Cur stocli is fresh and has been selected with considerable pains in order to procure the most suit- 
able articles for the trade generally. Orders from the couutry will be tilled promptly, and be as well 
selected as if buyers visited the city themselves . 



JAMES A. MAYNARD, 

CUEKIKE. 



PETER ROSE, 

Or THE LATE FlEM OP DaBEAUGH & BOSE. 



LO GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 295 

Logan Court House, or Lawnsville, a small post village, 
capital of Logan county, Virginia, on the Guyandotte river, 350 
miles W. from Richmond. 

LoMBARDY Grove, a post village of Mecklenburg county, Va. 

London Bridge, a post village in Princess Anne county, Vir- 
ginia, 100 miles S. E. from Richmond. 

Long Bottom, a post office of Marshall county, Virginia. 

Long Branch, a post office of Franklin county, Virginia. 

Long Creek, a post office of Louisa county, Virginia. 

Long Meadow, a post office of Page county, Virginia. 

Long Pine, a post office of Bedford county, Virginia. 

LoRENTz's Store, a post office of Lewis county, Virginia. 

Lorenzoville Foundry, a post office of Shenandoah county, 
Virginia. 

LoRETTo, a small post village of Essex county, Virginia, 69 
miles N. E. from Richmond. 

Lost Creek, a post office of Harrison county, Virginia. 

Lost River, a post office of Hardy county, Virginia. 

Loudoun, a county in the N. E. part of Virginia, bordering on* 
Maryland, contains 486 square miles. The Potomac river forms its 
N. E. boundary, and it is drained by Goose creek. The surface is 
hilly, having the Blue Ridge on the N. W. border, and the Kittoc- 
tan mountain near the middle of the county. The soil varies from 
a rich alluvion to an unproductive clay, but a large portion of it is 
fertile. Wheat, Indian corn, oats, grass, pork, and beef are the 
staples. In 1850 this county produced 563,930 bushels of wheat ; 
749,428 of corn ; 117,055 of oats ; 11,990 tons of hay, and 422,- 
021 pounds of butter. The quantity of butter was the greatest- 
produced by any one county of the State, and that of wheat greater 
than in any except Rockingham county. There were 54 flour, grist 
and saw mills, one iron, furnace, three woolen factories, and nine 
tanneries. It contained 33 churches, two newspaper offices, 1703 
pupils attending public schools, and 85 attending academies or 
other schools. The county contains limestone, marble, granite, 
gneiss, and other primitive rocks. It was formed from Fairfax 
county in 1757, and named in honor of the Earl of Loudoun. Capi- 
tal, Leesburg. Population, 22,079, of whom 16,438 were free, and 
5641 slaves. 

Louisa, a county in the E. central part of Virginia, has an area 
of about 500 square miles. The North Anna river forms its north- 



296 



BALTIMORE SUBSCRIBERS. 



NUT, BOLT & WASHER MANUFACTORY. 

134 Thames Street, between Ann & Wolfe, F. P. 

:3S -A-JLeIJ X 3VE O XV 3ES . 

FRAZIER & ATKINSON 

Are extensively engaged in the manufacture of every description of 
Nuts, Bucket, Coal Hod and Kettle Ears, Plow Points, 



Burrs, Bevel Rings, 

Washers, Flyer Bottoms, 



Chain liinks. 
Clinch Rings. 



The attention of Machinists, Car Builders, Agricultural Implement Makers, Ship 
Builders, Bucket Makers, Tin and Sheet-Iron Workers^ and all others, is respectfully 
directed to the above articles, which are kept constantly on hand or made to order 
to suit the convenience of purchasers. RAIL ROAD and BRIDGE CONTRACTORS 
will find it to their advantage to call on us, as we are prepared to furnish TRACK 
and BRIDGE BOLTS, and Cold Punched NUTS of the largest dimensions. We are 
also prepared to do all kinds of JOB PUNCHING, viz : Railing, Window Bars, and 
Grating for Warehouses, Diagonal Braces, &c., &c. .^®~ All Correspondence and 
Orders promptly attended to, and goods packed and forwarded to any portion of the 
United States. 

Bolts of every description always on hand or made to order. 

JOHN M. BRUCE, 



32 Light Street, near Lombard, 

Is prepared to make to order or repair as follows : 

Steam and Water Pipes for Steam Boats, Stationary Engines, Pis- 
tilleries and other Purposes. Kettles of all dimensions, Mineral Water 
Founts and Pipes, Self-charging Mineral Water Apparatus and Pipes, 
all complete, on the most improved plans. Steam Drying Cylinder for 
Cotton and Woolen Mills. All work done hy me warranted. 




T. R. WISE, 

Manufacturer of all kinds of 

EDGE TOOLS 

And Sold, Wholesale and Retail, 
No. 28 CONCORD ST. 

FIRST DOOR NORTH OF PRATT STREET, 

Also Repairing of every de- 
scription at moderate prices. 




LU • GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 297 

ern boundary ; the county is also drained by the South Anna and 
Little rivers. The surface is hilly ; the soil, originally fertile, has 
been partly worn out. Tobacco, Indian corn and wheat are the 
staples. In 1850 this county produced 1,584,285 lbs. of tobacco ; 
377,288 bushels of corn, and 199,521 of wheat. There were seven 
flour, grist and saw mills, one iron furnace and three tanneries. It 
contained 26 churches and 452 pupils attending public schools. 
Gold mines have been worked in this county, but are not very pro- 
ductive. It is intersected by the Central railroad of Virginia. 
Formed in 1742. Capital, Louisa Court House Population 16,- 
691, of whom 6827 were free, and 9864 slaves. 

Louisa Court House, a small post village, capital of Louisa 
county, Virginia, on ihe Central railroad, 60 miles N. W. from 
Richmond. 

Lovely Mount, a post-office of Montgomery county Virginia. 

Love's Mills, a post-office of W^ashington county, Virginia. 

LovETTSViLLE, a post-village of Loudoun county, Virginia, 2 
miles from the Potomac, and 166 miles north from Richmond. It 
contains 2 or 3 churches. 

LoviNGSTON, a post-village, capital of Nelson county, Virginia, 
118 miles West from Richmond. It is beautifully situated on a 
branch of Tye river, and surrounded by hills, the summits of which 
afford a magnificent view of the Blue Ridge. The village has 3 
churches and about 350 inhabitants. 

LuMBERPORT, 3 post-villagc in Harrison county, Virginia. 

Lunenburg, a county in the S. S. E. part of Virginia, has an 
area of about 370 square miles. It is bounded on the North by Not- 
toway river, and on the South by the Meherrin river. The surface 
is uneven ; the soil is moderately fertile. Indian corn and Tobacco 
are the staples. In 1850 this county produced 240,065 bushels of 
corn, and 2,274,668 pounds of tobacco. There were 7 flour and 
grist mills, 2 tanneries and 1 manufactory of farming implements. 
It contains 26 churches, and 450 pupils attending public schools. 
Formed in 1746. Capital, Lewistown. Population, 11,692; of 
whom 4505 were free and 7187 slaves. 

Lunenburg Court House, or Lewistow^n, a small post-village 
capital ot Lunenburg county, Virginia, 91 miles South West from 
Richmond. It has an elevated situation, and contains a handsome 
court house. 

Luney's Creek, a post-village of Hardy co., Virginia. 

38 



298 



BALTIMORE SUBSCRIBERS. 



TAYLOR, 



lOi ''« 



'wi w '^« '%! fc 









Importer and Manufacturer of 





No. 5 CALVERT STREET, 

(OPPOSITE BARNUM'S HOTEL,) 




MC GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 299 

LuRAY, a post- village, capital of Page county, Virginia, 136 miles 
North West from Richmond. It is pleasantly situated in a fertile 
limestone valley. Here is a quarry of fine marble. Luray contains 
several churches and about 500 inhabitants. 

Lynchburg, a 
^ flourishing city of 
t^^m Campbell county, 
feiVf Virginia, is finely 
situated on a steep 
declivity on the 
right (S.) bank of James river, 120 miles W. S. W. from Richmond 
and 20 miles S. E. from the Blue Ridge. Lat. 37° 36' N., Ion. 79° 
22' W. The South Side railroad, leading to Petersburg and Rich- 
mond, connects here with the Virginia and Tennessee railroad, 
which is to form part of the most direct route from the Eastern 
States to those of the South-west, and to be one of the principal 
thoroughfares ofthe Union. The James River and Kanawha canal, 
the greatest public work in the State, following the course of the 
river from the falls at Richmond, is completed to Buchanan, about 50 
miles above Lynchburg, and is to be continued to Covington. The 
distance between Richmond and Lynchburg by canal is 147 miles. 
The navigation of the canal renders this town the market of an ex- 
tensive and fertile tract of country. The principal article is tobacco, 
of which about 15,000,000 pounds are inspected here annually. 
About 300,000 bushels of wheat are also received here every year. 
The city is supplied with river water from a reservoir which is ele- 
vated about 253 feet above the level of the river, and contains 400,- 
000 gallons. This work was finished in 1829, at a cost of $50,000.. 
The river is here about 200 yards wide, and is crossed by a fine 
bridge. It affords abundant "water power, which is employed in the 
manufacture of cotton, wool, flour, &c. The city contains 9 churches, 
numerous schools, 3 printing offices, 3 banks, 3 savings banks, 1 
cotton and woolen factory, 36 tobacco factories, 4 brass and iron 
foundries and 150 stores, in which the annual sales exceed $2,000,- 
000. Capital employed in 1851 in manufactures, $725,000. The 
town was founded in 1786, and incorporated in 1805. In 1848 it 
contained 7678 inhabitants. Population in 1854, about 14,000. 

McDonald's Mill, a post-office of Montgomery county, Va. 

McDowell, a post-ofl[ice of Highland county, Virginia 

McElroy, a post office of Doddridge county, Virginia. 



300 



BALTIMORE SUBSCRIBERS. 



H. W^EBB & SON, 



Corner of Howard & Pratt Streets, 

NEAK BALTIMORE & OHIO RAILROAD DEPOT, 

:3S .A.^LM'm 3VE <=> lEl. 3E3. 

We keep consfantly on hand a full supply of GROCERIES and 
LIQUORS, which we will sell at the lowest market prices. 

We give our prompt attention to the sale of all country Produce consigned to us. 



ROBERT T. I 

IMPORTER AND DEALER IN 



[IS 




GLASS & Q U EENS WARE, . 
Britannia Ware, Casters^ &c. 

No. 41 BALTIMORE STREET, 

(corner of FREDERICK,) 

I^ .<^ Xj "X* X nVE O X^ 3E3 . 
STONE AND EARTHENWARE AT FACTORY PRICES. 



T. NEWTON K 

riJiiLMM. DiiyyuL 



AND 

SlA/V/r ACCOUNT BOOK MANUFACTURER, 
No. 151 Pratt Street, Opposite the Maltby House, 

T. N. K. publishes and is General Agent for the sale of English and German 

LUTHERAN HmN-BOOKS. CATECHISMS, PRAYER-BOOKS, ALMANACS, 

AND ALSO ALL OTHER LUTHERAN PtJBLICATIONS. 

7^- The Office of the LUTHERAN OBSERVER is at his Store, where all business 
connected -with the paper is transacted. 

MASS. SABBATH SCHOOL SOCIETY'S LIBRAEY BOOKS. 

A full assortment of these excellent publications always on hand and for sale at 
Catalogue prices. Those of the AMERICAN S. S. UNION also for sale. Full de- 
scriptive Catalogues supplied gratis. 

^X^ The highest market price paid for RAGS, in Cash or Trade. 



MA GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 30 1 

McFarland's, a post-office of Lunenburg county, Virginia, 79 
miles South West from Richmond. 

McGalvysville, a post-office of Rockingham county, Virginia. 

McKinney's, a post-office of Ritchie county, Virginia. 

Macksburg, a post-office of Giles county, Virginia. 

Maddox, a post-office of Hanover county, Virginia. 

Madison, a county in the North East central part of Virginia, 
has an area of 280 square miles. The Rapidan river forms its boun- 
dary on the S. S. E. and South West ; it is also drained by Robert- 
son's and Hazel rivers, which rise within its limits. The Blue 
Ridge forms the North West boundary of the county ; the surface is 
diversified by other elevations, and is noted for the sublimity of its 
scenery. The soil of the valleys is fertile. The county is timbered 
with the oak, hickory, cherry and other trees. Indian corn, wheat, 
oats, hay, butter and live stock are the staples. In 1850 this county 
produced 343,443 bushels of corn, 136,684 of wheat, 21,890 of oats, 
1,667 tons of hay, and 81,184 pounds of butter. There were 27 
flour, grist and saw mills, 7 tanneries, and 1 woolen factory. It 
contained 15 churches, and 386 pupils attending academies and other 
schools. Extensive beds of copper ore are found in the Blue Ridge, 
but are not worked at present. The county is traversed by the Blue 
Ridge turnpike. Organized in 1792. Capital, Madisontownr 
Population, 9331 ; of w^hom 4607 were free, and 4724 slaves. 

Madison Court House, capital of Madison county, Virginia, 
70 miles North West from Richmond, 96 miles from Washington. 
It contains several churches, and there are 5 flouring mills in its vicin- 
ity. It has a healthy situation on high ground, and commands a beau- 
tiful view of the Blue Ridge. Population, about 800. 

Madison Mills, a post-village of Madison county, Virginia, has 
a woolen factory. 

Magnolia, a post-office of Washington county, Virginia. 

Maiden Spring, a post-office of Tazewell county, Virginia, 

Manassus Station, a post-office of Prince William county, Vir- 
ginia. 

Manchester, a post- village of Chesterfield county, Virginia, on 
the James river, opposite Richmond, with which it is connected by 
a bridge. It has a beautiful situation, and contains several elegant 
residences erected by peasons who do business in Richmond. It 
has 2 churches, and manufactories of tobacco, cotton and flour. 
Population in 1853 estimated at 1,800 



302 BALTIMORE SUBSCRIBERS. 

J. THOMAS TEA VERS, 

COMMISSION MEECHAIT, 

No. 243 PRATT STREET, 

(BETWEEN LIGHT AND CHARLES,) 

33 .A. Xj T X M O XL DE2 . 

JOSEPH nOPKLNS. WM. FAIRCHILD. 

HOPKINS & FAIRCHILD, 

SUCCESSORS TO 

oniEnva: css n o i=» it i 3?^ s. 




I 




No. 130 BALTIMORE STREET, 

NORTH WEST COR. OF CHARLES STREET, 



A LARGE ASSORTMENT OF 



^ ^ 2M 21 IF © 

OF SUPERIOR QUALITY, 
Oxxo I=»noo <3XLly. 



MA GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 303 

Mangohick, a post-office of King William county, Virginia_, 40 
miles E. N. E. from Richmond. 

Mannington, a village of Marion county, Virginia, on the Balti- 
more and Ohio Railroad. 

Mannsborough, a post-village in Amelia county, Virginia, 30 
miles South West from Richmond. 

Mansfield, a post-office of Louisa county, Virginia. 

Marble Hill, a post office of Prince Edward county, Virginia, 
83 miles W. S. W. from Richmond. 

Marion, a county in the North West part of Virginia, has an 
area of about 300 square miles. It is drained by the Monongahela 
river and its branches, the West fork, and Tygart's Valley river, 
which unite within its limits. In 1850 the county produced 167,071 
bushels of corn, 48,469 of wheat, 93,095 of oats, 6,1^5 tons of hay 
and 144,409 pounds of butter. There were 17 flour mills, 11 saw 
mills, 1 iron foundry and 3 tanneries. It contained 21 churches, 
and 720 pupils attending public schools. Mines of good stone coal 
are extensively worked, and iron ore is abundant. Steamboats as- 
cend the river as far as the county seat ; the Baltimore and Ohio 
railroad passes through the county. It is plentifully supplied with 
water-power. Organized in 1841-2, and named in honor t)f Gen- 
eral Francis Marion, a prominent actor in the war of the Revolution. 
Capital, Fairmont. Population, 10,552, of whom 10,458 were free 
and 94 slaves. 

Marion, a small post-village, capital of Smythe county, Virginia, 
on the Middle fork of Holston river, 275 miles West by South from 
Richmond. 

Marksville, a post-village of Page county, Virginia, 100 miles 
North West from Richmond. 

Marlin Bottom, a post-office of Pocahontas county, Virginia. 

Marshall, a county in the North West part of Virginia, border- 
ing on Pennsylvania and Ohio, has an area of about 230 square 
miles. The Ohio river washes its Western border, and Fishing and 
Grave creeks flow through the county. Indian corn, wheat, oats, 
apples and cattle are the chief products. In 1850 there were raised 
302,130 bushels of corn, 74,976 of wheat, 114,345 of oats, and 
132,100 pounds of butter were made. _ It contained 15 churches 
700 pupils attending public schools, and 60 attending an academy. 
Stone coal and water-power are abundant. Formed in 1835, and 
named in honor of John Marshall, late chief-justice of the United 



304 



BALTIMORE SUBSCRIBERS. 



SISSON & BAIKS'S 



am iaBiL 



t 



'9 



Corner North and Monument Streets, 

Always on hand a large assortment of Marble Mantels, 
Monuments, Tombs, Garden Statuary, &c. 

Blocks and Slabs are furnished to the Trade at the lowest 
New York and Philadelphia prices. 



G. W. NEILL. 



M. DUKOSS. 



W. F. WASHBURN. 



ILL, DUROSS & GO'S 

FIKST PKEMIUM 



5' m 'm 



'JN'c:^. ^ 






L. McNEAL. 



G. T). SMITH. 



E. H. SMITH. 



3 



SMITH, McHEAL & CO. 

MANUFACTURERS AND DEALERS IN 

No. 34 SOUTH CALVERT STREET, 

3D X S T I Xj Xj E3 H. ^' 

No. 13 WEST GRANBY STREET, 



MA GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 305 

States. Capital, Elizabethtown. Population, 10,138, of whom 
10,089 were free and 49 slaves. 

Marshallsville, a post-office of Greenbrier county, Virginia. 
Martinsburg, a flourishing post-village, capital of Berkley county, 
Virginia, on Tuscarora creek, and on the Baltimore and Ohio rail- 
road, 180 miles North from Richmond. It is situated in a fertile 
and elevated region, a few miles West from the Blue Ridge. The 
tow^n contains 4 or 5 churches, 2 academies, 2 newspaper offices, 
and 1 almshouse. Population in 1853, about 2,500. 

Martinsville, a small post village, capital of Henry county, 
Virginia, on a branch of the Dan river, 207 miles W. S. W. from 
Richmond. 

Marysville, a post village in Campbell county, Virginia, near 
Staunton river, 115 miles S. W. by W. from Richmond. 

Marysville, a post village, capital of Charlotte county, Virginia, 
is situated near the railroad from Richmond to Danville, 100 miles 
S. W. from the former. It contains three churches, an academy, 
and about 600 inhabitants. 

Mason, a county in the W. part of Virginia, bordering on the 
Ohio river, has an area of 3000 square miles. The Kanawha river 
flow^s through the middle of the county into the Ohio. Indian corn, 
wheat, cattle and swine are the staples. In 1850 it produced 399,- 
080 bushels of corn, and 20,545 of wheat. There were two flour 
mills, five grist mills, four saw mills, and two tanneries. It con- 
tained twelve churches, and 1150 pupils attending public schools. 
Timber and stone coal are abundant. Formed in 1804, and named 
in honor of George Mason, a distinguished statesman of Virginia. 
Capital, Point Pleasant. Population, 7539 ; of whom 6892 were 
free, and 647 slaves. 

Massanutten, a post office of Page county, Virginia, 144 miles 
N. W. from Richmond 

Massie's Mills, a post office of Nelson county, Virginia. 

Mattapony River, in the E. S. E. part of Virginia, rises in 
Spottsylvania county, and flowing in a general S. E. course after 
forming the boundary between King and Queen and King William 
counties, unites with the Pamunkey to form the York river. 

Matthews, a county in the E. part of Virginia, bordering on 
Chesapeake bay, near its southern extremity. It consists of a penin- 
sula washed by Piankatank river on the N., by the Chesapeake on 
the E. and by Mobjack bay on the S. W., and joined to the main 

39 ""^ ~~ 



306 BALTIMORE SUBSCRIBERS. 



ANDERSON & JESSOP, 

IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN 




COR. LIGHT AND PRATT STREETS, 



F. W. & R. KING, 

No. 226 BALTIMORE STREET, 

MANUFACTURERS OF 

ENGINEER'S, SURVEYING, DRAIVING, AND 

Daguerreotype Implements, viz: 
THEODOLITES, TRANSITS, LEVELS, SyRVEMG COMPASSES. 

DRAWING INSTRUMENTS IN CASES, FROM $1.50 TO $100. 

Chains, Tape Lines, Ivory Protractors, Scales, &c, 

Also a general assortment of Daguerreotype Stock and Materials of 
all kinds, which we will sell at the lowest market prices. 

]VETJrtI>OOII'S 

IMPROVED PATENT PLATFORM SCALES. 

Those in want of SCALES of any description, will find it to 
their advantage to examine the qualities and prices of these Scales, 
which are of the very best construction, materials and workman- 
ship, and which, in strength, accuracy and durability, cannot be 
excelled, as the unqualified approbation of those using them in 
this and other States, will prove. Also, 

Counter Scales, Patent Balances and Appa- 
ratus, Scale Beams, &c. 

Wholesale and Retail, at lowest prices, and warranted correct. 

MANUFACTORY, 
No. 48 SOUTH CHARLES STREET, 




RICHARD MURDOCH. 

Scales of any description, size or 
capacity, made at short notice. 



ME GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 307 

land by an isthmus about one mile wide. Length 20 miles ; great- 
est breadth eight miles. Area, about 90 square miles. The surface 
is extremely level ; the soil is sandy and moderately fertile. Wheat, 
potatoes, oats, hay, and live stock are the staples. The forests con- 
sist of pine, chestnut, and a species of oak, valuable for ship build- 
ing, which is an important branch of business in this county. In 
1S50 the county produced 7640 bushels of wheat ; 13,292 of sweet 
potatoes ; 19,405 of oats, and 1288 tons of hay. There were two 
saw mills, one tannery, nine churches, and 400 pupils attending 
public schools. Named in honor of General Matthews, an officer 
in the war of the Revolution and afterwards governor of Georgia. 
Capital, Westville. Population, 6714, of whom 3791 were free, 
and 2923 slaves. 

Matthews Court House, a post village, capital of Matthews 
county, Virginia, 70 miles E. from Richmond, is situated near an 
arm of Chesapeake bay. 

Matthewsville, a village in Pocahontas county, Virginia, 170 
miles N. W. by W. from Richmond. 

Mayfield, a small post village of Isle of Wight county, Virginia, 
is pleasantly situated, 72 miles S. E. from Richmond. 

Mayo, a small river of Virginia and North Carolina, rises by two 
branches, the North and South Mayo, in Patrick county, of the 
former State, and flowing south-eastward into North Carolina 
enters the Dan river at Madison. 

Mayo, a post office of Halifax county, Virginia. 

Mayoning, a post village in Patrick county, Virginia. 

Maysville, a post village, capital of Buckingham county, Vir- 
ginia, is situated on Slate river, at the head of navigation, 27 miles 
from its mouth, and 87 miles W. from Richmond. 

Meadow Bluff, a post office of Greenbrier county, Virginia. 

Meadow Dale, a post office of Highland county, Virginia. 

Meadow^ River, a small stream in the W. central part of Vir- 
ginia, rises in Greenbrier county, and flows along the boundary be- 
tween Nicholas and Fayette counties into Gauley river. 

Meadow River, a post office of Greenbrier county, Virginia. 

Meadville, a thriving post village of Halifax county, Virginia, 
on the Bannister river, at the head of navigation, about 136 miles 
S. W. from Richmond. Population in 1853, about 500. 

Mechanicsburg, a post office of Giles county, Virginia. 

Mechanics River, a post office of Albemarle county, Virginia. 



308 



BALTIMORE SUBSCRIBERS. 



WHOLESALE MANUFACTURER OF 





Flff© OsiiriFaoirSj Aslh ^SaovoEs^ ©©all OfilTtboffSj ^®o 
No. 18 CONCORD STREET, 

BETWEEN LOMBARD AND PRATT, 

©^ihigiis^iikiaa 

MOROCCO FACTORY. 

G. H. LOCHER & CO. 

MANUFACTURERS OF ALL KINDS OF 

MOROCCO LEATHER, 

No. 137 Front St., (Grubb's old Stand,) 

Where they manufacture every variety of Morocco and Linings 
suitable for the trade. The proprietors are practical men, formerly 
of Pa., and are operating with Phila. hands. All who patronize 
them will find their stock as cheap and good as can be had in 
the East. 

CHARLES FARINGER, 



MANUFACTURER, 
CONSTITUTION STREET, 

Always on hand a large stock of articles in the line, of superior 
manufacture, and to be disposed of on reasonable terms. 



ME GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA 309 

Mechanicsville, a post village of Louisa county, Virginia, 65 
miles N. W. from Richmond. It has one church. 

Mecklenburg, a county in the S. S. E. part of Virginia, border- 
mg on North Carolina, has an area of 500 square miles. It is inter- 
sected by the Roanoke river, bounded on the N. by the Meherrin, 
and also drained by Allen's, Bluestone, and many other creeks. In- 
dian corn, wheat, oats, and tobacco are the staples. In 1850 the 
county produced 552,466 bushels of corn ; 1 13,016 of wheat ; 184,- 
695 of oats, and 4,863,184 pounds of tobacco. There were eight 
flour and grist mills, three tobacco factories, five tanneries, and two 
coach factories. It contained thirty churches, 284 pupils attending 
public schools, and 328 attending academies and other schools. 
Granite and other primary rocks underlie the surface. Organized in 
1764. Capital, Boydtown. Population, 20,630, of whom 8168 
were free, and 12,462 slaves. 

Meherrin, a river of Virginia and North Carolina, rises in Lu- 
nenburg and Charlotte counties of the former State. It passes into 
North Carolina and flows along the boundary between Gates and 
Hertford counties, until it unites with the Nottoway river to form 
the Chowan. Its general direction is E. S. E., and its whole 
length is estimated at about 150 miles. It is navigable by sloops to 
Murfreesborough in North Carolina. 

Meherrin Depot, a post office of Southampton county, Va. 

Melon, a post office of Barbour county, Virginia. 

Melrose, a post office of Rockingham county, Virginia, 

Mercer, a county in the S. W. part of Virginia, has an area of 
440 square miles. It is intersected by the Blue Stone river, bounded 
on the E. by the Kanawha or New river, and also drained by Brush 
and other creeks, Indian corn, wheat, oats, hay, and live stock are 
the staples. In 1850 this county produced 105,946 bushels of corn ; 
12,284 of wheat ; 35,280 of oats, and 1375 tons of hay. It con- 
tained four churches, and 400 pupils attending public schools. Or- 
ganized in 1837. Capital, Princeton. Population, 4222 ; of whom 
4045 were free, and 177 slaves. 

Mercer Salt Works, a post ofl[ice of Mercer county, Virginia. 

Meredith's Tavern, a post ofl[ice of Marion county, Virginia. 

Merriman's Shop, a post office of Prince Edward county, Vir- 
ginia, 96 miles W. S. W. from Richmond. 

Messongo, a post office of Accomack county, Virginia. 

Metompkin, a post office of Accomack county, Virginia. 



310 



BALTIMORE SUBSCRIBERS. 



BALTIMORE BELL & BRASS FOUNDRY 

WILLIAM PETEKS, 




No. 8 FKATT STREET, 

(NEAR THE BRIDGE,) 



ALSO DEALER IN 



Of Mver-fjf S^escription^ 

MIEf ALILUS (SUM 1PA(GKW(S, 
Composition Spikes, &c. 



MI GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 311 

MiDDLEBOuRNE, a thriving post village, capital of Tyler county, 
Virginia, on Middle Island creek, 45 miles S. by W. from Wheeling. 
It has a turnpike leading to the Ohio river, and contains a flouring 
mill. 

MiDDLEBRooK, a post village of Augusta co., Va., ten miles S. 
W. from Staunton. It contains a church and about 60 dwellings. 

MiDDLEBURG, a handsomc post borough of Loudoun county, 
Virginia, on a small affluent of the Potomac, 143 miles N. from 
Richmond. It has three churches, a flourishing academy, seven 
stores and one tobacco factory. Population about 800. 

Middle Fork, a post office of Randolph county, Virginia. 

Middle Island Creek, in the N. W. part of Virginia, rises 
near the boundary between Lewis and Harrison counties. It furnishes 
ample water power. 

Middle Mountain, a post office of Botetourt county, Virginia. 

Middleport, a post office of Braxton county, Virginia. 

Middle River, of Virginia, a branch of the Shenandoah, rises 
in Augusta county, flows eastward and unites with the North river 
near Port Republic, in Rockingham county. 

Middlesex, a county in the E. part of Virginia, bordering on 
Chesapeake bay, at the mouth of Rappahannock river. The latter 
forms the entire boundary on the N. E., and Piankatank river on 
the S. W. The length is 39 miles ; mean breadth about 5 miles ; 
area about 150 square miles. In 1850 there were raised 134,253 
bushels of corn, and 30,762 of wheat. There were eight grist mills 
and five saw mills. It contained nine churches, 152 pupils attend- 
ing public schools, and 74 attending other schools. Formed in 
1675. Capital, Urbana. Population, 4394, of whom 2052 were 
free, and 2342 slaves. 

Middletown, a post village of Frederick county, Virginia, on 
the turnpike leading from Winchester to Staunton, 13 miles S. S. 
W. from the former. It contains two churches. 

Middleway, a post village of Jefferson county, Virginia, near 
Opequan creek, seven miles S. W. from Charlestown, contains two 
churches. Population, about 500. 

MiLFORD, a post village of Caroline county, Virginia, on the 
Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac railroad, 38 miles from 
Richmond. 

MiLFORD, a small village of Preston county, Virginia, on the 
turnpike from Branonville to Fishing creek. 



312 



BALTIMORE SUBSCRIBERS. 



E. M. BOSLEY, 

IMPORTER OF 

FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC 



9 



No. 4 LIGHT STREET WHARF, 

FOUR DOORS SOUTH OF PRATT ST. 

^ .A. Xj T I 3VI O rt E! . 



T. 




Manufacturer of all kinds of 

EDGE TOOLS 

And Sold, Wholesale and Retail, 

KTo- as, 

COR. E. PRATT & MILL. STS. 

NEAR MARKET SPACE, 

Also Repairing of every de- 
scription at moderate prices. 




JOHN D. HAMMOND, 

unUUlja^^XlSl^nlim^liiOo, 



uA. 3Nr 3D 



^WHOLESALE AND RETAIL, 

No. 055 Baltimore Street, 

(OPPOSITE THE EUTAW HOUSE,) 
Manufactures and keeps constantly on hand every description of 

Harness, Trunks, Valises, Carpet Bags, Collars, 

And every other article in his line. All criers executed with neatness and dispatch. 



MO GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 313 

MiLLBOROUGH SpRiNG, a post village of Bath county, Virginia, 
157 miles W. N. W, from Richmond. Medicinal springs occur in 
the vicinity. 

Mill Creek, a post office of Berkley county, Virginia, abont 
168 miles N. by W. from Richmond. 

MiLLDALE, a post officc of Warren county, Virginia. 

Miller's Mill, a post office of Bath county, Virginia. 

Miller's Tavern, a post office of Essex county, Virginia. 

Mill Falls, a post office of Marion county, Virginia. 

MiLLiNGTON, a post officc of Albemarle county Virginia. 

Mill Point, a post village in Pocahontas county, Virginia. 

MiLLviLLE, a post village of King George county, Virginia, 
about 70 miles N. N. E. from Richmond. 

Millwood, a post village of Clarke county, Virginia, 140 miles 
N. by W. from Richmond. It has one or two churches, and seve- 
ral flouring mills. 

Mingo Flat, a post office of Randolph county, Virginia. 

Mint Spring, a post office of Augusta county, Virginia. 

Modest Town, a small post village of Accomack county, Vir- 
ginia, three miles from the Atlantic, and ten miles E. from Acco- 
mack Court House, contains two churches and a few shops. 

Monongalia, a county in the N. W. part of Virginia, bordering 
on Pennsylvania, has an area of 630 square miles. It is intersected 
by the Monongahela and Cheat rivers. The surface is hilly. Lau- 
rel Hill, the most western ridge of the Alleghanies, passes through 
the E. part of the county. Much of the soil is fertile. Cattle, lum- 
ber, flour and iron are the chief exports. In 1850 this county pro- 
duced 184,379 bushels of corn ^ 52,370 of wheat ; 111,252 of oats ; 
6013 tons of hay, and 145,178 pounds of butter. There were 25 
flour and grist mills, 13 saw mills, one nail factory, one iron forge, 
two iron foundries, and three furnaces. It contained 31 churches, 
548 pupils attending public schools, and 468 attending other 
schools. It is traversed by the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. Stone 
coal is abundant. Formed in 1776. Capital, Morgantown. Pop- 
ulation, 12,387 ; of whom 12,211 were free, and 176 slaves. 

Monroe, a county in the S. W. central part of Virginia, contains 
450 square miles. It is drained by the Greenbrier and New rivers, 
which unite on its N. W. border. In 1850 it produced 250,456 
bushels of corn; 51,436 of wheat ; 97,460 of oats; 6073 tons of 
hay, and 175,254 pounds of butter. There were four flour mills, 

40 



314 



BALTIMORE SUBSCRIBERS. 



B. WHITELEY. 



JAS. H. STONE. 



WHITELEY BROS & STONE, 
Importers & Jobbers of 









''Walker Building," 

Southwest Cor. of Baltimore & Hanover Sts. 

IB A IL ^ H M ® IE H o 

N. WALKER. J. H. CAUGHY. S. HAMILTON CAUGHY. 










Mw W^Molesale anil Retiiil. 

< ««» » 

NOAH WALKER & CO. 

80 and 82 Centre Market Space, 



Offer inducements to Customers unsurpassed in this or any 
other city, in extent and variety of their stock, and style 
and cheapness of their Goods. 

^^ Always on hand an assortment of Goods suitable for the 
Southern and Western Markets. 



FRANCIS ARNOLD 



MANUFACTURER OF 



SURGICAL & DENTAL INSTRUMENTS, 

11 Sharp Street, 




MO GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 315 



five saw mills, one woolen factory and five tanneries. It contained 
27 churches, 498 pupils attending public schools, and 75 attending 
an academy. It abounds in mineral springs, some of which are 
frequented as watering places. Stone coal is found. The Coving- 
ton and Ohio railroad is located through this county. Capital, 
Union. Population, 10,204, of whom 9143 were free, and 1061 
slaves. 

Montague, a post village of Essex county, Virginia, 54 miles 
E. N. E. from Richmond. 

MoNTEiTHViLLE, a post officc of Stafford county, Virginia. 
Monterey, a post village, capital of Highland county, Virginia, 
on the Staunton and Parkersburg turnpike, 180 miles W. N. W. 
from Richmond. Population, over 100. 

Montgomery, a county in the S. S. VV. part of Virginia, has an 
area of about 300 square miles. It is bounded on the W. by New 
river, and drained by the head streams of the Staunton, or Roanoke, 
and by Craig's creek. The county is situated at the north-western 
base of the Blue ridge, and has a mountainous surface. In 1850 it 
produced 266,616 bushels of corn ; 51,827 of wheat ; 106,120 of 
oats, and 4453 tons of hay. There were four saw mills and five 
tanneries. It contained twelve churches, 350 pupils attending pub- 
lic schools, and 20 attending another school. The county is inter- 
sected by the Virginia and Tennessee railroad. Formed in 1776. 
Capital, Christiansburg. Population, 8359, of whom 6888 were 
free, and 1471 slaves. 

Montpelier, a post office of Hanover county, Virginia, 24 miles 
N. from Richmond. 

Montrose, a post office of Westmoreland county, Virginia. 
Moorfield, a post village, capital of Hardy county, Virginia, on 
the South branch of Potomac river, 178 miles N. W. from Rich- 
mond. 

Moreland, a post office of Fauquier county, Virginia. 
Moreman's River, a post office of Albemarle county, Virginia, 
104 miles W. by N. from Richmond. 

Morgan, a county forming the N. N. E. extremity of Virginia, 
bordering on the Potomac river, which separates it from Maryland, 
has an area of about 330 square miles. It is intersected by Caca- 
pon river, and by Sleepy creek. In 1850 this county produced 46,- 
247 bushels of corn ; 40,584 of wheat, and 16,383 of oats. There 
were five flour and grist mills, two saw mills, and two tanneries ; 



316 



BALTIMORE SUBSCRIBERS. 



J. M. OREM. 



W. S. HOPKINS. 



OREM, HOPKINS & CO. 

IMPORTERS OF 



Adapted to Men's Wear, 

No. 238 BALTIMORE STREET, 

North Side, Four Doors West of Charles street, 



CHAS. J. LEREW. 



GEOKGE SANDER. 



AUGUST METER. 



LEREW, SANDER & CO. 

SUCCESSORS TO CHARLES FISCHER & CO. 
IMPORTERS OF 

GERMAN, FRENCH & ENGLISH GOODS, 

338 BALTinXORE STREET, 

® ii Ha IF 2 IS €) E S o 

CHAS. A. SMITH. GEORGE D. COCK. H. J. WERDEBAUGH. 

IMPORTERS OF 

English, French & German 




HOSIERY, GLOVES, 
And Trimmings generally, 



And Dealers in 



293 BALTIMORE STREET, CORNER OF SHARP, 

:B..^Xjia7XlVCO:FL£3. 



MO GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 317 

eleven churches, and 645 pupils attending public schools. The 
county contains large deposits of iron and stone coal. It is plen- 
tifully supplied with water power. The Berkley spring in this 
county is one of the oldest watering places in the United States. 
Organized in 1820, and named in honor of General Daniel Morgan, 
an officer in the war of the Revolution. Capital, Bath. Popula- 
tion, 3557 ; of whom 3434 were free, and 123 slaves. 

Morgan's Ridge, a post office of Marion county, Virginia. 

MoRGANTOWN, a thriving post village, capital of Monongalia 
county, Virginia, is finely situated on the Monongahela river, 295 
miles N. W. from Richmond. It has facilities for trade by the 
steamboat navigation of the river. Morgantown contains a court 
house, a bank, three newspaper offices, and several mills. Popula- 
tion, about 1000. 

MoRRisviLLE, a small post village of Fauquier county, Virginia, 
95 miles N. by W. from Richmond. 

Mossy Creek, a post office of Augusta county, Virginia. 

MouNDSviLLE, Virginia. See Grave Creek. 

Mountain Cove, a post village of Fayette co,, Va., on the Kan- 
awha river, 200 miles W. from Richmond. One paper is issued here. 

Mountain Creek, of Culpepper county, Virginia, flows in an E. 
S. E. direction, and falls into the Rappahannock or North river. 

Mountain Grove, a post office of Bath county, Virginia. 

Mount Airy, a post village of Pittsylvania county, Virginia, 145 
miles S. W. from Richmond. It has several churches and mills. 

Mount Crawford, a post village in Rockingham county, Va. 

Mount Gilead, a post village of Loudoun county, Virginia, 155 
miles N. from Richmond. 

Mount Horeb, a post office of Nelson county, Virginia, 111 
miles W. from Richmond. 

Mount Israel, a post office of Albemarle county, Virginia, 100 
miles W. by E. from Richmond. 

Mount Jackson, a post village of Shenandoah county, Virginia, 
on the Valley turnpike from Staunton to Winchester, 13 miles S 
W. from Woodstock. 

Mount Level, a post village of Dinwiddle county, Virginia. 

Mount Meridian, a small post village of Augusta county, Vir- 
ginia, 118 miles N. W. from Richmond. 

Mount Pleasant, a post village of Spottsylvania county, Vir- 
ginia, five miles N. by W. from Richmond. 



318 



BALTIMORE SUBSCRIBERS. 



ROBERT POOLE. GERMAN H. HUNT. 

North Street, o'pposite SusqueJianna Railroad Station. 



POOLE & HUNT, 



§tmd Padjiimfs anir Car ^mlbm, 

Manufacturers of Steam Engines, Mill Gearing, Blowing Machinery, Hydraulic 
Presses, Sugar and Saw Mills, Portable Saw Mills and Engines, Machinists' Tools 
of all kinds, Shafting Pulleys and Hangers, Steam Boilers, Water Tanks, &c. Car 
Wheels and Axles filled to order. Wrought Iron Pipes arranged fo heating Build- 
ings and other purposes. |I3^ CASTINGS made every day. 




AND 



Wholesale and Retail, and Agency for the sale of all kinds of 

As Received direct from the Producer. 

00= This is the only house of the kind South of New York. 

F. P. DIDIER & BHO. 

Successors to Hambleton & Didier- 

No. 97 North Howard st., near Franklin st. 

1 A L T IM] © [^ [E o 

Ploughs, Harrows, Wheat 
Fans, Grist Mills, Horse- 
powers, Threshers, Horse 
and Hand Kakes, Straw, 
Hay and Fodder Cutters, 
Vegetable Cutters, Corn 
and Cob Crushers, Shel- 
lers, Cultivators, Corn Planters, Ox Yokes and Bows, Grind- 
stones, Cradles, &c., together with an endless variety of Field 
and Garden Tools, Fruit Trees, Fertilizers, &c. Agents for 
Dr. X. Bullenoe's invaluable Extract for Man and Horse. Cure 
guaranteed or no sale. 




NA GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 319 

Mount Salem, a post office of Kanawha county, Virginia. 

Mount Sidney, a post village of Augusta county, Virginia, on 
the stage road from Winchester to Staunton, ten miles N. E. from 
the latter. It contains one church and one academy. Population 
estimated at 300. 

Mount Solon, a post village of Augusta county, Virginia, about 
110 miles W. N. W. from Richmond. 

Mountsville, a post village of Loudoun county, Virginia, 150 
miles N. from Richmond. 

Mount Vernon, Virginia, the former residence of General Wash- 
ington, on the W. side of the Potomac, six miles below Alexandria. 
It contains the mansion and tomb of the Father of his country. 

Mount Vinco, a post office of Buckingham county, Virginia. 

Mount Zion, a post office of Campbell county, Virginia. 

Mouth of Indian, a post office of Monroe county, Virginia. 

Mouth of Pocah, a post office of Putnam county, Virginia. 

Mouth of Seneca, a post office of Pendleton county, Virginia. 

Mouth of Wilson, a post office of Grayson county, Virginia. 

Mud Bridge, a post office of Cabell county, Virginia. 

Muddy Creek, a post office of Preston county, Virginia. 

Murfee's Depot, a post office of Southampton county, Virginia. 

MuRRAYSviLLE, a post officc of Jackson county, Virginia. 

Murrell's Shop, a post office of Nelson county, Virginia, 110 
miles W. from Richmond. 

Namozine, a post office of Amelia county, Virginia. 

Namozine Creek, in the S. E. part of Virginia, flows N. E. 
along the boundary between Amelia and Dinwiddie counties until 
it enters the Appomattox river. 

Nansemond river, Virginia, in Nansemond county, enters Hamp- 
ton Roads. It is navigable for small vessels 20 miles to Suffolk. 

Nansemond, a county in the S. E. part of Virginia, bordering on 
North Carolina and the Dismal Swamp ; the area is 400 square 
miles. Hampton Roads are situated on the N. border of the county, 
and it is partly iTaversed by Nansemond river, from which it derives 
its name. Lumber, tar and turpentine are the chief articles of ex- 
port. In 1850 this county produced 252,842 bushels of Indian 
corn ; 186,324 of sHveet potatoes, (the greatest quantity of that ar- 
ticle raised in any one county of the State, except Southampton,) 
and 3338 tons of hay. There were seven saw mills, four grist mills 
eight shingle manufactories^ one cotton mill, 19 churches, one news- 



320 



BALTIMORE SUBSCRIBERS. 



CUSHINGS & BAILEY, 

BOOKSELLERS AND STATIONERS, 

No. 262 MARKET STREET, 

LAW, MEDICAL, CLASSICAL, SCHOOL AND 
MISCELLANEOUS BOOKS. 



MEACHAM & HEYWOOD, 

(SUCCESSORS TO HART, WARE & CO) 

No. 10 NORTH CHARLES STREET, 
:o .^ Xj I? X ]\i: o :fl 3E! . 




Manufacturers and Dealers in Plain and Ornamental 

®®f f Ml f lllSf ill. 

Cottage Bedsteads, Chairs, Extension Dining Tables, 

OAK AND WALNUT ARM CHAIRS AND SIDE BOARDS. 



NE GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 321 

paper office, 298 pupils attending public schools, and 174 attending 
academies or other schools. The Portsmouth and Roanoke railroad 
passes through the county. Capital, Suffolk. Population, 12,283, 
of whom 7568 were free, and 4715 slaves. 

Nash's Ford, a post office of Russell county, Virginia. 

Natural Bridge, a post office of Rockbridge county, Virginia. 

Neabsco Mills, a post office of Prince William county, Va. 

Neersville, a post office of Loudoun county, Virginia. 

Negro Foot, a post office of Hanover county, Virginia. 

Nelson, a county a little S. E. from the centre of Virginia, has 
an area of 340 square miles. The James river washes the S. E. 
border, and it is drained by the Rockfish river. The Blue ridge 
forms the entire boundary on the N. W., and the surface is generally 
occupied by hills and valleys. The soil is fertile. Indian corn, 
wheat and tobacco are the staples. In 1850 there, were raised 353,- 
432 bushels of corn; 122,230 of wheat, and 1,433,730 pounds of 
tobacco. There were 37 flour and grist mills, 12 saw mills, 6 tan- 
neries, four wool-carding mills, and four distilleries ; 21 churches, 
347 pupils attending public schools, and 30 attending an academy. 
The canal, which extends along James river, connects the county 
with Richmond. Formed in 1807, and named in honor of Thomas 
Nelson, Governor of Virginia in 1781. County town, Lovingston. 
Population, 12,758 ; of whom 6616 were free, and 6142 slaves. 

Nestorville, a post office of Barbour county, Virginia. 

Newark, a post office of Wirt county, Virginia. 

New Baltimore, a post village of Fauquier county, Virginia, 
105 miles N by W. from Richmond, has 1 church and 1 academy. 

Newbern, a post village, capital of Pulaski county, Virginia, on 
the Virginia and Tennessee railroad and the stage route from Bal- 
timore to Nashville, 222 miles W. S. W. from Richmond. The sit- 
uation is elevated and pleasant. The town has an active trade and 
cont ins two churches. Population from 300 to 400. The New 
river, near Newbern, passes along a vertical wall of rock, about 500 
feet high and several miles in length, called the " Glass Windows.'' 

New Brighton, a post office of Fauquier county, Virginia. 

New California, a post office of Jackson county, Virginia. 

New Canton, a post village of Buckingham county, Virginia, on 
James river, at the mouth of Slate river, sixty-three miles W. from 
Richmond. 

New Castle, a post village, capital of Craig county, Virginia, 

~~ 41 ~ 



322 



BALTIMORE SUBSCRIBERS. 



ELEGANT PIANO FORTES! 



BALTIMORE DEPOT FOR THE SALE OF 

HALLET, DAVIS & CO S 

(BOS TO N) 




1 1 i 



^VITH ENTIRE IRON FRAME, 



if) 



AND OYEE STRINGS. 

GIVING GREAT TOLUME AND SWEETNESS OP TONE. 

ALSO, HAINES, BROTHER & CUMMINGS' CELEBRATED NEW YORK PIANOS, 

W^ITH OVER STRINGS. 

A FINE ASSORTMENT OF 

FROM S45 TO $150, 
Embracing those with One or Two Sets of Reeds and Two Stops. Also the beautiful ORGAN ME- 
LUDEON, (Goodman's Patent,) made by Messrs. Goodman and Baldwin. This Instrument has two 
hank's of keys, which couple or may be used separately; and ha.s three sets of reeds, giving great 
power, and being susceptible of producing manv of the beautinil ctfocls of the CHQRCH ORGAN. 

« 3E3E, O S» :0 O 3R. XV ,► 

No. 1 NORTH CHARLES STREET, 

(^Oiie Door from Boltimore street,) 

tW Seoond-Iiand Pianos taken In Excbange for ITew. 



NE GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 323 

at the fork of Craig's creek, 193 miles W. from Richmond, contains 
one or two churches and an academy. 

New Church, a post office of Accomack county, Virginia. 

New Cumberland, a post village of Hancock county, Virginia, 
near the Ohio river. 

New Glasgow, a small post village of Amherst county, Virginia. 
119 miles W. from Richmond. 

New Hope, a small post village of Augusta county, Virginia, 
114 miles N. W. from Richmond, has one church. 

New Kent, a county in the E. S. E. part of Virginia, has an 
area of 190 square miles. The Pamunkey river forms its boundary 
on the N. E., and the Chickahominy on the S. W. Indian corn, 
oats, potatoes, cattle and swine are the staples. In 1850 this county 
produced 178,813 bushels of corn ; 37,346 of oats ; 13,650 of sweet 
potatoes, and 38,031 pounds of butter. There were 12 flour and 
grist mills, 10 churches, and 300 pupils attending public schools. 
The Pamunkey or York river is navigable on the border of the county. 
Formed in 1654. Capital New Kent Court House. Population, 
6064; of whom 2654 were free, and 3410 slaves. 

New Kent Court House, capital of New Kent county, Virginia, 
30 miles E. from Richmond. 

New London, a post village of Campbell county, Virginia, 110 
miles W. by S. from Richmond. 

New Market, a small post village of Nelson county, Virginia, 
on James river, at the mouth of Tye river, 108 miles W. from Rich- 
mond. 

New Market, a post village of Shenandoah county, Virginia, 
150 miles N. W. from Richmond. There are several forges and 
factories in the vicinity which abounds in iron ore. It contains 3 
or 4 churches. 

New JVI^RTiNsviLLE, a post village, capital of Wetzel county, 
Virginia, on the Ohio river, at the mouth of Fishing creek, 40 miles 
below Wheeling. 

New Milton, a post office of Doddridge county, Virginia. 

Newport, a small village of Augusta county, Virgmia, 18 miles 
W. from Staunton, the county seat, has two stores. 

Newport News, a post office of Warwick county, Virginia. 

New River, of Virginia. See Kanawha. 

New Salem, a post office of Harrison county, Virginia. 

Newsom's Depot, a post office of Southampton county, Virginia. 



324 



BALTIMORE SUBSCRIBERS. 



BOOKS AJ VD STAT IONERY. 

JOHN GUSHING & CO. 

BOOKSELLERS & STATIONERS, 

No. 6 North Howard Street, 

(OPPOSITE HOWARD HOUSE,) 

3B .A. Ij rr I IS/L o 



JAMES R. WARD & GO'S 



O A. 



I3Xr E3T 



9 h 



No. 48 South Calvert Street. 

The undersigned calls the attention of 
purchasers to their extensive assortment of 

CABINET FURNITURE. 

We name in part — Mahogany, Walnut, 
Maple and Common Chairs; Dressing and 
Plain Bureaus ; Wardrobes, Sofas, Bed- 
steads; Hair and Husk Mattresses; Feather 
Beds, Looking Glasses, &c. 

We are prepared to sell on accommodating terms. Give us a call. 




JOHN McMULLAN, 



AND 



CHAIR MANUFACTURER 

15 & 17 NOHTH GAY STREET, 

B Jv. E^ !■ I M® IB II o 

Constantly on hand a large stock of Furniture Materials of all kinds. 
Trimmings and Upholstery Goods of every description, at 

-\;^ XZ O Xj 3E3 S ..^\. Xji 3E3 «*J H. 3E3 T .A. I Xj . 

Orders respectfully solicited. 



NO GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA 325 

New Store, a post office of Buckingham county, Virginia, 81 
miles W. from Richmond. 

Newton, a post office of Kanawha county, Virginia. 

Newtown, or Stephensburg, a neat and thriving post village 
of Frederick county, Virgmia, on the turnpike leading from Win- 
chester to Staunton, eight miles S. by E. from the former. It con- 
tains two churches, a market house, and over 100 dwellings. 

Newtown, a small post village of King and Queen county, Vir- 
ginia, 38 miles N. E. from Richmond. 

New Upton a post office of Gloucester county, Virginia. 

Nicholas, a county in the W. central part of Virginia. The 
Kanawha river washes its S. W. border ; it is traversed from E. to 
W. by the Gauley river, and also drained by Meadow river and 
Buffalo Creek. The surface is hilly and mountainous, and covered 
with extensive forests. A large part of the land is unproductive. 
Indian corn, oats, grass, and live stock are the staples. In 1850 
there were raised 83,273 bushels of corn, 31,377 of oats, 2001 tons 
of hay, and 41,976 pounds of butter. It contained nine churches 
and 189 pupils attending public schools. A railroad is projected, 
which, when finished, will connect the county with the Ohio river.- 
Formed in 1818. Capital Summerville. Population, 3963, of 
whom 3890 were free, and 73 slaves, 

NicKLEsviLLE, a post officc of Scott couuty, Virginia. 

Nickell's Mills, a post office of Monroe county, Virginia. 

Nineveh, a post office of Warren county, Virginia. 

Noland's Ferry, a post office of Loudoun county, Virginia, 161 
miles N. from Richmond. 

NoMiNY Grove, a post office of Westmoreland county, Virginia. 

Norfolk, a county in the S. E. part of Virginia, bordering on 
North Carolina, has an area of 480 square miles. It is situated on 
the western shore of Chesapeake bay, on the estuary of James river, 
which is called Hampton Roads. Indian corn, oats and sweet po- 
tatoes are cultivated, and cypress lumber is one of the principal ex- 
ports. In 1850 this county produced 307,245 bushels of corn, and 
21,303 of sweet potatoes. There were three ship-yards, one cord- 
age and three saw manufactories, two iron foundries, and one ma- 
chine shop. It contained 36 churches, 13 newspaper offices, 1924 
pupils attending public schools, and 363 attending academies or 
other schools. The county is intersected by the Dismal Swamp 
canal, which connects the Chesapeake with Albemarle sound, and 



826 



BALTIMORE SUBSCRIBERS. 



BOOKS, STATIONERT, 

®««liOiTEiWLl 




A largo aesorlmcnt of every thing in this line of business can always be obtained at wo(7crafc price* 
and superior quality, of 

WILLIAM ffllNIFIE, 

No. 114 BALTIMORE STREET, 

iio -^L Hi T? I iia: o ^1. Es, 

"Who keeps the ONLY DEPOT -where all the Drawing, requisites, used by the Architect, Engineer, 
Machinist, Water Color Artist, or Student of Drawing, can be obtained, such as Mathematical Instru- 
ments, in cases and in separate pieces, Sca'es of Ivory, paper and boxwood, in every variety; T. 
ti^(|uares, Triangles, Curves, Protractors, Tapo I/ines, "Water Colors, in boxes and loose; India Ink ; 
Camel's hair and Sable Pencils ; Porcelain Cups, Pallets and Eests; Eubber; Pencils of all grades; 
black and colored Crayons; Porte-crayons; Stumps; Monochromatic Paper; French and English 
Crayon and Drawing Papers of all sizes; Tracing Linen; Tracing Paper, Bristol Boards; Graduated 
Boards; plain and colored Studies for Flowers, Fruits, Landscape, Ornament and the figures ; blank 
Drawing Books; Elementary Studies, &c., &c , of the best qualities and at uniform prices, from which 
no abatement is made, except to Teachers and "Wholesale Purchasers. 

l^^" Orders per Mail ^cill Tje promptly attended to, andJiUed on the same terms as if piirchased 
in person. 

Books on Soience and General Literature ; Counting House and Fancy Stationeet. 

:0 Xj j^ UNT 31^ ^<30Z^JS 

Oil hand or made to order in every style of Ruling and Binding. 

eEosoi: -w. wbbb, 

mmmm m mmm, 

Has removed to the Old Established Jewelry Stand on the 

S. E. COR. BALTIMORE & CHARLES STS. 

Where he intends keeping a well selected 
stock of 

RICH JEWELRY 



In the MANUFACTURE and REPAIR OF JEWELRY, every attention will be 
paid to neatness and durability. 

Will be under the charge of Mr. JACOB BRADENBAUGH, who has had a long 
experience as a practical workman, and will give. his personal attention to the RE- 
PAIRING of Fine Watches 

Purchasers may rely upon getting articles of such quality as represented. Orders 
from the country attended to with fidelity and dispatch. 





NO 



GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 



327 



by the Portsmouth and Roanoke raih-oad. Capital, Portsmouth. 
Population, 33,036, of whom 22,636 were free, and 10,400 slaves. 




Norfolk, a city and port of entry of Norfolk county, Virginia, is 
situated on the right or N. bank of Elizabeth river, eight miles from 
Hampton Roads, thirty two miles from the sea, 160 miles by water 
or 106 by land S. E. from Richmond. Lat. 36° 51' N., Ion. 76° 
19' W. The river, which is seven-eighths of a mile wide, separates 
it from Portsmouth. Next to Richmond, Norfolk is the most pop- 
ulous city of Virginia. It has more foreign commerce than any 
other place in the State, and together with Portsmouth is the most 
important naval station in the Union. The most conspicuous pub- 
lic buildings ar^ the City Hall, which has a granite front, a cupola 
110 feet high, and a portico of six Tuscan columns ; its dimensions 
are eighty feet by sixty : the Norfolk Military Academy, a Doric 
structure, 91 feet by 47, with a portico of six columns at each end : 
the Mechanics' Hall, a Gothic building 90 feet by 60 : Ashland Hall 
and a Baptist church with a steeple 200 feet high. It also contains 
14 churches, one of which is Roman Catholic, nine seminaries, a 
hospital, an orphan asylum, three banks, »nd two reading rooms. 
Five newspapers are published here. The trade of Norfolk is facil- 
itated by the Dismal Swamp canal, which opens a communication 
between Chesapeake bay and Albemarle sound, and by the Seaboard 
and Roanoke railroad, which connects it with the towns of North 
and South Carolina. The canal, constructed with great labor 
through the Dismal Swamp, is navigable by schooners, and brings 
to this place a very extensive trade in corn and lumber. A railroad 
is projected iiom this city to Petersburg. The entrance of the har- 
bor is defended by forts Calhoun and Monroe. The capital invested 
in manufactures is about $570,000, and the value of the annual pro- 
ductions is estimated at $1,140,000. The reported value of real 
estate is $5,000,000. Norfolk was laid out in 1705, incorporated 
as a borough in 1736, and as a city in 1845. In 1776 it was burnt 
by the British. Population in 1850, 14,326 ; in 1854 about 20,000. 

Northampton, a county in the S. E. part of Virginia, is situated 
on the eastern shore of Chesapeake bay, and forms the S. extremity 



328 



BALTIMORE SUBSCRIBERS. 



J. W. MIDDLETON & CO. 

TIN PLATE & SHEET IRON WORKERS, 

No. 30 South Calvert Street, 

Also a general assortment of BRITANNIA WARE, and all kinds of HOLLOW 
WARE, such as pots, Ovens and Tea Kettles, constantly on hand. 

JOHN MALLON, 

PUMP AND BLOCK MAKER, 

Corner Pratt and South Streets, 

J. M. manufoctiires Oak and Pine WELL PUMPS, of any length ; Patent plank 
Blocks, Patent solid Blocks, Iron bushed Blocks, Oars, Handspikes, Deck Plugs and 
all other articles in his line of business, on reasonable terms. 



E. WHITMAN. 



E. W. ROBINSON. 



B. WHITMAN & CD'S 

New Agricultural Implement, Seed and Machine Wareliouscj 

No. 63 EXCHANGE PLACE, BALTIMORE. 




Farmers>nd Mechanics will timl at our new Warebdusc nearly every Irapleiiienf, Machine or Tool 
used in their hne of business. 

Our arrangements with Northern manufacturers, together with our own facilities for manufacturing 
in Baltimore, enable ns to avail ourselves of all new and vaUiable improvements, and to offer them to 
the public on the most favorable terms. Our stock probably embraces the greatest variety of any 
house of the kind in this country, among which may be found the following, viz : 



AGRICULTURAL. 

Horsepowers, 

Threshing Machines, 

Wheat Fans, 

Plows and Harrows, 

Cultivators, 

Wheat and Seed Drills, 

Heaping Machines, 

Cornshellers, 

Straw Cutters, 

Corn and Cob Crushers, 

Plantation Mills, 



IMPIiEMENTS AND 

Vegetable Cutter.s, 



Hydraulic Kams, 
Pumps of all kinds, 
Slio\ els, Spu<les, Forks, 
llakes, Ilocs, itc, &a. 
Planing Machines for wood, 

" " for iron, 

Steam Engines, 
Sash Moulding Macliines, 
Mortising and Tenoning Ma- 
chines, 



MECHANICS' MACHINES. 

Circular and Upright Saws, 
I'^ngiiie and Hand Lathes, 
Horizontal and Upright Drills, 
Bolt Cutting Machines, 
Portable and Snuth's Forges, 
Smith's Bellows, 
Fan Blowers, 
Stocks and Dies, 
Smut Machines, 
Belting, &c., &c. 



Field and Garden Seeds, Fruit and Ornamental Trees, Peruvian and Mexican Guano, Poudrette, 
Bone Dust and Fertilizers of all descriptions. 



NO GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 329 

of the peninsula which extends between that bay and the sea. The 
length is 36 miles, and the area 320 square miles. It is indented 
by numerous inlets on each side. The surface is level ; the soil 
light and sandy. • Indian corn and oats are the staples ; fish and 
oysters are abundant. In 1850 there were raised 364,967 bushels 
of corn, 184,087 of oats, and 44,189 of sweet potatoes. There 
were three castor oil mills, and tliree coach manufactories ; ten 
churches, and 622 pupils attending public schools. Northampton 
was one of the eight original shires formed in 1634. Capital, East- 
ville. Population, 7498, of whom 3850 were free, and 3648 slaves. 

North Anna, a small river in the eastern part of Virginia, rises 
in Louisa and Orange counties, flows south east-ward, forming the 
boundary between Louisa and Hanover on the right, and Spottsylva- 
nia and Caroline on the left, and unites with S. Anna river, near the 
southern extremity of the latter counties, a few miles above Hanover 
Court House. The river formed by this confluence is the Pamunkey. 

North Bend Mills, a post office of Tyler county, Virginia. 

North River, in the central part of Virginia, rises in Augusta 
county, among the Alleghany mountains, flows southward through 
Rockbridge county, passes by Lexington and enters the James river 
immediately above its passage through the Blue Ridge, near the 
northern extremity of Bedford county. This stream in its upper 
part, is called the Calfpasture river. The whole length is about 
100 miles. 

North River, in the N. E. part of Virginia. This name is 
frequently applied to the Rappahannock above the mouth of the 
Rapidan. See Rappahannock. 

North River, of Hampshire county, Virginia, is an affluent of 
the Great Cacapon river. 

North River, of Rockingham county Virginia, one of the head 
streams of the Shenandoah proper, flows south-eastward and unites 
with the Middle and South rivers, near Port Republic, in the county 
just named. 

North River Meeting House, a post office of Hampshire 
county Virginia. 

Northumberland, a county in the E. part of Virginia, border- 
ing on Chesapeake bay and on the estuary of the Potomac river, 
has an area of 150 square miles. Its eastern outline is indented by 
several inlets, two of which are called the Coan and Wicomico 
rivers. The surface is somewhat undulating, and the soil of me- 

"^ 42 




These Machines have now become in general use in Baltimore and many of the Soulliern and West- 
ern Cities, and have in every instance given the utmost satisl'action to those tliat have them in use. 
The subscriber now, with confidence, recommends them to every Merchant in the Union who has a 
Warehouse, as a safe and easy mode of transporting goods from one story to another. These Ma- 
chines are warranted. Here are a few names of Merchants who have them in use in their Ware- 
houses, to which I refer : 



JAMES PAEKHURST, Bowlv's Wharf. 
J. IIOOPEK <fe SONS, Cheapside, 
CHARLES E. JAY. Cheapside, 
FREDERICK ROLISON, Paca street, 
E. C. THOMAS, Baltimore street, 
ROBERT M. HART, Baltimore street. 
DUYALL. ROfJEKS \- Cd., IJaltimore street, 
J. R. MANN, McElderrv's Wliarf. 



E. H. SKINNER, Richmond, 
SAMUEL H. HAYWOOD. Richmond 
CRENSHAW & BROTHER, 
WILLIAM BROAVN, 
CoL. W. W. WATTS, Portsmoulli, 
NIKMYER & AVHITE, " 
CAZENt)!: .t CO., Alexandria, 
HENRY DAINGERFIELD, Ale.\-andria 
ROBERT H. IIUNTON, 



I5ISTH.ICT OT' C01CjTJ1!K£:^XJ\.. 



P. TYSON, Washington. 

RICHARD J. RYAN. " 



JACOB GIDEON, Washington, 
AV. M. SHUSTER & CO , Washington, 
A. J. JOYCE, 

I could name many others, but deem these few references sufficient. I also make all kinds of 
TRUCKS and WHEELBAItROWS and TRUCK WAGONS. In sliort, every kind of Machines for 
Hoisting or Removing goods in Warehouses, may be foi'nd at my Manufactory, being llie only one of 
this kind in Baltimora. lam prepared to sell as cheap as any other manufacturer in the" United 
Sta tes. 

1^^ Merchants and others will please give me a call and examine for themselves. 

FRANKLIN L.. BATES, East Falls Avenue, 

Between Lombard and Pratt streets, adjoiniiiy the Bridge, Baltimore, Md. 



OC GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 331 

diutn quality. Indian corn, wheat, potatoes, cattle and swine are 
the staples. In 1850 this county produced 221,587 bushels of corn, 
53,902 of wheat, 15,093 of sweet potatoes, and 29,773 pounds of 
butter. It contained three tanneries, eleven churches, and 279 pu- 
pils attending academies and other schools. Formed in 1648. Cap- 
ital, Heathsville. Population, 7346, of whom 3591 were free, and 
3755 slaves 

North-West River Bridge, a post office of Norfolk county, 
Virginia. 

NoRTONSViLLE, a post office of Albemarle county, Virginia. 

Nottoway, or Nottaway river, in the S. E. part of Virginia, 
rises in Nottaway county, and flowing in a winding course along the 
border of Dinwiddle, and through Sussex and Southampton coun- 
ties, unites with the Meherrin to form the Chawan river in Gates 
county. North Carolina, after a course of upwards of 110 miles. 

Nottoway, a county in the S. S. E. part of Virginia, has an area 
of 330 square miles. The Nottaway forms its boundary on the S. 
Tobacco and Indian corn are the staples. In 1850 this county pro- 
duced 2,109,314 pounds of tobacco, and 216,991 bushels of corn. 
There were 18 grist mills, and three tanneries. It contained 13 
churches, 260 pupils attending public schools, and 16 attending an 
academy. The Richmond and Danville railroad passes through the 
county. Capital, Nottoway Court House. Population, 8437, of 
whom 2387 were free, and 6050 slaves. 

Nottoway Court House, capital of Nottoway county, Virginia, 
on the Southside railroad, eight miles from its junction with the 
Richmond and Danville railroad, 60 miles S. W. from Richmond. 
Population about 200. 

Oak Hill, a post office of Fauquier county, Virginia, 122 miles 
N. by W. from Richmond. 

Oakland, a post office of Morgan county, Virginia. 

Oakville, a small post-village of Appomattox county, Virginia, 
103 miles W. from Richmond. 

Oatland, a post village of Loudoun county, Virginia, on Goose 
creek, 150 miles N. from Richmond. It has several mills. 

OccoQUAN river, in the N. E. part of Virginia, is formed by Broad 
run and Cedar run, which unite near Brentsville in Prince William 
county. It flows eastward to the boundary between that county 
and Fairfax, then runs south-eastward along the boundary until it 
enters the Potomac river 25 miles below Washington. 



332 



BALTIMORE SUBSCRIBERS. 



TO PRINTERS & PUBLISHERS. 

lO PER CENT. SAVED AT THE 

The undersigne J has opened a TYPE FOUNDRY in the City of 
Balliinore, for the manufacture of 

PRINTERS' MATERIALS GENERALLY, 

Newspaper Heads, Cuts, Brass Rule, Plain and Fancy Dashes of various 
patterns, Leads, Slugs, Single and Double Brass Galleys, Job Sticks, 
Brass Rule Cutters of an improved pattern. Lead Cutters, &c., &o- 

We pledge ourselves to those who may patronize us, that every article furnished 
by us shall be of the best material and workmanship, as our long experience in the 
business, (one of the Firm having superintended one of the largest Type Foundries 
in the country for several years,) will enable us to give satisfaction in all cases. 

Newspaper Heads and Cuts Electrotyped. 

Punctuality may be relied on in every case. 

Place of business No. 9 Holliday street, near Baltimore street, 

JOHN RYAN & BRO. 



. BLAKE, 

ROI FOUIDRy AND ICHINE SHOP. 

No. 40 BAST MONUMENT STHEET, 






Makes toorler all kinds of Wrought and Cast Iron Railings ; Castings of all kinds, 
yteam Engines, Machinists' 'J'ools, and all kinds of heavy and light Machinery, at 
the shortest notice, and on moderate terms. All orders promptly attended to. 



OR GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 333 

OccoQUAN, a post village of Prince William county, Virginia, on 
the Occoquan river, 99 miles N. from Richmond. It has extensive 
water power, with several mills and a cotton factory. Population 
from 300 to 400. 

Ohio, a county in the N. W. part of Virginia, bordering on Penn- 
sylvania, and on the Ohio river, contains about 140 square miles. 
The Ohio river separates it from the State of Ohio, and it is drained 
by Wheeling creek. Indian corn, wheat, oats, hay, butter and 
wool are the staples. The hills contain rich mines of bituminous coal, 
which is extensively used in manufactories. In 1850 the county 
produced 214,020 bushels of corn, 57,709 of wheat, 76,767 of oats, 
4111 tons of hay, 104,722 pounds of butter, and 98,590 of wool. 
There were two cotton factories, three nail factories, five glass 
factories, one woolen factory, two wire manufactories, four iron 
foundries, three iron forges, 17 collieries, nine flour, three paper and 
two planing mills. It contained 15 churches, 3529 pupils attending 
public schools, and 400 attending academies or other schools. Cap- 
ital, Wheeling." Population, 18,006, of whom 17,842 were free, 
and 164 slaves. Population in 1854 about 25,000. 

Old Point Comfort, a post village and watering place of Eliz- 
abeth City county, Virginia, 12 miles N. from Norfolk, situated at 
the entrance of Hampton roads, on the James river. The entrance 
is defended by fort Monroe. Here is a fixed light 50 feet above the 
sea. Lat. 37° N., Ion. 76° 22' W. 

Onancock, a post village of Accomack county, Virginia, 100 
miles E. by N. from Richmond. 

Opequan Creek, in the N. E. part of Virginia, rises in Frederick 
county, flows north-eastward, forming the boundary of Clarke and 
Jefferson counties on the right, and Frederick and Berkley on the 
left, until it falls into the Potomac. 

Orange, a county in the E. part of Virginia, has an area of 230 
square miles. It is bounded on the N. by the Rapidan, and drained 
by the head streams of North Anna river. Indian corn, wheat, oats, 
hay, tobacco and butter are the staples. In 1850 this county pro- 
duced 267,140 bushels of corn, 121,825 of wheat, 30,750 of oats, 
1881 tons of hay, 174,700 pounds of tobacco, and 54,814 of butter. 
There were 23 flour, grist, saw and plaster mills, one woolen fac- 
tory, and five tanneries : nine churches, and 253 pupils attending 
public schools. The county contains limestone, iron ore, and small 
quantities of gold are found. It is intersected by the Orange and 



334 



BALTIMORE SUBSCRIBERS. 



IRA C. CANPIELD. WM. B. CANFIELD. JOS. H. MEREDITH. 

CANFIELD, BROTHER & CO. 

IMPORTERS, MANUFACTURERS AND DEALERS IN 




SILVER & PLATED WAEE, MILITAM AND 




j^nx j^% S^o^ (^ 

,cyo^ ,cy^ ^cyc^ ^ 



9 



WHOLESALE AND RETAIL, 

No. 229 BALTIMORE STREET, 
CJor- or c::Jli.^-nos street;. 



Their stock consists in part of Gold 
and Silver Watches, of the best makers, 
in Hunting, Magic and open Cases, some 
for ladies, set with Diamonds and Pearls 
and beautifully enameled; Gold Chains, 
Chatelaines, Seals, Keys, Charms, Gold 
Pens and Pencils; Rich Diamond, Pearl, 
Gold and Enameled Jewelry of the new- 
est styles ; Silver Coffee and Tea Sets, 
Silver Pitchers, Goblets, Cups, Waiters, 
Baskets, Casters, Silver Forks, Spoons, 
Dessert, Fish, Butter and Pastry Knives, 
Napkin Rings, Salt Cellars, &c., &c. 
Sheffiield and Birmingham Plated Ware, 
consisting of Epergnes, Wailers, Casters, 
Baskets, Candlesticks, Egg Stands, But- 
ter Dishes, Forks, Spoons and Ladles. A 
very extensive vrriety of Fancy goods, 
consisting of Clocks, Bronzes, Candela- 
bras, Glass and China Vases, Rich Dres- 
den China and Parian Figures, Papier 
Mache Goods, Rosewood Dressing Cases 
and Writing Desks, Elegant Fans, Opera 
Glasses, Port Monnaies, Card Cases, Fine 
Paintings, Table Cutlery, &c. 
They feel sure the advantage of personally selecting their goods at the different 
factories in Europe, and their own manufictories of Jewelry and Silver Ware here, 
enable them to offer inducements to purchasers equal to any other house in the United 
States. 




PA 



GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 



335 




JAMES MADISON, 
Born in this county March 19, 1751. 




ZACIIARY TAYLOR, 
Born in this county. 



Alexandria railroad. Capital, Orange Court House. Population, 
10,067, of whom 4146 were free, and 5921 slaves. 

Orange Court House, capital of Orange county, Virginia, 80 
miles N. W. from Richmond, and 92 miles from Washington, con- 
tains two churches, and about 500 inhabitants. 

Orange Springs, a post village of Orange county, Virginia, 104 
miles N. N. W. from Richmond. 

Otter Bridge, a post office of Bedford county, Virginia. 

Otter Peaks, Virginia. See Peaks of Otter. 

Otter River, a small stream in the S. part of Virginia, rises in 
Bedford county, at the base of the celebrated Peaks of Otter, and 
flowing south-eastward, falls into Staunton river in Cabell county. 

Oxford, a post office of Ritchie county, Virginia. 

Pack's Ferry, a post office of Monroe county, Virginia. 

Paddytown, a small village of Hampshire county, Virginia, on 
the N. branch of Potomac river, and about 210 miles N, W. from 
Richmond. 

Page, a county toward the N. E. part of Virginia, contains about 
300 square miles. The soil is of limestone formation and is highly 
productive. Wheat, Indian corn, hay and butter are the staples. 
In 1850 this county produced 128,430 bushels of wheat, 137,602 
of corn, 2253 tons of hay, and 53,207 pounds of butter. There 
were 16 flour mills, three saw mills, one iron furnace, two iron for- 
ges, and five tanneries. It contained eleven churches, 463 pupils 
attending public schools, and 35 attending other schools. Iron ore 
and fine marble are abundant ; copper and lead are also found. Cap- 
ital, Luray. Population, 7600, of whom 6643 were free, and 957 
slaves. 



336 



BALTIMORE SUBSCRIBERS. 



''%. 







CASTINGS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION, 
CORNER OF STILES AND PRESIDENT STREETS, 

JOHN G. MILLHOLLAND, 

ENGINEER & MACHINIST, 

Hast Falls Avenne, Near Pratt St. Bridge, 

Is prepared to execute all orders in liis line for 

XKK j£Il O XX X IKT I^ 3E1. -Sr ^ 

Steam Engines, and other kinds of Machine work. Also, Plan- 
ing and Turning of the largest descriptions. Orders by Mail 
promptly attended to. 

N. B. — In connection with the above the Subscriber has just 
opened an 

ni.03sr I'oxjivr jD^a-x-, 

And is now prepared to furnish to order every description of 
Castings on the shortest notice and most reasonable terms. 



AP GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 337 

Painsville, a post village of Amelia county, Virginia, forty-six 
miles W. S. W. from Richmond. 

Palatine, a thriving post village of Marion county, Virginia, on 
the right bank of Monongahela river, opposite Fairmount. The 
Baltimore and Ohio railroad crosses the river at this place on a fine 
suspension bridge. 

Palestine, a post village in Greenbrier county, Virginia. 
Palmyra, a post village, capital of Fluvanna county, Virginia, 
on the Rivanna river, 60 miles W. by N. from Richmond. 

Pamunkey river, in the S. E. part of Virginia, is formed by the 
union of North and South Anna rivers, on the border of Caroline 
and Hanover counties, and flowing in a general S. E. direction 
joins the Mattapony to form the York river. Its whole length is 
probably not less than 75 miles. This river separates King William 
county from Hanover and New Kent counties. 

Parham's Store, a post office of Sussex county, Virginia. 
Parisburg, a post village, capital of Giles county, Virginia, on 
the left bank of New river, 240 miles W. from Richmond. 

Parkersburg, a thriving post village, capital of Wood county, 
Virginia, on the Ohio river, at the mouth of the Little Kanawha, 100 
miles below Wheeling, and about 258 miles in a direct line W. N. 
W^. from Richmond. It contains a court house, churches of four or 
five denominations, a bank, a printing office, and several steam 
mills. Population in 1853, about 3500. 

Parnassus, a post village of Augusta co., Va., on the Warm 
Spring and Harrisonburg turnpike, 132 miles N. W. from Richmond. 
Patrick, a county in the S. part of Virginia, bordering on North 
Carolina, has an area of 500 square miles. Indian corn, wheat, 
oats, tobacco, cattle, and swine are the staples. In 1850 there 
were raised 248,868 bushels of corn, 12,755 of wheat, 90,441 of 
oats, 429,699 pounds of tobacco, and 66,957 of butter. There 
were two flour and grist mills, 18 tobacco factories, two tanneries, 
one iron furnace, and one iron forge. It contained thirteen churches 
and 826 pupils attending public schools. Iron ore abounds in it. 
Formed out of a part of Henry county in 1791, and named in honor 
of the illustrious orator, Patrick Henry. Capital, Taylorsville." 
Population 9609, of whom 7285 were free, and 2324 slaves. 

Patrick Court House, or Taylorsville, a post village, capi- 
tal of Patrick county, Virginia, on the Mayo river, 226 miles S. W. 
from Richmond, and eight miles from the Tennessee line. 



43 



338 



BALTIMORE SUBSCRIBERS. 



GEO. W. HARDESTY. 



FRANKLIN MILLS. 




HARDS STY & MILLS, 



AND MANUFACTURERS OF 

'For Steam, Water, Gas & other purposes. 

Also all the Tarious articles used in the Plumbing Business, 

Lovely Lane, between South and Calvert Streets, 

(nearly opposite the sun ieon bttilding,) 

35 u9l Xj 7 X IVE O lEl. £3 . 

H. & M. arc now prepared to manufacture to order every variety of GAUGE and STEAM COCKS, 
(with or without Flanges,) used by Locomotive and Stationary Engine Builders, including Oil Cocks, 
Cups, Couplings, &c. Also Lager Beer Cocks. Every description of Brass Castings done daily. 
Turning and Finishing in all the various branches. Copper & Brass bought or exchanged for work. 

SMITH & CURLETT, 
FINE, FANCY & COMMON 



ADAMANTIN'^E & TALLOW CANDLES, 

Corner of HoUiday and Pleasant Sts. 

IB A E^ 1" I M ® M M o 

CHARLES & JAMES WEBB, 



MANUFACTURERS, 

N. W. Corner of Chew and Ensor Streets/ 

NORTH OF MAUISON, 

Manufacture and have constantly on hand, MOULD and DIPPED 
CANDLES, and all kinds of SOAPS, which for quality cannot be 
excelled in this or any other city, which will be disposed of on rea- 
sonable terms. 



PE GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 339 

Patterson's Creek, in the N. part of Virginia, rises in Hardy 
county, flows north eastward through Hampshire county, and enters 
the North branch of the Potomac, about eight miles S. E. from 
Cumberland, in Maryland. 

Pattonsburg, a thriving post- village of Botetourt county, Vir- 
ginia, on the James river, 181 miles W. from Kichmond, is con- 
nected by a handsome bridge with the village of Buchanan. 

Pattonsville, a post office of Scott county, Virginia. 

Pawpaw, a post office of Morgan county, Virginia. 

Peaks of Otter, Virginia, between Bedford and Botetourt coun- 
ties thirty miles W. by N. from Lynchburg. Their summits are 
about 4260 feet above the level of the sea. 

Pendleton, a county in the N. central part of Virginia, has an 
area of 620 square miles. It is intersected by the South or princi- 
pal branch of Potomac river, and by two affluents of the same, called 
the North and South forks. The main Alleghany mountain forms 
its boundary on the N. W., the North mountain on the S. E., and 
Jackson's mountain extends across the county. Indian corn, wheat, 
oats, hay and cattle are the staples. In 1850 this county produced 
109,838 bushels of corn, 44,137 of wheat, 29,930 of oats, 7664 tons 
of hay, and 69,306 pounds of butter. There were 20 flour and saw 
mills, seven w^ool carding mills, and seven tanneries. It contained 
twelve churches, and 225 pupils attending academies and other 
schools. Capital, Franklin. Population 5795, of whom 5473 were 
free, and 322 slaves. 

Petersburg, a handsome and 
flourishing city and port of entry 
I of Dinwiddle county, Virginia, on 
the right or S. bank of the Ap- 
pomattox river, at the crossing of 
the Great Southern railroad, 22 
^f miles S. from Richmond, and ten 
miles from the James river at city point. Lat. 37° 14' N., Ion. 77° 
20' W. It is the third town of Virginia in respect to population, 
and possesses extensive facilities for business. Vessels of 100 tons 
ascend the river to the town, and those of larger size to Waltham's 
landing, six miles below. The South Side railroad has its eastern 
terminus at this place, and the Appomatox railroad connects it with 
City Point, at the rarouth of the river. Large quantities of flour and 
tobacco are exported from this place. Petersburg is well built, and 




340 



BALTIMORE SUBSCRIBERS. 



FEMALE COLLEGE, 




No. 53 ST. PAUL, STREET, 

N. C. BROOKS, A. M., President. 

This Seminary of learninfj, established for the liberal education oi^ 
Younfi Ladies, was created a College proper by the Legislature of Mary- 
land, December Session, 1819, with authority to confer degrees, and 
endowed with all the rights and privileges of the most favored female 
institutions. 

The course of instruction is intended to develop the intellectual, social, 
and moral faculties, and, by imparting a thorough, practical, accom- 
plished and Christian education, fit the pupil for the faithful discharge of 
the responsible duties that await her in life. This institution enjoys a 
liberal patronage from Maryland, Virginia, South Carolina, Mississippi, 
Louisiana, Arkansas, Ohio, Delaware, Pennsylvania and New York. 



I'.a.CXTIj'X'Tr or* I1WST3EI.XJC3TI0]V. 

N. C. BROOKS, A. M , Professor of Ancient Languages. 

Rev. H. M. HARMAN, A. M —Mathematics and Natural Science. 

Miss MARY LOUISA BROOKS,— Helles Lettres and Physiology. 

Miss MARY A. HOMANS,— English Branches and History. 

Miss HARRIET A. GERK,— Assistant in English and History. 

Mons. J. La REIN TRIE, — French and Spanish Languages. 

Mons. EMILE KKTT,— Professor of Drawing and Painting. 

Miss ELLEN C. GOBRIGHT— Piano and Singing. 

Miss ELIZ\ AUGUSTA BROOKS, " 

Mrs. ELIZABETH KEIRLE,— Guitar and Singing. 

Mr. RUELL SHAW,— Vocal Music. 

Board and Tuition, per annum, $200 00 

Board and Tuition for pupils under 12 years, 160 00 

Music and Painting, extra charge. 
For Circulars containing full information, address, 

N. C. BROOKS, President. 



PI GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA 341 

contains two churches of the Presbyterians, two of the Methodists, 
two of the Episcopalians, one of the Baptists, one of the Catholics, 
besides several places of worship for colored people. It has also 
three banks, several cotton factories, one woolen factory, two rope- 
walks, one iron furnace, six forges, and numerous mills of various 
kinds. Three newspapers are published here. The falls of the 
river, which arrest the ascent of the tide immediately above Peters- 
burg, furnish extensive water power. Around these falls a canal 
has been constructed, by which means small boats ascend the river 
for the distance of abo'ut 100 miles. The shipping of this port, 
June 30, 1852, amounted to an aggregate of 484U tons registered, 
and 210911 tons enrolled and licensed. Of the latter, 20301^ tons 
were employed in the coast trade, and 322|f tons in steam naviga- 
tion. The foreign arrivals for the year were 16, (tons, 10,147 ; ) 
of which five (tons, 2773) were by American vessels. The clear- 
ances for foreign ports were 10, (tons, 5102 ;) of which 3906 were 
in foreign bottoms. Population in 1850, 14,010; in 1854, about 
18,000. 

Peters' Mountain, Virginia, is situated on the boundary be- 
tween Monroe and Giles counties. 

Peterstown, a post village of Monroe co., Va., on Rich creek, 
247 miles W. from Richmond, has a water power and several mills. 

Peytonsburg, a post village of Pittsylvania county, Virginia, 
145 miles S. W. from Richmond. 

Philippi, a post village, capital of Barbour county, Virginia, on 
Tygart's Valley river, about 210 miles N. W. from Richmond. 

Philomont, a post village of Loudoun county, Virginia, 12 miles 
S. from Leesburg. 

Piedmont, a village of Hampshire county, Virginia, on the North 
branch of the Potomac river, and on the Baltimore and Ohio railroad, 
215 miles N. VV. from Richmond. It contains machine shops of 
the railroad company. 

Piedmont Station, a post village of Fauquier county, Virginia. 

Pineview, a post office of Fauquier county, Virginia. 

Pittsylvania, a county in the S. part of Virginia, bordering on 
N. Carolina, has an area of about 1000 square miles. The Staun- 
ton river forms its N. boundary ; the Banister river flows through 
the middle, and the S. border is crossed several times by the mean- 
derings of the Dan. Tobacco, Indian corn and wheat are the sta- 
ples. In 1850 this county produced 4,700,757 pounds of tobacco; 



342 



BALTIMORE SUBSCRIBERS. 



F. H. GALLAGHER'S 




Book-Keeping 9 

^Mercantile W^riting^ 

207| Baltimore Street, between Charles & Light Streets, 



::o -A. 



T I IS/L O :FL E3 



These Counting Rooms have been established in Baltimore over five years, and 
continue in successful operation. Each student has a desk to himself and is in- 
structed separately and carefully by the proprietor alone, and experiences, by prac- 
tice, the various duties of actual business. 

Circulars stating terms, &c., transmitted by mail on application as above. 



I ■ ^ 




487 WEST BALTIMORE STREET, 

Keep constantly on hand a large assortment of Piano Fortes — wholesale and retail. 
Parties in want of a superior Piano Forte would do well to give them a call. 
|E1=" Orders promptly attended to. 



PO GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 343 

653,815 bushels of corn, and 123,934 of wheat. There were 25 
flour, grist and saw mills, 43 tobacco factories, seven tanneries, and 
three distilleries. It contained 50 churches, one newspaper office, 
697 pupils attending public schools, and 112 attending other 
schools. A railroad has been partly constructed from Richmond to 
Danville, the chief town of the county. Organized in 1767. Cap- 
ital, Competition: Population 28,796, of whom 15,998 were free, 
and 12,798 slaves. 

Pleasant Grove, a post office of Lunenburg county, Virginia, 
89 miles S. W. from Richmond. 

Pleasants, a new county in the N. W. part of Virginia, border- 
ing on the Ohio river, which separates it from the State of Ohio. 
Indian corn, wheat, oats, hay, and cattle are the staples. Capital, 
St. Mary's. 

Pocahontas, a county in theN. W. central part of Virginia, has 
an area of about 600 square miles. It is drained by the head 
streams of the Elk, Gauley, and Greenbrier rivers. The Greenbrier 
mountain extends across the county, while the main Alleghany forms 
its S. E. boundary. Indian corn, wheat, oats and live stock are the 
staples. In 1850 the county produced 51,949 bushels of corn, 11,- 
S06 of wheat, 52,998 of oats, 5911 tons of hay, and 76,080 pounds 
of butter. It contained one flour mill, one wool-carding mill, and 
one tannery ; seven churches, 200 pupils attending public schools, 
and 40 attending another school. A cave has lately been discov- 
ered in the Elk mountain, which in the number and magnitude of 
its apartments, is said to be scarcely inferior to the celebrated Weir's 
cave. It is called Skeen's cave. Organized in 1821 and named 
in honor of the Indian princess, Pocahontas. Capital, Huntersville. 
Population, 3598, of whom 3331 were free, and 267 slaves. 

PocoTALico, a river of Kanawha county, Virginia, falls into the 
Great Kanawha. 

Poindexter's Store, a post village of Louisa county, Virginia, 
68 miles N. W. from Richmond. 

Point Pleasant, a post village, capital of Mason county, Vir- 
ginia, on the Ohio river just above the mouth of the Kanavi'ha river, 
358 miles W. N. W. from Richmond. 

Port Conway, a post village of King George co,. Va., on the left 
bank of the Rappahannock, 60 miles N. by E. from Richmond. 

Port Republic, a post village in Rockingham county, Virginia, 
on the Shenandoah, about 100 miles W. N. W. from Richmond. 



344 



BALTIMORE SUBSCRIBERS. 



TIN WAEE! TIN WARE!! 




N? 2 SOUTH HOWARD ST^^ 




E. MILLS & BRO. 
No. 2 South Howard St 

Second door Soutli of Baltimore Street, 
MANUFACTUREKS AND DEALERS IN 

JAPANNED, 

AND 

m'im nassr wmSo 

ALL OeSCRlPTIOHS OF 

FACTORY WORK, 

COTTON CANS §60., 8cC, 

EXECUTED AT THE SHORTEST NOTICE. 



H. NEW6HAM. 



E. PAKKER 



NEWSHAM & CO. 

i 



irnanuntal |r0n Math, 

No. 2 S. Howard street 

Foundry & Machine Shop 

Cor. Fremont and Ramsey streets, 

[iALT[l[Ml©^[E, 

Keeps on hand and make to order 
all kinds of 

Suitable for Parks, Cemeteries, Ver- 
andas, Balconies, Gardens, Steps, &c. 
Particular attention to inclosing 
Cemetery Lots. 




PO GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 345 

Port Royal, a post village of Caroline county, Virginia, on the 
right bank of Rappahannock river, 22 miles below Fredericksburg, 
Population about 600. 

Portsmouth, a seaport and important naval depot of the United 
States, and capital of Norfolk county, Virginia, on the left bank of 
the Elizabeth river, opposite the city of Norfolk, eight miles from 
Hampton Roads, and 160 miles by Avater S. E. from Richmond. 
Lat. 36° 50' N., Ion. 76° 19' W. The river, which is about half a 
mile wide, forms a safe and excellent harbor, accessible to vessels 
of the largest size, in which several ships of war are usually lying 
at anchor. The General Government has at Gosport, (a suburb of 
Portsmouth,) a large and costly dry-dock, which is capable of ad- 
mitting the largest saips. Besides the United States naval hospi- 
tal in the vicinity, a large and showy building of stuccoed brick, 
Portsmouth contains a court house, six churches, a branch of the 
Bank of Virginia, and the Virginia Literary, Scientific, and Military 
Academy. Portsmouth is the terminus of the Seaboard and Roan- 
oke railroad, which with connecting lines, opens a communication 
with Charleston, South Carolina. Five newspapers are published 
here. Founded in 1752. Population, 8626. 

Potomac, a large river of Virginia and Maryland, is formed by 
the North and South branches, which unite on the northern border 
of Virginia, about 20 miles S.E.from Cumberland. It flows first north- 
eastward to Hancock, passing through several ridges of mountains. 
It pursues a south-easterly direction, and receives from the right its 
largest affluent, the shenandoah, just before its passage through 
the Blue Ridge at Harper'^ Ferry. Flowing thence south-eastward 
nearly one hundred miles to Georgetown, it falls over the edge of 
the primitive formation, and changes its course to the south and 
south-west for a distance of about 50 miles. Again resuming its 
general direction, it expands in an estuary of six or eight miles in 
width, and flows into Chesapeake bay about 38° North lat., and 76° 
10' W. Ion. The length, exclusive of the branches, is estimated at 
350 miles. The principal towns on its banks are Cumberland, 
Georgetown, Washinjjton and Alexandria. It is navigable for the 
largest vessels to Washington city. The Chesapeake and Ohio ca- 
nal extends along: this river from Cumberland to Georfretown. The 
Potomac forms the boundary between Maryland and Virginia. 

Potomac Creek, in the East part of Virginia, flows through 
Stafford county into the Potomac river. 

44 



346 



BALTIMORE SUBSCRIBERS. 



FURNITURE AND FEATHER RED STORE, 

JOHN "W. JONES, 

flHIflEE fflSE IBBIS 11 FIAIBIl BED STIEI, 

COR. OF ILIGHT A]¥D MEItCER l$TRE£T)§, 

(NEAli FOUNTAIN HOTEL,) 

:o^a.Xj<3?x]vi:o:fs.:h3. 

FUKNITUBE OF A t, L. KINDS, 

Feather Beds, Spring, Hair and Husk Mattrasses, 

Constantly on hand and supplied at short notice, at low prices. 

BALTliORE BELL AND BRASS WORKS. 

53 HOLLIBAY STREET, 




We the undersigned keep on hand or make to order, BELLS of any required weight 
or tone, for Churches, Factories, Steamboats, School Houses, Locomotives, Planta- 
tions, Railroad Stations, or any other purpose which requires BELLS, all of which 
are fitted up on the most improved plans, and on terms as reasonable as any other 
establishment in the country, and warranted to be equal in all respects an^ not to be 
surpassed by any in the United States. Also, all kinds of 

For Water, Steam and Gas, with all ether articles used the in Plumbing Business. 

OLD BELLS BOUGHT OR TAKEN IN EXCHANGE for new ones, and the 
highest prices given. 

CLAMFITT & REGISTER. 



PR GAZETTEER OF VltiOINIA. 347 

Pott's Creek, in the S. W. central part of Virginia, rises in 
Monroe county, flows north-eastward, and enters Jackson's river 
near Co'\jington, in Alleghany county. 

Powhatan county, situated in the S. E. central part of Virginia, 
contains 280 square miles. It is bounded on the North by the James 
river, and on the South by the Appomattox. Indian corn, wheat 
oats, and tobacco are the staples. In 1850 this county produced 
215,155 bushels of corn, 115,437 of wheat, 89,189 of oats and 
1,000,490 pounds of tobacco. It contained 19 churches and 305 
pupils attending academies and other schools. The James Eiver 
canal passes along the border. Organized in 1777. Capital, Scotts- 
ville. Population, 8,178, of whom 2,896 were free and 5,282 slaves. 

Preston, a county in the N. W. part of Virginia, bordering on 
Pennsylvania and Maryland, contains nearly 800 square miles. It 
is drained by the Cheat river. The soil produces excellent pasture, 
and in some parts grain succeeds well. The principal exports are 
lumber, Indian corn, oats, pork and butter. In 1850 this county 
produced 144,276 bushels of corn, 153,496 of oats, 36,769 of wheat, 
179,836 pounds of butter and 7,765 tons of hay. There were four 
tanneries, one woolen factory, 28 churches, 840 pupils attending 
public schools and 70 attending other schools. Limestone, sand- 
stone and slate, alternate with beds of coal ; iron ore is abundant. 
The streams afford a vast amount of water power. Named in honor 
of James B. Preston, at that time Governor of Virginia. Capital, 
Kingwood. Population, 11,708, of whom 11,621 were free and 87 
slaves. 

Pride's Church, a post office of Amelia county Virginia. 

Prillaman's, a post office of Franklin county, Virginia. 

Prince Edward, a county in the S. S. E. part of Virginia, has 
an area of about 300 square miles. It is bounded on the north by 
Appomattox river, and drained by Harris, Briery, Bush, and Sandy 
creeks. The surface is somewhat diversified ; the soil is naturally 
good, but impoverished in some degree by a bad system of cultivation. 
Tobacco, Indian corn, wheat and oats are the staples. In 1850 this 
county produced 2,571,850 pounds of tobacco, 214,350 bushels of 
corn, 75,762 of wheat and 87,229 of oats. There were nine flour 
and grist mills, six tobacco factories, three tanneries and one iron 
foundry. It contained 24 churches, one newspaper office, 377 pu-> 
pils attending public schools and 117 attending other schools. Cop- 
per, stone coal, and marl are found. The county is intersected by 



848 



BALTIMORE SUBSCRIBERS. 



No. 66 CAI.V£!HT STREE'il', 

(Near Pkatt Street Wharf.) 
MANUFACTURER AND WHOLESALE DEALER IN ALL KINDS OF 

WOODEN, WILLOW 
And Cedar Ware, 

BRISTLE BRUSHES, MATS, 

TWINE, CORDAGE, MATCHES, ' 

BLACKING, CLOCKS, 

WINDOW SHADES, &c. &c. 

For the trade on the most reasonable terms. 





SPENCER ROWE. 



OPPOSITE OALVERT STATI 



ON, 



The undersigned h iving leased the above hotel and put it in complete order, is 
prepared to accommodate his friends and the traveling public. The proprietor 
will be pleased to see his old friends, and promises to make their stay comfortable 
and satisfactory. Baggage taken to and from Calvert Station Free of Charge. 

JOHN BARR, Proprietor, 

(Formerly of Peiiiisylvaiiia.) 

nmii SClliiN liOCKAWA! (JRAi Fil! 

J. MONTGOMERY Sl BRO'B 

CELEBRATED DOUBLE SCREEN 
ROCKAWAIT 

WHEAT FANS, 

PATENTED 

December 20tli, 1853. 



|I3^ These Fans have taken 
the First Premiums at (Mght of 
the principal Agricultural Fairs 
of Maryland, Virginia and North 
Carolina, in 1854. They are 
adapted to all kinds of grains. 
All orders will be tliankfully re- 
ceived and promptly attended to. 
Address 

J. MONTGOMERY &BRO. 

No. 155 N. High Street. 




PR GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 349 

two lines of railway leading to Richmond, Danville and Lynchburg. 
Capital, Prince Edward Court House. Population 11,857, of whom 
4,665 were free and 7,192 slaves. 

Prince Edward Court House, a small post village, capital of 
Prince Edward county, Virginia, 75 miles W. S. W. from Rich- 
mond. It contains, besides the county buildings, one or two 
churches and 2 academies. 

Prince George, a county in the S.^^E. part of Virginia, has an 
area of about 300 square miles. James river forms its northern 
boundary, the Appomattox flows along its north-western border un- 
til it enters the former stream, and it is also drained by the sources 
of Blackwater river. Indian corn, wheat, oats and butter are the 
staples. In 1850 this county produced 261,510 bushels of corn, 
81,042 of wheat, 23,600 of oats, and 32,988 pounds of butter. There 
were 19 manufactories of wooden'ware, beside other establishments; 
14 churches, and 198 pupils attending public schools. Capital, 
Prince George Court-house. Population, 7596, of whom 3,188 
were free and 4,408 slaves. 

Prince George Court House, a post village, capital of Prince 
George county, Virginia, 24 miles S. S. E. from Richmond. 

Princess Anne, a county in the S. E. extremity of Virginia, 
bordering on North Carolina and the Atlantic. The area is about 
420 square miles. The Chesapeake bay washes its N. border ; Cape 
Henry forms the N. E. extremity. Large quantities of firewood and 
lumber (pine and cypress) are procured from the forests for the Nor- 
folk market. Indian corn is the staple product of the farms. In 
1850 there were raised 347,141 bushels of corn, 60,024 of oats, and 
1,593 tons of hay. There were four grist and saw mills and two 
farming implement manufactories ; 17 churches and 819 pupils at- 
tending public schools. Formed from Norfolk in 1691. Capital 
Princess Anne Court House. Population, 7,669, of whom 4,539 
were free, and 3,130 slaves. 

Princess Anne Court House, a post village, capital of Princess 
Anne county, Virginia, 137 miles S. E. from Richmond. It con- 
tains two churches. 

Princeton, a post village, capital of Mercer county, Virginia, 
270 miles West from Richmond, It has two churches. 

Prince William, a county in the N. E. part of Virginia, con- 
tains about 325 square miles. The Potomac river forms its boun- 
dary on the S. E., the Occoquan on the N. E., it is also drained by 



350 



BALTIMORE SUBSCRIBERS. 



HENRY J. BAKER. 



CHA-RLES J. BAKER. 



JOSEPH ROGERS, Jb. 

BAXEB & BEO. 

IMPORTERS AND MANUFACTURERS OF 



CHEMICALS, PAINTS, GLUE, &c. 

Nos. 32 and 34 South Charles street, 



9 



No. 5 SOUTH CHARLES STREET, 

i i^ L T []^ © 1^ 1 . 
JAMBS S. ROBINSON, 

Has in Store, for sale at Manufactory Prices, 

PRINTING, WRITING IND WRAPPING PIPER, 

Printers' Cards, Box, Bonnet and Straw Goods, 

AND WILL PURCHASE FOR CASH, 

RAG'S, CANVAS, ROPE, &c. 



BUTT & RICKETTS, 

WHOLESALE DEALERS IN 

Foreign Fruits, Huts, Cigars, &c. 

CORNER OF BALTIMORE AND LIBERTY STREETS, 
lO -A- Ij O? I 3VI O It E3- 



WM. ROGERS. 



JAS. M. COULTER. 



BOSTON HAZLITT. 




9 



JAS. HAZLITT. 

JAMES HAZLITT & CO. 

IMPORTERS OF 

Irish and Scotch Malt Whiskeys, 

-JE^ J^ '\r JIL ISI Jk. €^X €:3r JiL.FL Sn 

AND DEALERS IN 

mmm o^m wmmm^f^ 

No. 4 COMMEROII STREET, 

b_a.ltim:oiie. 



RA GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 351 



Cedar Run, Broad Run, and Quantico creek. Indian corn, wheat, 
oats, hay and butter are the staples. In 1850 it produced 161,248 
bushels of corn, 57,728 of wheat, 57,717 of oats, 2,309 tons of hay, 
and 79,079 pounds of butter. There were 19 flour, grist, plaster 
and saw mills, five wool-carding mills, one cotton factory and one 
woolen factory. It contained 13 churches and 316 pupils attending 
public schools. Formed in 1730. Capital, Brentsville. Popula- 
tion 8,129, of whom 5,631 were free and 2,498 slaves. 

Pulaski, a county in the S. S. W. part of Virginia, contains 
about 250 square miles. It is intersected by New river, which also 
flows along the Eastern border ; Little river, an affluent of the for- 
mer, forms part of its eastern boundary. The county occupies a part 
of the great valley between Walker's mountain on the N. W. and 
the Blue Ridge on the S. E. Cattle are raised for exportation. 
In 1850 this county produced 175,510 bushels of Indian corn, 35,- 
284 of wheat, 63,367 of oats, and 2,639 tons of hay. There were 
four grist mills, five saw mills, one flour mil], four wool-carding 
mills and five tanneries. It contained nine churches, and 292 pupils 
attending academies and other schools. The county contains abun- 
dance of iron and stone coal. It is intersected by the Virginia and 
Tennessee railroad. Organized in 1839, and named in honor of the 
Polish count, Pulaski. Capital, Newbern.' Population, 5,118, of 
whom 3,647 were free and 1,471 slaves. 

PuNGOTEAGUE, a post village of Accomack county, Virginia, 12 
miles S. W. from Accomack Court House. It has two churches 
and a mill. 

Putnam, a county in the West part of Virginia, touching the 
Ohio river, contains 350 square miles. It is intersected by the 
Great Kanawha river, navigable by steamboats. Indian corn, oats 
and butter are the staples. In 1850 the county produced 249,040 
bushels of corn, 50,079 of oats and 59,862 pounds of butter. There 
were six grist mills, eight saw mills and 11 cooper shops. It con- 
tained 13 churches, 65 pupils attending public schools and 80 at- 
tending other schools. The hills contain immense beds of iron ore 
and bituminous coal. It was organized in 1848, including parts of 
Macon and Kanawha counties. Capital, Winfield. Population, 
5,335, of whom 4,703 were free and 632 slaves. 

QuiLLiNsviLLE, a post village in Scott county, Virginia, 320 
miles West by North from Richmond. 

Racoon, a post office of Preston county, Virginia. 



352 



WHEELING BUSINESS BIRECTORY. 




This Magnificent Hotel, (the pride of Wheeling,) was built by the M'Lure House 
Company in 1851, and opened up January, 1853, simultaneously with the opening of 
the B. &. O. R. R., at a cost of about $180,000, and furbished at a cost of $36,000, 
contains 150 finely ventilatea rooms of capacious size, and is supplied with 

Em, mm ^ smowiis mAwm, 

On different Floors, for the accommodation of Ladies and Gentlemen, and is kept 
in a style not surpassed by any House in the Union. 

This House is most fortunately not situated on the River bank, and is therefore 
free from all the annoyances of wharf business, but is situated on the 

Corner of Market and Monroe Streets, 

In the most fashionable and business part of our thriving City ard 

Within three Minutes' Walk of the B. & O. R. R., C. O. R. R. 
and Steamboat Landing. 

The Post Office and Court house are on the same square. Express and Stage 
Offices in the Basement. 

All the appliances and attentions which have so eminently contributed to the com- 
fort of the traveling community, and the boarders of the M'LURE HOUSE, will 
be continued with undeviating exactness, and at the unprecedented price of 



And as the Proprietor is well acquainted with the wants of the traveling public, he 
is confident that he can meet their wishes in every particular. 

This spacious Hotel contains thirty rooms more than the Eutaw House in Balti- 
more, and is more commodious than the Girard House of Philadelphia, and more 
than doubly as commodious as any Hotel in Wheeling. 

OMNIBUSES and PORTERS always in attendance to convey passengers and 
baggage to and from this Hotel. 



"WATSON CARR, Proprietor. 



RE GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 353 

Racoon Ford, a post village of Culpepper county, Virginia, on 
the Rfipidan river, 90 miles N. N. W. from Richmond, contains sev- , 
eral mills. 

Raleigh Court House, Virginia. See Beckley. 

Randolph, a county in the North part of Virginia, bordering on 
Maryland, is about 80 miles in length, and 35 miles wide : area, 
about 2,800 square miles. It is drained by the head streams of the 
Buchanan, Cheat and Tygart's Valley rivers, branches of the Monon- 
gahela; it is traversed in the S. W. part by Elk river. Indian corn, 
wheat, oats, hay, butter and wool are the staples. In 1850 this county 
produced 87,468 bushels of corn, 11,740 of wheat, 44,789 of oats, 
6,480 tons of hay and 56,339 pounds of butter. It contained 10 
churches and 380 pupils attending public schools. Stone coal, iron, 
limestone, sandstone and slate are abundant. Salt is procured from 
some of its springs. Named in honor of John Randolph, of Roan- 
oke. Capital, Beverly. Population, 5,243 ; of whom 5,042 were 
free and 201 slaves. 

Rapidan river, of Virginia, rises on the S. E. base of the Blue 
Ridge. Flowing Southward and then Eastward, it forms the boun- 
dary between Green and Orange counties on the right and Madison 
and Culpepper on the left, and unites with the Rappahannock about 
10 miles above Fredericksburg. Its length is estimated at 80 miles. 

Rapid Ann, a post village of Madison county, Virginia, 102 miles 
N. W. from Richmond. It contains three churches and several 
stores. 

Rappahannock, a river in the East part of Virginia, is formed at 
the eastern extremity of Culpepper county, by the confluence of 
North and Rapidan rivers. Flowing in a south-easterly course, it 
falls over the primitive ledge, and meets the ocean tides at Freder- 
icksburg, where it affords extensive water power. It now becomes 
a navigable stream, and after forming the boundary between several 
counties on each hand, enters the Chesapeake bay between Wind- 
mill and Stingray points. 

Ravens wood, a thriving post village of Jackson county, Virginia, 
on the Ohio river, at the mouth of Sand creek, 15 miles N. W. from 
Ripley. Population 200. 

Rectortown, a post village of Fauquier county, Virginia, 130 
miles North by West from Richmond. 

Red Sulphur Springs, a post village of Monroe county, Vir- 
ginia, on Indian creek, 240 miles West from Richmond, and 38 

45 



354 



WHEELING BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



GEO. W. SMITH, 

file ifflfif II Ml ill Hill 




JOHN L. HARGRBAVES, 

(SUCCESSOR TO J. CAMM,) 

puii im mciRiTin nm m si&i nmm 

^^mm% mmmv mmm% 

PAPER HANGER, &c. 
No. 205 Main street, Wheeling, Va. 

IMITATOR OF WOODS AND MARBLES, DAMASKS, TAPESTRIES, MOROCCOS, &c. 

Ceiling and Wall Painting, in Oil, Turpentine, Size, and Composition Colors, in 
every style of interior decoration. Specimens may be seen by calling at the store. 

^^* Parlor White done in a Superior Style. "'^. 

GEORGE EGBERTS, 

MANUFACTURER AND DEALER IN 
Keeps constantly on hand and for sale all sizes of 

BLINDS AND SLATS. 

Blinds Repaired and Trimmed equal to New, 

Call and see Specimens at 
(NEAR THE BRIDGE,) 

SI H IS 2. 2 1 ® o 



Old 



iiaB i8Mii»i aera 



ISAAC J. SELIGMAN, 

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALER, 



RI GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 356 

miles S. W. from White Sulphur Springs. It is situated in a small 
valley among the Alleghany mountains, and is a place of fashionable 
resort, having been improved by the erection of expensive buildings. 
The temperature of the water is 54° 

Red Sweet Springs, a post office of Alleghany county, Virginia. 

Reedy Island River, in the S. S. W. part of Virginia, rises in 
the Blue Ridge, flows north-westward through Carroll county, and 
enters the New river. Length about 70 miles ; greatest width, 125 
yards. It furnishes immense water-power. 

Reedy Ripple, a post office of Wirt county, Virginia. 

Rehoboth, a post village in Lunenburg county, Virginia, 85 
miles S. W. from Richmond. 

Riceville, a thriving post village of Pittsylvania county, Vir- 
ginia, on Banister river, about 150 miles S. W. from Richmond. It 
has two stores. 

Richardsville, a post village of Culpepper county, Virginia, 95 
miles N. N. W. from Richmond. 

Richmond, a county in the East part of Virginia, has an area of 
140 square miles, and a length of 30 miles. The Rappahannock 
river forms its entire boundary on the S. W. The surface is nearly 
level. The soil has lately been improved by the use of guano. In- 
dian corn, wheat, potatoes and cotton are cultivated. Firewood is 
one of the chief articles of export, and large numbers of the inhab- 
itants find lucrative employment in the oyster business. In 1850 
this county produced 185,800 bushels of corn, 42,404 of wheat, 
7,178 of sweet potatoes, 26,390 pounds of butter and 6,458 of wool. 
There were two coach manufactories and 1 saw mill. It contained 
nine churches and 220 pupils attending public schools. Organized 
in 1692. Capital, Warsaw. Population, 6448, of whom 4,171 were 
free and 2,277 slaves. 

Richmond, p. city, port of entry, and cap. Henrico county, and 
capital of the State of Virginia ; is situated on the N. E. bank of 
James river, at the lower falls at the head of tide water. Lat. (Cap- 
itol) 37° 32' 17" N.; long, from Greenwich 77° 27' 28" W., and 
from Washington 00° 25' 58" W. Distance by the most direct 
Railroad from Washington, 130 miles; from Baltimore, 168 miles; 
from Philadelphia, 266 ; from New York, 344 miles ; from Boston, 
580 miles; from Raleigh, 174 miles; from Wilmington, 248 miles. 
The situation of Richmond is highly picturesque. The city is di- 
vided into two unequal parts by a valley, through which passes the 



356 WHEELING BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 

A. D. EICE. C. SWAKTZ. 

RICE & SWARTZ, 

MANUFACTUKERS OF 

TliiSIIII ill iLIA\illl, 

LEAPING AND MOWING MACHINES, 

nSartin's Ferry, Belmont County, 

WHEELING STEEL WORKS, 
STANTON, BELL, GOW & CO. 

PLOUGH STEEL, STEEL WINGS, 8cC. 



Pm^S (sM (?s 



S. M'CLALLEN. S. M'CLALLEN, Jr. C. D. KNOX. 

^ M'CLALLENS & KNOX, f%^ 

\7HOLESALE DEALERS IN 



9 

ALS O, 

WOOL ^ PALM HATS, 

No. 113 MAIN STBSET, 

1 11 nsf ©» 



JOHM L. NEWBY, 

ATTORNEY & COUNSELLOR AT LAW, 

^W 3E2: E5 E! Xj X PO" CBS- - 



RI GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA 357 

Shockoe creek to enter James river. It is chiefly built upon the hills 
and more elevated grounds on either side of this depression, which 
have a beautiful variety of surface, and afford in many parts highly 
picturesque situations for dwellings and for public edifices. Splen- 
did views of the city and surrounding county are presented from 
different points, each varying the scene. The soil is red clay. The 
river flows over a bed of granite, of which there are inexhaustible 
quarries on its banks, extensively used for building and other pur- 
poses. The city is regularly laid out with streets crossing at right 
angles. Its entire area embraces about 3^ square miles, of which 
the built portion is about 3 miles long, andf mile wide. The dwell- 
ing houses are generally neat and convenient, of brick and wood. 
Many private residences are very elegant and costly. The capitol 
occupies a very commanding situation on an elevated plain called 
Shockoe hill, in the Western division of the city. It stands in 
Capitol Square, a beautiful public ground containing about 8 acres, 
ornamented with trees, grass plats, walks, etc. It is a spacious and 
elegant building, surrounded on three sides by a lofty and imposing 
portico, in the Ionic order. It contains a statue of Washington, the 
only one ever taken from life, executed by Houdon, a celebrated 
French artist, and erected in 1788 ; a bust of Lafayette, etc. The 
City Hall, on Broad street, fronting Capitol Square, is an elegant 
edifice of Grecian architecture, with a portico at each end of four 
Doric columns. The Governor's House is at the east end of the 
square. The County Court-house is about one mile from the capi- 
tol. The State Penitentiary, in the Western suburbs, is 300 feet 
long and 110 broad, in the form of a hollow square, surrounded by 
extensive grounds. The Alms-house, a spacious building, is in the 
Northern suburbs. The Armory is a large edifice 320 feet long by 
280 wide. The Female Orphan Asylum is supported partly by the 
corporation and partly by private munificence. There are about 25 
churches, many of which are very handsome edifices. The Monu- 
mental Episcopal church stands upon the site of the Richmond The- 
atre, which was destroyed by fire, Dec. 26th, 1811, and whereby 66 
white and 6 colored persons lost their lives. The congregation of 
the African church is one of the largest in the Union. 

The Medical Department of Hampden Sidney College, founded 
1838, in 1850 had 7 professors, 90 students, and 40 graduates. The 
Virginia Historical and Philosophical Society was founded in 1831. 
St. Vincent's and Richmond colleges, near the city, are flourishing 



GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 



359 




academies. The Richmond Female Institute is also a new and 
prosperous College. — the above is a view of this beautiful establish- 
ment. Among the numerous periodicals of Richmond, the follow- 
ing are celebrated for the ability and talent of their conductors viz : 
"Richmond Enquirer," " Richmond Whig," "Examiner," "Dis- 
patch," "Post," "Literary Messenger." "Watchman and Ob- 
server," " Religious Herald." 

The city government is vested in the Mayor, recorder, aldermen, 
and city council. The city is lighted with gas, and generally well 
paved ; the markets are well supplied. The public water w^orks 
were commenced in 1830, and cost about $120,000. By two forc- 
ing pumps, worked by water power, 800,000 gallons of water in 24 
hours are lifted from James river, into three reservoirs, containing 
each 1,000,000 gallons, thence distributed over the city in pipes. 

The principal manufactures are of tobacco, flour, iron, cotton, 
and woolens. Water power of unlimited extent is furnished by 
James river, which, within a few miles of the city descends eighty 
feet. Of tobacco there are 35 to 40 factories, among the most ex- 
tensive is that of William H. Grant, (a view of the Banner factory 
we present on the opposite page,) and ten or twelve stemmeries, to- 
gether employing about 2,500 blacks and manufacturing 12 to 15,- 
000 hogsheads annually. Besides smaller mills, here are two of the 
most extensive flouring mills in the world, " Gallego" and "Hax- 



360 



WHEELING BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



THEAKER, MITCHELL & CO. 

MANUFACTURERS OF ALL KINDS OF 

STEAM ENdlNES, BOILERS, &c. 

ALSO, EVERT DESCRIPTION OF 

mXXjXj 3k^ -A. O 11 I KT E3 H. -S" > 
RAIL ROAD CARS & R. R. MACHINERY GEI^ERALLY, 

On the most Approved Plans, and at Reduced Prices, 
BRIDGEPORT, BELMONT COUNTY, 




INGRAM & KNODE, 

Cor. IVIarket & Monroe Streets, 

Coffee, Tea, Ham, Eggs, Beef Steak, Ciame in season. 



LS 



'^ 



JAMES CALDWELL, Proprietor. 



G-EO. 



VARNBY, 



MANUFACTURER OF 



9\ 

Keeps constantly on hand a good supply of Roofing Paper, and Composition, for 
which he can fill orders at the shortest notice. Also, manufacturer of 

WAGONS, CARTS, DRAYS, &c. 

Corner of Market and 1st Streets, 



RI GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 361 

all," each running twenty or more pairs of stones, capable of pro- 
ducing 800 to 900 barrels of flour daily. There are three iron roll- 
ing mills, foundries of cannon, etc., and an extensive nail factory 
on Belle isle, producing 75,000 pounds of nails weekly. Four cot- 
ton mills work up nearly 3,000,000 pounds of cotton per annum, 
and a woolen mill 600,000 pounds of wool annually. Besides these, 
are large machine shops, a paper mill, etc. 

There are three banks, having an aggregate capital of $2,143,000 
three insurance companies, and three savings banks. 

Four lines of railroad here connect, viz : Richmond, Frederick, 
and Potomac R. R., commencing at Aquia creek on the Potomac, 
75 miles long ; Richmond and Petersburg R. R,, 22 miles long ; the 
Central R. R. to Covington, and Danville R. R. completed to Keese- 
ville, 73 miles. The James River Canal, completed in 1835 to Lynch- 
burg, 146 miles, and in 1S52 to Balcony Falls, is the principal chan- 
nel of trade with the interior. 

The following statement exhibits the amount of tonnage, and its 
estimated value, imported into Richmond on the James River and 
Kanawha Canal,Muring each of the 5 years, 1848-52, with its freight 
and tolls : 



Year ending 


No. of Tons. 


Estimated value. 


Freights and tolls. 


Oct. 31. 








1848 


125,054 


$4,230,532 18 


$192,750 88 


1849 


140,696 


5,435,046 66 


247,801 08 


1850 


137,589 


0,123,865 49 


213,741 47 


1851 


140,924 


5,133,853 G2 


184,839 88 


1852 


153,377 


7,145,837 43 


220,947 84 



Total (1848-52) • 697,640 $28,069,135 38 $1,060,140 65 

The following table exhibits the amount of tonnage, with its value 
and freightage, imported into Richmond, on the Richmond and Pe- 
tersburg R. R., during each of the five years 1848-52. 



rear ending- 


Tonnage. 


Estimated value. 


Freight. 


Sept. 30. 








1848 


20,301 


$632,657 99 


$18,361 62 


1849 


19,539 


695,742 40 


18,159 71 


1850 


22,861 


1,377,665 45 


21,560 83 


1851 


19,533 


886,412 40 


18,314 12 


1852 


27,932 


1,262,248 85 


24,752 89 



Total (1848-52) 110,166 $4,854,627 09 $101,149 18 

The following table exhibits the amount of tonnage, with its es- 
timated value, and the freights and tolls on the same, imported into 
Richmond during 1852, by the various works of internal improve- 
ment leading into the city : 

46 - - 



362 WHEELING BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 

GUSHING & OSBUN, 

MANUFACTURERS OF 



AND 



Cuintmtltb Citrriap ©ilClotlj, 

BOMMET AND BINDERS' BOARDS, 

•\7^ n E3 :ns X-, z rg- cs- , 

JOUN BATHA. DAVID BATHA. 

MAJrUPACTUliEUS OF 

TM AWB ^MEEIT MOM WAIE, 

WHOLESAIiK AND RETAIL. ALSO, DEALERS IN 

Japanned & House Furnishing Hardware. 



J. TUHTO 

10110^ lign, ml (Drimjnentfll 



9 



fCF" Signs, Banners and Flags, transparent, plain and fancy; Graining, &c., ex- 
ecuted with neatness and dispatch. 




WATCHES, clocks'! JEWELRY, 

No. 157 Main Street, 

■^S^S' IS2 Sa JIS 53a 33 KST C^ o 

AH kinds of Watches, Clocks and Jewelry, carefully repaired a«d warranted. 



Rl 



GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 



363 



No. of Tons. 


Estimated value. 


Freights and tolls 


153,377 


17,145,837 43 


$220,947 84 


4,807 


285,000 00 


19,252 03 


27,932 


1,262,248 85 


24,752 89 


53,421 


967,336 00 


37,919 45 


17,4.50 


1,000,000 00 


55,989 20 


256,987 


$10,660,422 28 


$358,861 41 



Names of Companies. 

James Elver, and \ 

Kanawha co. j 

E., Fredericksburg, \ 

and Potomac E. E. J 

Eichmond and Pe- ) 

tersburg E. E. J 

KicbmoiidandDan- > 

villeE E. j 

Virginia Central E. E. 



The foreign export trade is chiefly in tobacfo to all parts of Eu- 
rope, flour and grain occasionally, and in flour to Brazil. The im- 
port trade direct from Europe, or other countries, is now inconsider- 
able, having gradually diminished with the increased facilities of 
New York, by her regular packets and steamers to Europe. The 
channel of the river is winding, which, with the distance from the 
ocean, is a considerable impediment to navigation. Vessels draw- 
ing more than 10 or 11 feet water are prevented from coming up to 
the city by the bar, 7 miles below it, and such load at City Point, 
Bermuda Hundred, or Port Walthall. On June 30, 1850, the total 
tonnage of Richmond district was 8,458 tons. The registered ton- 
nage was 3,161 tons, of which 1,588 tons were permanent and 1,573 
tons temporary. The enrolled and licensed tonnage was 5,297 tons, 
consisting of 4,276 tons permanent, and 1,021 tons temporary, all 
of which were imployed in the coasting trade. During the year 
previous, the number of clearances for foreign countries was 69 — 
24,321 tons; number of entrances do., 8 — 1,811 tons. Vessels 
built during the year, 8 (1 ship, 7 schooners) — 1,479 tons. 

The inspections of tobacco for several years are as follows : 
Years. Hhds. Years. Ilhds. Years. Ilhds. Years. Ilhds. 



1841 18,207 

1842 23,129 

1843 22,829 



1844 19,147 

1845 21,902 

1846 19,572 



1847 19,993 

1848 15,733 

1849- 18,803 



1850 17,986 

1851 15,678 

1852 24,119 



In addition to which, from 10 to 16,000 hogsheads are here re- 
ceived from other inspections in the interior. 

The following exhibits the inspections of flour of late years : 
Years. Bbls. Years. Bbls. Years. Bbls. 

184G, 289,000 I 1848, 180,000 | 1850, 330.420 

1847, 159,100 I 1849, 276,900 | 1851, — 

To which should be added 20 to 25 per cent, of inspections at 
Scottsville and Lynchburg, and brought to the Richmond market. 
The quantity of flour exported to Brazil for the year ending Sep- 



364 



WHEELING BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



A. T. GARDE 



DEALER IN ALL KINDS OF 



wmmi, taaiMr u 



% 



s 



HOE FINDINGS, &c. 



CASH PAID FOR HIDE^S AND LEATHER IIV THE ROUGH. 



DEALER IN 



EH, 



CLOCKS, WATCHES 

JEWELRY, &c. 

Tio. 178 MAIM STREET, 

W [Kl [E 1 L I IM © = 

Particular attention paid to repairing CLOCKS, WATCHES, &c 





IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN 

TABLE CUTIERY, BRITAXNIA m SILVER PLATED WARE, 

Hall and Suspending Parlor Lamps, Lamp Wick, Tea Trays 
and House Furnishing Goods. 

PLAIN, PRESSED AND CUT FLINT GLASSWARE, 

FROM THE MANUFACTORY OF HOBBS, BARNES & Co. 
INTO. S3 3MCOKrH.OE3 ^ T lEt E3 US "2? , 

WM. J. ARMSTRONG, 









139 Market St., betT^v'een Monroe & Union, 



RI GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 365 

tember, 30, 1848, was 74,425 barrels ; 1849, 128,880 bbls. ; 1850, 
65,280 bbls. ; 1851, 98,245 bbls. ; 1852, 58,950. A considerable 
quantity of flour, destined for South America, is sent coastwise for 
re-shipment from New York, Baltimore, &c. The amount of other 
foreign shipments of flour in 1851, was 15,646 bbls., and increased 
in 1852 to 18,122 barrels. 

The coal trade is considerable, and steadily increasing. The best 
bituminous coal is mined from 8 to 20 miles above the city, and 
iron ore abounds in the country beyond. Regular lines of steam 
packets run to Norfolk, Baltimore and New York. 

The population has increased within the last ten or fifteen years 
more rapidly than at any previous period. Of the present popula- 
tion, about two-fifths are black. Population in 1800, 5,537 ; in 
1810, 9,785; in 1820, 12,067; in 1830, 16,060; in 1840, 20,153; 
in 1850, 27,570 ; in 1854, including suburbs, about 45,000. The 
exceedingly healthy location of the city gives it a very low annual 
rate of mortality. The cemeteries are noted for their beauty and 
their monuments. 

The site of Richmond was first visited by white men in 1609 ; 
the town was founded in 1742, and made the capital of the State in 
1780. In 1787 it contained about 300 houses. In 1794 the canal 
around the falls was completed, which has added so much to its 
commercial advantages. In 1811, December 26th, occurred the fire 
by which seventy-two persons lost their lives in the destruction of 
the Richmond Theatre, among whom was the then governor of the 
State. 

Directly opposite to Richmond are its suburbs of Manchester and 
Spring Hill, which are connected with the city by three bridges. 

Ripley, a village, capital of Jackson county, Virginia, on Mill 
creek, 350 miles VV. N. W. from Richmond. Population, about 
200. 

Ritchie, a county in the N. W. part of Virginia, has an area of 
480 square miles. It is traversed by Hughes river and its North fork. 
The surface is hilly and broken, and mostly covered with forests. 
Indian corn, oats, hay, butter and livestock are the staples. In 1850 
it produced 101,884 bushels of corn, 24,336 of oats, 2,503 tons of 
hay and 41,978 pounds of butter. There were two sawmills, 1 
grist mill, one wool-carding mill and one tannery. It contained five 
churches, and 376 pupils attending public schools. The county is 
traversed by the north-western turnpike, and by the Parkersburg 



366 



WHEELING BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 




G. A. FROBE, 



]7IAI^UFACTUKER, 

No, 103 Market street, 

WHEELINa. 



C. ELIAS STIFEL, 

MANUFACTUEErw OP 

fiji km iiEiT ijiii fill, 

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL, 

ALSO IMPORTER OP 

^ .^u^^ j^t^t^:h2t:^ ^^t^ j^ ieil E! , 

AND DEALER IN 

HOUSE FURHiSWSG HAKeWABE, 

No. 183 MAIN STREET, 

w as s s a a sr <s =. 



JAMES ME LL OR, 

\mm GOODS MMlfsiiAL INSTRUMENTS. 

_<ai_ ^Si- :WEZ T<^kT "I^C ZBET" acb jsi^k. 

H 1 K E R 1 N G ' S ^^^^ ^^ MARTIX'S^ fil'lTARS 

PIANO l^^^^^^^^fl PRINCE'S 

FilflEJ 1 'I 'iMelodeons. 

JOHN KNOTE, 

AND DEALER IN 

IMPORTED & DOMESTIC 

5 




^^M fanuss ^ €m^ irimmings, 



Tacks, Webs, Hog, Sheep and Morocco Skins ; Patent and Enameled 
Leather, Hames, Saddletrees, &c. 

Old Stand, 153 Main street^ 

yjST" iss: £3 ie: Xj X i^r Gr . 



RO GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 367 

branch of the Baltimore and Ohio railroad. Formed in 1843, and 
named in honor of Thomas Ritchie, Esq., editor of the Richmond 
Enquirer. Capital, Harrisville. Population 3,902, of whom 3,886 
were free and 16 slaves. 

Ritchie Court House, Virginia. See Harrisville. 

RiTCHiEViLLE, a post village of Dinwiddie county, Virginia, 41 
miles south from Richmond. 

RiVANNA, a small river in the East central part of Virginia, rises 
at the foot of Blue Ridge, in Albemarle county, flows south-east- 
ward through Fluvanna county, and enters the James river at Co- 
lumbia. By means of dams and locks it is navigable to the South- 
west mountain in Albemarle county, a distance of above 30 miles. 

RiVESviLLE, a post-village of Marion county, Virginia, 282 miles 
N. W. from Richmond. 

RiXEYViLLE, a small post village of Culpepper county, Virginia, 
100 miles N. N. W. from Richmond. 

Roanoke, a river of Virginia and North Carolina, is formed by 
two principal branches, the Staunton and Dan, which rise in the 
southern part of Virginia, and unite at Clarksville, in Mecklenburg 
county, constituting the lower Roanoke. Flowing in an E. S. E. 
direction, it enters North Carolina and meets the tide water at Wel- 
don, after passing over a series of rapids. Below this point, its gen- 
eral course is south-east, and it enters the western extremity of Al- 
bemarle sound at the mouth of Chowan river. It is a remarkably 
rapid stream, the fertile bottoms of which are subject to frequent in- 
undations. The length of the main stream is estimated at 250 miles; 
but if we include the Staunton, which by some geographers is re- 
garded as the Roanoke proper, it will probably exceed 450 miles. 
The lower falls of this river at Weldon, which form the limit of 
steamboat navigation, are about 150 miles from its mouth. By 
means of a canal around these falls, batteaux can ascend to Danville, 
on the Dan river. 

Roanoke, a county in the S. S. W. part of Virginia, has an area 
of 180 square miles. It is intersected by the Staunton river. The 
county forms part of the great valley of Virginia, situated between 
the Blue Ridge on the S. E. and another ridge of the AUeghanies on 
the N. W. The soil is highly productive- Indian corn, wheat, 
hemp and tobacco are the staples. In 1850 there were raised 235,- 
760 bushels of corn, 104,134 of wheat, 103,643 of oats, and 362,682 
pounds of tobacco. There were two flour mills, one tin- ware man- 



368 



WHEELING BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



ill amii Mi 




AT THE OLD POST OFFICE. 



WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALER IN 



BOOTS. SHOES. DATS, CAPS. lllJltEiyS m CARPET SACKS 



^! 



At the corner of Market and Monroe streets, 

OPPOSITE THE M'LUKE HOUSE, 

■\7«r zs: £: :e: Xj X 3>J' c;- , 

Offers superior inducements to the trade, and respectfully solicits patronage. 



MANUFACTUREli OF 



fimiij ciffi. f iMis, fiKi reus m si 

WITH WOOD AND IRON AXLES, 



All orders will be attended to promptly, and the work warranted to be 
of Superior quality. 



MANUFACTURER OF ALL KINDS OF 



ESiliEiT 




^> D 



31E!^ ^C9 33ES. 



No. S7 MAHMET §TREET, 
W E IS Hi IL n 3Ff (i . 

MANCTFACTUEEK OF ALL KIKDS OF 

mu km CAillT PURNITOi, 

No. 1G6 MARKET STREET, 

•s2sy J^rj 5:^ ssa lla 52 3K2r C^- o 
§J=- Good work, at the lowest prices, is his Motto. 



RO GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 369 

ufactory and one tannery. It contained 12 churches, 185 pupils at- 
tending public schools and 137 attending other schools. The rock 
which underlies the surface is a fine limestone. The Virginia and 
Tennessee railroad (unfinished) passes through the county, and a 
turnpike connects it with the James River canal. Formed in 1838. 
Capital, Salem. Population, 8,477, — 5,967 free, and 2,510 slaves. 

Roanoke Bridge, a post village of Charlotte county, Virginia, 
89 miles S. W. from Richmond. 

Robinson's River, a small stream in the N. E. central part of 
Virginia, rises in Madison county, flows south-eastward, and enters 
Rapidan river on the boundary between that county and Orange. 

Rockbridge, a county in the central part of Virginia, has an area 
of about 780 square miles. It is intersected by North river, which 
flows into James river, near the Southern extremity of the county, 
at the foot of the Blue Ridge. The county forms part of the great 
valley of Virginia, which is bounded on the S. E. by the Blue Ridge. 
The soil has a basis of fine limestone, and is highly productive. 
Grain and grass are the staples. In 1850 there were raised 372,705 
bushels of Indian corn, 198,553 of wheat, 162,752 of oats and 7,626 
tons of hay. There were three grist and saw mills, 13 flouring 
mills, four iron furnaces, three iron forges and one iron foundry ; 
18 churches, 239 pupils attending public schools and 314 attending 
academies and other schools. The James River canal passes through 
the Southern part of the county. Formed in 1778, and named from 
the natural bridge of rock^ a description of which will be found under 
the head of Virginia. Population, 16,045, of whom 11,848 were 
free and 4,197 slaves. 

Rockingham, a county in the N. E. central part of Virginia, has 
an area of 900 square miles. It is intersected in the S. E. part by 
the Shenandoah river proper, and also drained by the North fork of 
that river, and by Dry and North rivers, which rise within its limits. 
The county occupies part of the Great Valley, which is bounded on 
the S. E. by the Blue Ridge, and on the N. W. by the North 
mountain; the soil is generally very fertile. Wheat, Indian corn, 
oats, hay, cattle and butter are the staples. According to the cen- 
sus of 1850 this county produced more wheat and more hay than 
any other county in the State. In 1850 there were raised 608,350 
bushels of wheat, 448,585 of corn, 164,976 of oats, 16,067 tons of 
hay, and 254,834 pounds of butter. It contained 41 flour mills, 22 
saw mills, one iron furnace, one iron forge, four wool-carding mills, 

47 



370 



WHEELING BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 




DEALER IN 



TKUNKS, CARPET BAGS, VALISES, &c. 

No. 123 Main street, between Monroe and Union, 



E. VARHBY, 

MANUFACTUPvEE OF 

COPPER, TIN AND ilT IRON WARE, 

DEALER IN 

No. 8 Main street, opposite Baltimore & Ohio R. R. Depot, 



LUMPP 



MANUFACTURER OF 




SADDLES AND HARNESS, TRUNKS, BRIDLES, 

COLLARS, SADDLE AND CARPET BAGS, &c. 

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL, 

No. 231 MARKET, NEAR MADISON STREET, 

a3cvfcrtigcr licit 

5lp[fent, ^dftcvn, ©attel^ itnb 3^eifet(ifd)ett u. [. w, 

5(10,23 1 s:iiav f ct''® tv., nat;e bcr 5)?ab t f oii ;® t r., 

gSI^ccHttfi, aSa. 

A. GRAHAM' S 

DYEIMG ESTABLISHMEMT, 

No. 301 MARKET SQUARE, 

-SJV I3C 3ES 3E3 Ij I ISr O . 

.^^All. Goods Dyed and Cleaned with neatness and dispatch. 



RO GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA 371 

and 16 tanneries ; 30 churches, and 1,970 pupils attending public 
schools. A quarry of marble has been opened near the county seat, 
and limestone is abundant. The North river furnishes extensive 
water-power. Organized in 1788. Capital, Harrisonburg. Pop- 
ulation, 20,294, of whom 17,963 were free and 2,331 slaves. 

Rocky Mount, a post village, capital of Franklin county, Vir- 
ginia, about 180 miles West by South from Richmond. It has sev- 
eral stores and an extensive iron furnace in the vicinity. Popula- 
tion, about 300. 

Rocky Point, a thriving village of Monroe county, Virginia, 240 
miles West from Richmond. 

RoGERSviLLE, a post officc of Halifax county, Virginia. 

RoMNEY, a post-village, capital of Hampshire county, Virginia, 
on the S. branch of the Potomac, 190 miles N. W. from Richmond, 
contains one bank. 

Rose Hill, a post-office of Lee county, Virginia, near 400 miles 
W. S. W. from Richmond. 

Rough Creek, a post-village of Charlotte county, Virginia, 105 
miles S. W. from Richmond. 

RowLESBURG, a village and station of Preston county, Virginia, 
is finely situated on the Cheat river, where it is crossed by the Bal- 
timore and Ohio Railroad, 126 miles from Wheelin<r. The river is 
navigable 40 miles above this village, and it also affords abundant 
water-power. 

Russell, a county in the S. W. part of Virginia, bordering on 
Kentucky, has an area of 1225 square miles. It is intersected by 
Clinch river, and also drained by the sources of the West fork of 
Sandy river. Guest's river forms part of the S. W. boundary. The 
Cumberland mountain forms its boundary on the N. W., and Clinch 
mountain extends along the S. E. border. A large portion of the 
county is mountainous and sterile, but the valleys contain some 
good land. Indian corn, oats and butter are the staples. In 1850 
this county produced 378,919 bushels of corn ; 154,305 of oats, 
and 162,478 pounds of butter. There were 2 flour, grist and saw 
mills, 5 tanneries, and 1 w^ool-carding mill. It contained 14 
churches, 517 pupils attending public schools, and SO attending 
other schools. Iron ore, stone coal and marble are found. Large 
quantities of maple sugar are made in the county. Named in honor 
of General William Russell, one of its principal citizens. Capital, 
Lebanon. Population 11,919,-10,937 free, and 982 slaves. 



372 



WHEELING BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



JOHN mOORE & CO 



MANUFACTURERS OF ALL KINDS OP 



STUM IMIIIS. ilWS. SlimiUIU KHIIK, 

HEAVY AND LIGHT CASTINGS, 

All of the newest patterns and most approved styles, and at low prices. 






DAVID MAASS 



IS 



53eft^er einer 



F. J. ROTHACKER, 

MANUFACTURER OF 



MARKET STREET BREWE 

FREDERICK YAHRLING, 



m w Kv> 



^ 






Corner of Main and Washington streetsj 



SC GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 373 

Sago, a post-office of Lewis county, Virginia. 

Salem, a post village of Fauquier county, Virginia, 114 miles 
N. N. W. from Richmond. The situation is high and pleasant. 
The village contains one church, an academy and several stores. 
The post-office is called Salem Fauquier. 

Salem, a neat post-village, capital of Roanoke county, Virginia, 
is situated on the Roanoke river, and on the Virginia and Tennessee 
railroad, 180 miles W. from Richmond. It stands in the great val- 
ley between the Blue Ridge and North mountain. It contains one 
bank, three churches and several mills. 

Salt Sulphur Springs, a village of Monroe county, Virginia, 
230 miles W. from Richmond, and 25 miles S. W. from the White 
Sulphur Springs. It is surrounded by beautiful mountain scenery, 
and is frequented by a large number of invalids and others. The 
water contains various salts of soda, magnesia and lime. 

Saltville, a post-village of Washington county, Virginia, on 
the N. fork of the Holston river, about 20 miles N. E. from Abing- 
don. It has two extensive salt-works. 

Sandy Bottom, a post-office of Middlesex county, Virginia. 

Sandy Creek, in the S. part of Virginia, enters Banister river 
from the right hand, near Meadsville, in Halifax county. 

Sangster's Station, a post-office of Fairfax county, Virginia. 

Scott, a county situated in the S. W. part of Virginia, and bor- 
dering on Tennessee, containing 620 square miles. Is is drained 
by Clinch river and by the N. fork of Holston river. The surface 
is traversed by several parallel mountain ridges, one of which is 
called the Clinch mountain. The soil is mostly fertile and adapted 
to grazing. Wheat, Indian corn, and other kinds of grain also 
flourish. In 1850 this county produced 319,240 bushels of corn ; 
15,722 of wheat; 106,342 of oats, and 74,086 pounds of butter. 
There were 20 flour and grist mills, 7 wool-carding mills, and 
2 tanneries. It contained 20 churches, and 1,000 pupils attend- 
ing public schools. Bituminous coal and iron ore are abundant. 
About three miles from Clinch river is one of the most remarkable 
natural objects of the State, known as the " Natural Tunnel." An 
affluent of the Clinch river, after flowing through a deep ravine in- 
closed by stupendous walls of stratified rocks, is confronted by a 
transverse ridge, about 300 feet in height, which has been perfor- 
ated at its base by an arched tunnel to admit the passage of the 
stream. The spectator, standing by the margin of the stream, sees 



374 



WHEELING BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



"W. & J. STEWART, 



MANUFACTURERS OP ALL KINDS OP 



STOra, GRITES, PLOl!CII IRONS, CASTINGS, &o. 

North East Corner of Market Square, (Bridge Corner,) 

W HI 11^ a^ SJ^ 
STEWARTS & CALDWEI.L, 



MANUFACTUREItS OP 



(GOFFEM, rai (i mmm: mm waim, 

UPPER END MARKET SQUARE, 

W[H] [EllLO [Nl@, 

H N H. 

MANUFACTURER OF 

SADDLES, n\MESS, BRIDIES 







BERGER ^ HOFFMANN, 

MANUFACTURERS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION OF 



AND DEALERS IN 



TAMHERS' Oil., W©©B, acc- 

Store Rooni, No. 170, corner Market Alley and Main street, 

Jg?* Shoe Findings of all kinds ou hand, and sold on moderate terms. 

S. F. BLACK, 



Office Hours, Wheeling, Va., . . . . 7 A. M. to 3 P. M. 
" " Martinsville, Belmont county, Ohio, 3 to 7 P. M. 



SII GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 375 

before him an enormous arch, rising 70 or 80 feet, surmounted by 
strata of limestone which measure more than 100 feet in a vertical 
direction, while the view on either side is bounded by gigantic 
ramparts of perpendicular rock. The county was formed in 1814, 
and named in honor of General Winfield Scott. Population, 9,829 ; 
of whom 9,356 were free, and 473 slaves. 

Second Creek, a post-office of Greenbrier county, Virginia. 

ScoTTSBURG, a Small post village of Halifax county, Virginia, 
119 miles S. W. from Richmond. 

ScoTTSviLLE, a thriving post village of Albemarle county, Vir- 
ginia, is situated on the left bank of James river, 79 miles W. from 
Richmond. The navigation of the James river canal renders it a 
place of active and extensive trade, and an important depot for 
produce. The village, which is built chiefly of brick, contains 3 
churches. Population in 1853, about 1200. 

ScoTTSviLLE, a post village, capital of Powhatan county, Vir- 
ginia, 32 miles W. from Richmond. 

Seven Islands, a post-office of Fluvanna county, Virginia. 

Sevenmile Ford, a post-office of Smyth county, Virginia. 

Seville, a post-office of Madison county, Virginia. 

Sewell Mountain, a post-office of Fayette county, Virginia. 

Shackelford's, a post-office of King and Queen county, Vir- 
ginia, 67 miles E. from Richmond. 

Shady Spring, a post-office of Raleigh county, Virginia. 

Shakelford's, a post-office of King and Queen county, Virginia. 

Shannondale Spring, Jefferson county, Virginia, on the Shen- 
andoah river, 5 miles from Charlestown, and 160 miles N. from 
Richmond. This beautiful and fashionable watering-place is more 
easily accessible from the Atlantic cities than any in Virginia. The 
water is impregnated with the salts of lime, magnesia and soda. 

Shannon Hill, a small post-village of Goochland county, Vir- 
ginia, 25 miles W. from Richmond. 

Sharon, a post-village in Wythe county, Virginia, 245 miles W. 
by S. from Richmond. 

Sharon viLLE, a post-office of King William cotmty, Virginia. 

Shawsville, a post-office of Montgomery county, Virginia. 

Sheetz's Mills, a post-office of Hampshire county, Virginia. 

Shenandoah River, of Virginia, the largest affluent of the Po- 
tomac, is usually described as formed by the North and South forks 
which unite near Front Royal in Warren county. The South fork, 



376 WHEELING BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 

BIIIBV, WOODWARD & CO. 

MANUPACTCREKS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION OF 

Cut Hails, Spikes, 8&o, 

wmmmmEmmm 



MANUFACTURER OF 



Hoyle's Improved Ealston's Patent 

THRASHING & GLEANING MACHINES, 

S :E3 £3 Z> X> JEI.'XJLmIj & 

Adapted to Wheat, Oats, Barley, &c. 

MICHIGAN DOUBLE PLOUGH, 

Either Cast or Steel, Power or Hand 
CJ TJ T T I 3Xr C31- JS O :S^:ESSiy 

Mimn PATEST iDEPEJiDENT DOBSE MKES. &o. 

Jin of which are ivarranted. 

All orders addressed to B. HOYLE, Martain's Ferry, Belmont County, 

<3X3:XO ^ 

WILL MEET WITH PROMPT ATTENTION. 



R. H. HUBBELL, 

AGRICULTURAL, HORTICULTURAL, AE MECHANICAL 

llWilllli & COimii HBICHIIIIT, 

AND AGENT FOR THE SALE OF ALL 

IMPLEMENTS^ TOOLS OR MANUFACTURES, 
GREEN HOUSE PLANTS, CRAPE PLANTS, WOOD & WILLOW WARE, 

ALSO AGENT FOR 

CORN & COB CRUSHERS, KETCHUM'S MOWER, 

WARDROP & GO'S DRAINING TILE NEW YORK REAPER, 

Super Pliospliate of liime. Improved Plouglis, Corn Shelters, Stra^v Cutters, 
Cliuriis, Harrows, Ox Yokes, &c. 

qO RNER MAIN AND QUINCT STREETS, 



SH GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 377 

or Shenandoah proper, rises in Augusta and Rockingham counties, 
by three branches, called North, Middle and South rivers, which 
unite at Port Republic in the county last named. It pursues a north- 
easterly course, nearly parallel with the Blue Ridge, which is only a 
few miles distant, and falls into the Potomac at Harper's Ferry, just 
above its passage through the mountain. The distance by the wind- 
ings of the river, from its mouth to Port Republic, is estimated at 
170 miles. This river flows through the great valley of Virginia, 
an excellent tract for the growth of grain. It affords an ample sup- 
ply of water-power at numerous points, and also extensive facilities 
for navigation. Small boats called gondolas ascend the main stream 
about 100 miles above Front Royal. 

Shenandoah, a county in the N. E. central part of Virginia, 
forming part of the great limestone valley which extends along the 
W. base of the Blue Ridge. The area is about 500 square miles. 
It is drained by the N. fork of the Shenandoah river, from which 
the name is derived. The surface is diversified by valleys and ridges. 
The soil is generally productive. Wheat, corn, oats, hay, butter 
and live stock are the staples. In 1850 the county produced 196,- 
338 bushels of wheat ; 167,025 of Indian corn ; 34,963 of oats • 
4,641 tons of hay, and 79,196 pounds of butter. There were 19 
flour mills, 3 saw mills, 1 wool-carding mill and 8 tanneries. It 
contained 10 churches, and 130 pupils attending public schools. 
The rocks which underlie the county are blue limestone, slate and 
sandstone. Iron ore is abundant, and affords an article of export ; 
lead and copper also are found. There were in 1852, 4 iron furna- 
ces and 4 forges in operation. A railroad extends from Strasburg in 
this county to Alexandria. Capital, Woodstock. Population, 
13,768, of whom 12,857 were free and 911 slaves. 

Shenandoah Iron "Works, a post-oflice of Page county, Va. 

Shepherd's Grove, a post-office of Culpepper county, Virginia. 

Shepherdstown, a post-town of Jefferson county, Virginia, on 
the Potomac river, near the Chesapeake and Ohio canal, 12 miles 
above Harper's Ferry. It is a place of considerable trade. A small 
stream which passes through the town affords motive-power for 
several flouring mills. Shepherdstown has 4 churches and 3 news- 
paper offices. Population estimated at 1,600. 

Shiloh, a post-office of King George county, Virginia. 

Shinnston, or Shinnstown, a post-village in Harrison county, 
Virginia, 225 miles N. W. from Richmond. 



48 



378 



WHEELING BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



Clt 



H. MV. PHILLIFS, 

a mm if™' 



MANUFACTURER OP 



Steam Engines & General Machinist, 

NORTH WHEELING, 

-A.:]BO-^S7-^3 -^KTSTuaLTESH. TT^TOH-^E^S. 



Mill EIngines, 
Steamboat E^iigines, 
Furnace Eugiiies, 
Rolling Slill Castings, 



Grist and Saw Mill Work, 
TUresliing MacUine Castings, 
Engine Boilers, 
Car wlieels and R. Road Axles complete. 



And all kinds of Machinery and Castings made to order on the most reasonable terms. 



^cjt^er cincr 
in (Sub^2BI)e cling, ^a. 



MANUFACTURER OF 



SADDLES, 

bla: 







OF ALL KINDS AND QUALITIES, 

Old Staiicl^ N©. 109 Mil 

W [Ml 1 IE L [^^ © . 

IWCAETUF AOTURER OP ALL HIITDS OP 

^ ^ S??? © ^^ ^ (S 

^ m tyf S) && ^S fe 



0*^ 
No. 98 MARKET STREET, 



9 



SECOND DOOR NORTH OF THE POST OFFICE 



SM GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 379 

Shirley, a post-office of Tyler county, Virginia. 

Shrewsbury, a post-office of Kanawha county, Virginia. 

Simpson's, a post-office of Floyd county, Virginia, 211 miles 
W. from Richmond. 

Simpson's Creek, a post-office of Taylor county, Virginia. 

Sinclair's Bottom, a post-office of Smyth county, Virginia. 

Sinking Creek, a post-office of Botetourt county, Virginia. 

Sir John's Run, a post-office of Morgan county, Virginia. 

Sissonville, a post-village in Kanawha county, Virginia, 333 
miles W. from Richmond. 

SiSTERViLLE, a thriving post-village of Tyler county, Virginia, is 
pleasantly situated on the Ohio river, about 35 miles below Wheel- 
ing and 9 miles W. from Middlebourn, the county seat. It has a 
good landing for steamboats, and it is the terminus of several turn- 
pike-roads extending toward the interior. These advantages, to- 
gether with the navigation of the Ohio, render this a place of active 
trade, which is rapidly increasing. Coal and iron ore are found in 
the vicinity. Population in 1853, 1,000 

Skinquarter, a post office of Chesterfield county, Virginia. 

Slash Cottage, a small post village of Hanover county, Vir- 
ginia, on the railroad from Richmond to Fredericksburg, about 20 
miles North from the former. The railroad company have machine 
shops here. The great orator, Henry Clay, was born near this 
place, in the " Slashes of Hanover." 

Slate Mills, a post-office of Rappahannock county, Virginia. 

Slate River, a small stream rising in Buckingham county, Va., and 
flowing north-eastward, enters the James river on the N. E. border 
of that county. It is navigable for boats to Maysville, 27 miles from 
its mouth. 

Sleepy Creek Bridge, a post office of Morgan county, Virginia. 

Smithfield, a handsome post village, capital of Isle of Wight 
county, Virginia, is finely situated on a navigable creek which opens 
into the James river a few miles from its mouth, 80 miles S. E. from 
Richmond. It contains three churches and several high schools. 
Population from 900 to 1,000. 

Smithfield, a small village of Monongalia county, Virginia, 10 
miles N. W. from Morgantown. 

Smith's Creek, a post office of Washington county, Virginia. 

Smith's Cross Roads, a post office of jNIorgan county, Va. 

Smith's Gap, a post office of Hampshire county, Virginia. 



380 



WHEELING BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



FINE LIGHT, PLEASANT LOCATION. 

PARIS' OAGUERREIAN GALLERY. 

WE STUDY TO ..^^^t^ SATISFACTION 



M Mj 



" The good is always beaiitifbl, 
The beautiful is good." 




IVARRANTED. 



NEAR THE 



ifsp^ ^-^-W^ SUSPENSION BRIDGE, 

gfefipWheeliiig. 



Citizens and Strangers tis- 
iting this Gallery can have 
their portraits or miniatures, 

BAUTIFULLT CASED in Mo- 

rocco, Velvet, Papier Mache, and other styles, or set in Medallions or Pins, Rings 
or Seals. 

FIRE AND MARINE INSURANCE. 



(( 



THIES 



n 



C; .A. IE* X T -A. Xj S, 000,000, 



BRANCH OFFICE AT WHEELING, 

No. 99 MAIN STREET, 

Where Fire and Marine Insurances are effected, and all claims for losses promiJtl}^ 

adjusted by 

N. C. ARTHUR, Agent. 




MAHTLESCRlRDSTOHESicCONSTAHTUYpN 
>HAMD*FINISHEDToORDEftii,soPLASTERP|^RIS^ 



NteerMARKET SI W HEEX|lN€'|RW 



J. W. HEISKELL, 

IDIS¥{B©(D)Pi 

Market Street, 'WheeltiiK. 



STEEN »V BRO. 
C?XjOT IX X 3>J O, 

44 Water Street, Wlieeliiig. 



W. KELREY, 

193 MarJiet Street, ■VVliecling. 



W. M. H. GREEAM, 

SALESMAN at SEAMAN'S STORE, 

^\' H 15 i: LIN Cr . 

R. J. CAMPBELL,, 

SALESliN at ELLICOTT'S STORE, 

^i? 51 :2i 2{ 3t a ^? (^ ^ 

JAMES ^V. AlHEAT, 

MEDICAL STUDENT, 

WHEELIN G. 



LEWIS BURGUER, 
3Ialii Street, Wliecliug. 



so GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 381 

Smith's River, a small stream which rises in Patrick county, in 
the South part of Virginia, and flowing south-eastward into North 
Carolina, falls into the Dan river near Leakesville. 

Smithsville, a post village in Powhatan county, Virginia, 39 
miles West from Richmond. 

Smoky Ordinary, a post office of Brunswick county, Virginia. 

Smyth, a county in the S. S. W. part of Virginia, has an area of 
625 square miles. The three branches of Holston river, named the 
North, Middle and South forks, rise near the N. E. border of the 
county, and flow through it in a S. W. direction. The Iron Moun- 
tain range forms the Southern boundary^ and Walker's mountain 
extends along the N. W. border ; the surface between these is an 
elevated valley. The river bottoms are very fertile. Indian corn, 
hay, oats and butter are the staples. In 1850 this county produced 
301,222 bushels of corn, 34,742 of wheat, 139,580 of oats and 100,- 
410 pounds of butter. There were seven saw mills, three iron fur- 
naces, one iron foundry, one salt furnace and two tanneries. It 
contained 12 churches and 600 pupils attending public schools. 
Limestone and gypsum are abundant in the county; and the latter 
is used to fertilize the land. Extensive manufactories of salt are in 
operation on the S. W. border. Smyth county is intersected by the 
Virginia and Tennessee Railroad, not yet finished. Named in honor 
of General Alexander Smyth, member of Congress from Virginia. 
Capital, Marion. Population, 8,162, of whom 7,098 were free and 
1,064 slaves. 

Snickersville, a thriving post village of Loudoun county, Vir- 
ginia, on the turnpike from Winchester to Washington, 165 miles 
North by West from Richmond. 

Snow Creek, a post office of Franklin county, Virginia. 

Snow Hill, a post office of Nicholas county, Viro-inia. 

SoMERTON, a small post village of Nansemond county, Virginia, 
about 100 miles S. E. from Richmond. 

SoMERviLLE, a post village of Fauquier county, Virginia, 85 
miles North by West from Richmond. 

Southampton, a county in the S. S. E. part of Virginia, border- 
ing on North Carolina, has an area of about 600 square miles. It 
is intersected by the Nottaway river, bounded on the S. W. by the 
Meherrin, and on the East by the Blackwater river. The surface is 
nearly level, and extensively covered with forests of pine and cy- 
press. The soil is alluvial, light and moderately fertile. Indian 



382 



WHEELING BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 



T. SWEENEY & SON, 

MANUFACTUKEES OF EVERT VAEIETY OF 



IILMf ijLliiWi 



A 

IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN 

CIimA, QUEEi\SWARE, LAMPS, GIRAKDOLES, 

«C? <£^^ Z^i Oa i:^ C£3 X^ '=££» Sia I^ 02. '^2' n ci^ © 



wu 



i 23. 

LU [N] ( 



t; ir o o tJ, 



G. W. ECKHARDT, 

MANUFACTURER AND WHOLESALE DEALER IN 

tyj -^ ^ ^ ^sa m *!^ e2) 9 




SMITH'S BELLOWS 



'liiil'lIM 'y''i.lllll '''uUl'iiiib 'V..„:J ''^ki 'uniiuil ''«ll ''''ila 'UiiH '''iillilWl ''Ql 'ffil (ii|| 

Market street, North of Market Square, 

^^ IK} d [E H. a !E3 IS o 

03^ He warrants his Bellows to be of superior quality. All orders promptly 
attended to. 



T^o. lOS 2^®:o.3rl^o1: Sci.i:i.^;i^o, 



3 



J. ROBINSON, Proprietor. 



Stage Passengers, Horses, Drivers, Wagoners, &c., will find the accommodations 
at this House equal to any in this city. The Stabling is large and commodious. 
Charges very low. 



n 



a 



m 



.TinTm 



No. 20^ MARKET STREET, 

"^TSr 13: E5 E3 Hi X I^ <3- - 

JACOB i1iERKt.E» Proprietor. 



SP GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 383 

corn, potatoes, hay, cotton and pork are the staples. Tar and tur- 
pentine are also exported. In 1850 the county produced 869 bales 
of cotton, 564,183 bushels of corn, 235,337 of sweet potatoes, and 
3,321 tons of hay. The quantities of cotton and potatoes were the 
greatest produced in any one county of the State. There were two 
grist mills, two manufactories of coaches and one of saddles. It 
contained 23 churches, 2SS pupils attending public schools and 68 
attending academies or other schools. It is intersected by the Ports- 
mouth and Roanoke railroad. Organized in 1748, and named from 
a town of England. Capital, Jerusalem. Population, 13,521, of 
whom 7,766 were free and 5,755 slaves. 

South Anna, a small river in the eastern part of Virginia, rises 
near the north-western extremity of Louisa county, and flowing 
easterly unites with the North Anna, forming the Pamunky river. 
The whole length is probably 75 miles. It affords abundant water- 
power. 

South Hill, a post ofhce of Mecklenburg county, Virginia. 

South Quay, a post office of Nansemond county, Virginia. 

South River, of Virginia, a small branch of the Shenandoah, 
rises in Augusta county, flows in a north-easterly course, and unites 
with the other main branch at Port Republic, in Rockingham county. 

Sparta, a post office of Caroline county, Virginia. 

Spartapolis, a post village in Rockingham county, Virginia, 
142 miles N. W. from Richmond. 

Speedwell, a post office of Wythe county, Virginia. 

Sperryville, a small post village of Rappahannock county, Vir- 
ginia, about 120 miles N. W. from Richmond. A turnpike extends 
from this village to the Rappahannock river. 

Spottedville, a post village of Stafford county, Virginia, 69 
miles N. from Richmond. 

Spottsylvania, a county in the E. part of Virginia, has an area 
of 400 square miles. The Rappahannock forms the boundary on the 
N. E., the North Anna river on the S. W., and the Mattapony rises 
within its limits. The surface is pleasantly diversified by hill and 
dale. The soil is generally fertile in the vicinity of the streams. 
Indian corn, wheat, oats, hay, butter and pork are the staples. In 
1850 the county produced 265,753 bushels of corn ; 102,953 of 
wheat; 47,347 of oats; 1,279 tons of hay, and 52,056 pounds 
of butter. It contained 2 Hour mills and 2 tanneries, 20 churches, 
6 newspaper offices, 300 pupils attending public schools and 461 



384 PHILADELPHIA SUBSCRIBERS 

GODEY'B LADY'S BOOK, 

» ^♦^i » 

Twenty-flfth year of Publication by the same Publisher. 

» »»» » 

THE ONLY LADT'8 BOOK ACKNOWLEDGED BT THE LADIES OF TUIS COUNTRY AS 'ffORTUY OF ITS NAME. 

PEINCIPAL POINTS OF ATTRACTION FOR 1855 & 56. 

It contains 100 pages of reading in every monili's number— not beginning witli a large naniDer of 
pages in January, and decreasing throughourtlie year. 

LINE OR MEZZOTINT IN EVERY NUMBER, 

§tikM |vcli;ible Stttl Jasljioit ^Iitfcs— Colarcir. 

In every Number— the only Fashion Plates that are considered as authority. 

KNITTING, NETTING & EMBROIDERING PRINTED IN COLORS. 
iyEXJSXC2?™Two Pages Monthly. 

EASY LESSONS IN DRAWING ARE GIVEN MONTHLY. 
CODEY'S INVALUABLE RECEIPTS, 

Worth alone THEEE DOLLAES a year— for Cooking, the Toilet, Sick room, Nursery and Miscella- 
neous Housekeeping Keceipts. 

WITH FULL DIRECTIONS FOB LADIF.S TO CUT THEIR OWN DRESSES. 

PATTERNS FOR CHILDREN'S DRESSES. BOTH MALE AND FEMALE. 

Embroidery and Broiderie Anglaise Patterns, every month, in great variety. 

THE NUESEKY. — This Department is invaluable to every Mother. 

MODEL COTTAGES— Great attention paid to this Department. 

A TEEATISE ON THE HAIE. — A most excelleui article for the preservation and beautifying of 
this most valuable ornament to both sexes. 

Undoubted Receipts, Model Cottages, Model Cottage Furniture, Patterns for "Window Curtains, Mu- 
sic. Crotchet Work, Knitting, Netting, Patch work, Crotchet Flower Work, Hair Braiding, Kiblson 



^tiding ■ , ^ _ . . . . 

in season— in fine, every thing that can interest a Lady, will find its appropriate place in her own Book 
EEMEMBEK that the Lndy's Book has always given Steel Engravings, and througliout the year, 
not publishing them in the January and February numbers and then omitting them, in the Lady's 
Book alone you receive what no other three Magazines can furnish you with. 

This is another series of Articles peculiar to this Magazine. Every one of these articles is illustra- 
ted with at least eight or ten of the finest wood engravings. This department is very interesting, 
conveying information in an agreeable form, suitable for Ladies and Gentlemen, that cannot be ob- 
tained elsewhere. 

The expense of one number of the Lady's Book, including Steel engravings and literary matter, 
paid for, not taken from English Magazines, far exceeds that of any other Magazine in this country. 
We make no exception, and are willing to have the fact tested. 

T 13 It 3VE S: 

One Copy, one year, $ 3 

Two Copies, one year, or One Copy two years, . . , o 

Five Copies, one year, and extra Copy to the person sending the Club, . . .10 
Eight Copies one "year, do. do. do. do. . . . 15 

Eleven Copies, one year, do. do. do. do. ... 20 

r^" Godey's Lady's Book and Arthur's Home Magazine will both be sent one year for $3 50. To 
insure what you order being certainly sent, address 

No. 113 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia. 

|I5= Specimens sent if desired. 



ST GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 385 

attending academies and other schools. Two gold mines were 
worked in this county in 1850 ; granite and freestone are abundant. 
A canal about 45 miles long has been opened along the Rappahan- 
nock, above the falls, and the county is intersected by the Richmond 
and Potomac railroad. The Rappahannock affords valuable water- 
power at Fredericksburg. Organized in 1720, and named in honor 
of Alexander Spottswood, at that time governor of Virginia. Capi- 
tal, Spottsylvania Court House. Population, 14,911, of whom 7,430 
were free and 7,481 slaves. 

Spottsylvania Court House, a post village, capital of Spott- 
sylvania county, Virginia, on the Po river, 65 miles N. from Rich- 
mond. 

Spout Spring, a post office of Appomattox county, Virginia. 

Springfield, a post village of Hampshire county, Virginia. 
197 miles N. W. from Richmond. 

Springfield, a village of Monroe county, Virginia, on Indian 
creek, about 245 miles W. from Richmond. 

Spring Garden, a post village in Pittsylvania county, Virginia, 
135 miles S. W. by W. from Richmond. 

Springvale, a post office of Fairfax county, Virginia. 

Springville, a post office of Tazewell county, Virginia. 

Spruce Hill, a post office of Highland county, Virginia. 

Stafford, a county in the East part of Virginia, bordering on the 
Potomac river, which separates it from Maryland, has an area of 
250 square miles. It is bounded on the south-west by the Rappa- 
hannock river, and also drained by the Aquia, Potomac and Acco- 
keek creeks. The surface is hilly ; the soil near the Potomac river 
is a light loam, moderately fertile ; other parts are sandy and poor. 
Indian corn, wheat, oats, tobacco and hay are the staples. In 1850 
it produced 178,651 bushels of corn, 58,923 of wheat, 38,750 of 
oats and 2,018 tons of hay. There were two flour mills, three grist 
mills, two saw mills and two cotton factories. It contained 12 
churches, and 245 pupils attending public schools. Quarries of 
granite and freestone, suitable for building, have been opened, and 
gold has been found in small quantities. The Rappahannock af- 
fords excellent water-power at Falmouth. The county is intersected 
by the Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac railroad. Organ- 
ized in 1675, and named from Stafford, a county of England. 
Capital, Stafford Court House. Population, 8,044, of whom 4,733 
were free, and 3,311 slaves. 

49 



386 PHILADELPHIA SUBSCRIBERS. 



CELEBRATED FAULT MEDICINES. 

Are free from Mercury, and can he taken without regard to Exj)osure. 



They are recommended by Physicians at home and abroad, and thousands have 
been cured and benefited by using them. 



Expeclorant, or Cough Syrup, for Coughs, Colds, Consumption, Asthma, Bronchitis, 
and all Lung Diseases. It cures Consumption when taken in time, 

[In 50 cents and $1 bottles. 

Mterative, or Blood Purifier, for Scrofula, Old Eruptions, and all Diseases arising 

from an impure state of the Blood, or a constitution impaired by the use of 

Mercury, Price $1 

Carminative Balsam, for Cholera, Cholera Morbus, Bowel Complaints, and Dys- 
entery, . . , 25 cents. 

Vermifuge, or Tform-JTiHer, a safe, sure, and reliable expeller of Worms, . 75 cts. 
Alterative, or Family Pills, for Liver Complaints, Dyspepsia, Indigestion, Sour Stom- 
ach, and Costiveness, 25 cts. 

Golden Pills, for falling of the Womb, Female Weakness, Debility and Relax- 
ation, 50 cts. 

Female Pills, a valuable remedy for Female Complaints, superior to Hooper's 

Pills, 25 cts. 

Railroad, or Anti-Bilious Pills, so called because they go ahead of all other pills, for 

the Liver and bilious habits, 12g and 25 cts. 

Rheximatic Compound, an Internal Remedy for Rheumatism, either Acute or 

Chronic, 50 cts. 

Dyspeptic Compound, a sure cure for Dyspepsia and Liver, . . . 50 cts. 

Magic Liniment, for Rheumatism, Sprains, Tooth ache, and all pains of the body and 

Spinal and Liver Affections, 25 cts. 

Tonic Mixture, for Chills, Fevers, and general Debility. A never failing rem- 
edy, 50 cts. 

Compound Extract of Buchu, for all Diseases of the Kidneys and Bladder, and for 

Dropsy, , 50 cts. 

Croup Syrup. This remedy is never known to fail, and has saved thousands of 

children, • 25 cts. 

Hair Tonic, to prevent Baldness, and make the hair soft and lustrous. Highly re- 
commended by the late Dr. Physick, 25 and 50 cts. 

Astringent Compound, for Spitting Blood, Flooding, and all Bloody Discharges, 50 cts. 
J^ervous Cordial. For all Nervous conditions of the System, Neuralgia, Heart Dis- 
ease, Palpitation, &c., . • . 50 cts. 

Pile Ointment. 50 cents. Eye and Tetter Ointments, . ... 25 cts. 

Eye Water and Strengthening Plasters. Superior to all others, ... 25 cts. 
Wlioophig- Cough Syrup. This preparation always gives relief and effects a cure, 50 cts. 
Female Specific. A remedy for Painful Menstruation, Leucorrhoea or Whites, $1 
Elixir of Opium. Superior to all other forms of Opium, .... 25 cts. 
Pain-Curer. Cures all pain, external or internal ; cures Chilblains, Corns, Bruises, 
Sprains, Tooth-ache, Ear-ache, Stiff Neck, Soar Throat, Pains in the Bowels and 

Stomach, Sudden Colds, &c. 12i, 25 and 50 cts. 

Infant Cordial. Free from Opium, and producing easy sleep, . . .25 cts. 

Acoustic Oil, for Deafness and Inflammation in the Ears 50 cts, 

Sarsaparilla Compound, for all Skin Diseases, and Purifying the blood, 50 cts. and $1 

Sold by Driigg;ists and all others in all cities and 
towns in Tirginia and other States. 



ST GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA 387 

Stafford Court House, a small post- village, capital of Stafford 
county Virginia, 76 miles North from Ricliiuond. 

Stanardsville, a post village, capital of Greene county, Vir- 
ginia, 92 miles N. W. from Richmond, and five miles S. E. from 
the Blue Ridge. The village has been much improved within a few 
years. It became the county seat in 1838. 

Staunton, a river in the South part of Virginia, rises in Mont- 
gomery county, among the Alleghany mountains ; flowing eastward 
and south-eastward, it passes through the Blue Ridge, falling nearly 
1,000 feet in a distance of 20 miles. After a very rapid and tortu- 
ous course of about 200 miles, it unites with Dan river at Clarkes- 
ville, Mecklenburg county, constituting the Roanoke. The latter 
name is also applied by highly respectable writers to the whole 
stream just described. See Roanoke River. 

Staunton, a flourishing town, capital of Augusta county, Vir- 
ginia, is situated on a small branch of Shenandoah river, near its 
source, and on the Central railroad of Virginia, 120 miles W. N. W. 
from Richmond. The Central railroad, which is completed from 
Richmond to Staunton, and will be extended to the Ohio river, and 
bring large accessions to the trade and population of this place. 
Staunton is the seat of the Western Lunatic Asylum, and of the 
Virginia Institution for the Deaf and Dumb and Blind. The blind 
are in the same building with the deaf and dumb, but under a sepa- 
rate instructor. It contains five or six churches, two academies, 3 
female seminaries and 2 banks. Four newspapers are published 
here. The surrounding country is highly productive, and beauti- 
fully diversified, forming part of the great valley of Virginia. In 
the limestone formation of this region extensive caverns occur, 
among which the most celebrated is Weyer's cave, about 18 miles 
N. E. from Staunton. Population, about 5,000. 

Steel's Tavern, a post office of Augusta county, Virginia, 138 
miles W. N. W. from Richmond, 

Steer Creek, a post office of Gilmer county, Virginia. 

Stephenson's Depot, a post office of Frederick county, Va. 

Stevensburg, a post office of Culpepper county, Virginia, on 
the road from Fairfax to Fredericksburg, about 95 miles N. W. 
from Richmond, contains one or two churches," a hotel and several 
stores. 

Stevensville, a post village of King and Queen county, Vir- 
ginia, 31 miles N. E. from Richmond. 



388 PHILADELPHIA SUBSCRIBERS. 

SKT . TILLER, 

DRUGGISTS, TOBACCONISTS, 

CSiFESTJOMEBS' ABTiSLES, 
HARDWARE, PERFUMERY, CHINA & GLASSWARE, 

No. 1 Commerce street, between 4th and Etli streets, 

Philadelphia. 

Toys and Dolls, Fancy Baskets, Alabaster Articles, French Fans, Toilet Bottles, Teeth Brushes, China 
Ornaments, Bonbon Papers, Secrets' Papers, Fancy Boxes, Tobacco Boxes, Segar Cases, German 
Pipes, Tin Foil, Fancy and Gilt Paper, Morocco Paper, German Slates, Lead and Slate Pencils, Mar- 
bles, Percussion Caps. CASES OF TOTS WELL ASSORTED AT $5, $10, and $-20. 

"W. TILLER, Importer, No. 1 Commerce street. 

B, A, FAHNESTOCK & CO. 

WHOLESALE DRUGGISTS, 

AND IMPORTERS OF 

ENOLISH, FRENCH & GERMAN DRUGS, 

MANUFACTURERS AND PROPRIETORS OF 

B. A. Pahnestock's Vennifsige, 

No. 209 MARKET STREET, 

ABOVE FIFTH, NORTH SIDE, 

F»3E3:IXj.A.333BXjF*TJ:IwA., 

CHAS. WURTS. HENRY AUSTIE. HAMILTON T. McVEIGH. 

WURTS, AUSTIE & McVEIffH, 

IMPORTERS AND WHOLESALE DEALERS IN 

FOREiaN ^ND DOINIESTIC 



No. 129 MARKET STREET, 

;r-?r-CoL B. F. KELLEY, of "Wheeling, would be pleased to see his frieuds at this 
Establishment. 



SU GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 389 

Stewart's Draft, a post office of Augusta county, Virginia. 

Stewartstown, a small post village of Monongalia county, Va. 

Stillwell, a post office of Wood county, Virginia. 

Stock Creek, a post office of Scott county, Virginia. 

Stoner's Store, a post office of Roanoke county, Virginia. 

Stonewell Mills, a post village of Appomattox county, Vir- 
ginia, on James river, 108 miles West by South from Richmond. 

Stony Creek, a post office of Scott county, Virginia. 

Stony Fork, a post office of Amherst county, Virginia. 

Stony Hill, a small village of Madison county, Virginia, on the 
Blue Ridge turnpike. 

Stony Mount, a post office of Brunswick county, Virginia. 

Stony Point Mills, a post village of Cumberland county, Vir- 
ginia, 61 miles W. S. W. from Richmond, contains a flouring mill. 

Strasburg, a thriving post village of Shenandoah county, Vir- 
ginia, on the North fork of the Shenandoah river, and on the Ma- 
nassas Gap railroad, 18 miles S. W. from Winchester. It has three 
churches. Population, about 650. 

Stroud's Glades, a post office of Nicholas county, Virginia. 

Sturgeon ville, a post village of Brunswick county, Virginia, 
about 60 miles S. S. W. from Richmond. 

Sublett's Tavern, a post office of Powhatan county, Virginia. 

Sugar Grove, a post office of Pendleton county, Virginia. 

Sugar Run, a post office of Wetzel county, Virginia. 

Sugar Tree, a post office of Pittsylvania county, Virginia. 

Summers, a post-office of Rockbridge county, Virginia. 

Summerville, a post village, capital of Nicholas county, Vir- 
ginia, 286 miles West by North from Richmond. 

Summit Point, a post office of Jeffi^rson county, Virginia. 

Sunrise, a post office of Bath county, Virginia. 

Surry, a county in the S. E. part of Virginia, has an area of 340 
square miles. James river forms the boundary on the N. E., and 
Blackwater river on the S. W. The surface is moderately uneven ; 
the soil is generally sandy. Indian corn is the staple product. In 
1850 there w^ere raised 204,975 bushels of corn. There were 5 
saw mills and 11 churches. Formed in 16 52, and named from 
Surry, a county in England. Capital, Surry Court House. Popu- 
lation, 5,679, of whom 3,200 were free, and 2,479 slaves. 

Surry Court House, a small post village, capital of Surry Co., 
Va., 5 miles from James river, and 60 miles S. E. from Richmond. 



390 



PHILADELPHIA SUBSCRIBERS. 



Late Professor of Anatomy and Surgery in the Philadelphia 
College of Medicine, 







And Acting Professor of Midwifery; one of the Consulting Physicians of the Phila- 
delphia Hospital, Blockley ; late member of the National Medical Associations; 
member of the Philadelphia Medical Society ; member of the Medico-Chirurgical 
College of Philadelphia ; formerly President and Professor of Anatomy and Surgery 
in Castleton Medical College, Vermont; and also late Professor of Anatomy and 
Physiology in Berkshire Medical Institution, Pitlsfield, Mass., &c. 

Has lately introduced in a popular form several of his favorite prescriptions for the 
principal diseases of this climate. We give below a list of the remedies; the name 
of each article will imply the disease for which it is intended to be used 

DR. McCLlNTOCK'S PECTORAL SYRUP. Price #L 

DR. McCLIlSTOCK'S COLD and COUGH MIXTURE— for Colds, Coughs, 
&c. Price 25 cts. 

DR. McCLlNTOCK'S ASTHMA AND HOOPING COUGH REMEDY. 
Price ^0 ct^ 

DR. Mc^CLINTOCK'S TONIC ALTERATIVE SYRUP.— For Purifying the 
Blood. Price $1. 

DR. McCLlNTOCK'S DYSPEPTIC ELIXIR. For giving tone to the stomach, 
relieving pains after eating, heart-burn, and all disagreeable symptoms arising from 
indigestion. Price $1. 

DR. McCLlNTOCK'S RHEUMATIC MIXTURE-A Purely Vegetable Reme- 
dy for internal use. Price 50 cents. 

DR. McCLlNTOCK'S RHEUMATIC LINIMENT-For Rheumatism, Sprains, 
Swellings, &c. &c. Price 50 cents. 

DR. McCLlNTOCK'S ANODYNE MIXTURE— For Pains, Toothache, Head- 
ache, Neuralgia, &c., &c. Price 50 cents. 

DR. McCLlNTOCK'S FEVER and AGUE SPECIFIC— A certain cure for all 
Intermitlents. Price %\. 

DR. McCLlNTOCK'S DIARRHCEA CORDIAL and CHOLERA PREVEN- 
TIVE—A safe Remedy. 

DR. McCLlNTOCK'S VEGETABLE PURGATIVE PILLS— For Costiveness, 
Headache, &.c. Price 25 cents. 

DR. McCLlNTOCK'S ANTIBILIOUS PILLS— For Irregularity in the Func- 
tions of the Liver and Bowels— the best Liver Pill made. Price 25 cents a box. 

For sale by JAMES McCLINTOCK, at his Medical Depot, N. W. corner NINTH 
and FILBERT streets, Philadelphia, and at all Druggists and Dealers in Medicines. 
All Druggists and Dealers in Medicines who wish to be agents, will please address 
Dr. McCLINTOCK, furnishing reference, name of Post-Office, county and State. 

The Doctor may be consulted daily from 10 to 13 A. M. at his Depot. 



TA GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 391 

Sussex, a county in the S. S. E. part of Virginia, has an area of 
400 square miles. It is intersected by the Nottaway river, and 
bounded on the N. E. by Blackwater river. The surface is moder- 
ately uneven ; the soil produces cotton, Indian corn, and forests of 
pine. In 1850 there were raised 356,171 bushels of corn, 35,133 
of wheat, and 780 bales of cotton. There were 20 flour, grist and 
saw mills, two coach manufactories and one tannery. It contained 
24 churches, and 249 pupils attending academies and other schools. 
The railroad from Petersburg to Weldon passes through the county. 
Formed from Surry in 1754. Capital, Sussex Court House. Pop- 
ulation, 9,820, of whom 3,828 were free, and 5,992, slaves. 

Sussex Court House, a post village, capital of Sussex county, 
Virginia, 50 miles South by East from Eichmond. 

Sutton, or Braxton Court House, a small post village, capital 
of Braxton county, Virginia, on the Elk river, 289 miles W. N. W. 
from Richmond. 

SwANsoNViLLE, a post officc of Pittsylvania county, Virginia. 
Sweedlinhill, a post office of Pendleton county, Virginia. 
Sweet Springs, a post village of Monroe county, Virginia, is 
pleasantly situated near the foot of the Alleghany mountain, 204 
miles West from Richmond. This is one of the oldest and most 
fashionable watering-places of the State. 

SwiNEYARD, a post officc of Charles City county, Virginia. 
Sydnorsville, a post village in Franklin county, Virginia, 160 
miles S. W. by West from Richmond. 

Tackett's Mills, a post office of Stafford county, Virginia. 
Tangier's Islands, of Virginia, in Chesapeake bay, nearly op- 
posite the mouth of the Potomac river. 

Tanner's Store, a post office of Mecklenburg county, Virginia. 
Tappahannock, a port of entry and capital of Essex county, 
Virginia, on the right bank of the Rappahannock river, 50 miles N. 
E. from Richmond. It contains a custom house, one church, two 
flourishing seminaries, and 5 stores. The shipping of this port June 
30, 1852, amounted to an aggregate of 5,621 tons, of which 5,039 
were employed in the coasting trade. Population, about 350. 

Taylor, a county in the N. N. W. part of Virginia, has an area 
of 130 square miles. It is intersected by the Tygart's Valley river, 
a branch of the Monongahela, and also drained by Sandy and Elk 
creeks. The surface is hilly The soil in some parts fertile. In- 
dian corn, wheat, oats, hay, butter and live stock are the staples. 



392 PHILADELPHIA SUBSCRIBERS. 

STANDARD FAMILY MEDICINES, 

PREPARED UNDER THE IMMEDIATE CARE OF 



AT HIS LABORATORY, 
No. 4 NORTH SEVENTH STREET, ABOVE MARKET, 

DR. mwm COMPOLXD SYRLP OF WILD CHERRY. 

Read the following Certificate of Thomas Dixon andlhe Testimony of Rev. J. R. Durhorroxo. 

Point of Kocks, Frederick county, Md., June 9th, 1S52. 

De. Swatne : Dear Sir, — Believing it a duty I owe to tlie public, and in justice to you, I have 
thought proper to make known one of "the most extraordinary cures in my own case, that has ever 
been truly recorded. In the month of October last, I was afflicted with a severe gathering in my 
breast, which formed a large abscess, and also communicated to my lungs and very much afflicted 
them, and discharged large quantities of corruption, external and internal. My breath could also 
pass through my lungs and out through the cavity of the breast with apparent ease, attended with a 
violent cough, day and night, loss of appetite and extreme debility, so that my physician thought my 
ease entirely hopeless and beyond the power of medicine. I remained in this wretched condition for 
a long time until I was wasted to a mere skeleton and there seemed to be no hope for me ; but having 
read in the public papers of the many wonderful cures performed by your COMPOUND SYKUP OF 
WILD CHEKEY, I inmiediately sent for five bottles and commenced its use, and to my great satis- 
faction and the joy of my anxious family, the abscess or opening in my lungs began to heal, and the 
cough to subside, and on using ten bottles I was restored to perfect health. 1 feel very grateful, and 
firmly believe that to your valuable medicine, under the blessing of Divine Providence, I am indebted 
for this great change, "and am happv to say that I am now enjoying as good health as I ever have 

Y'ours, very respectfully, THOMAS DIXON. 

The subscriber is well acquainted with Thomas Dixon, and can testify that he has been afflicted as 
above represented. I regard the recovery as almost a miracle. He is a worthy member of society. 

JAMES E. DUIiBOEIiOW, " 
Pastor of Berlin Circuit, Baltimore Conference. 

LOOK WELL TO THE MARKS OF THE GENUINE. 

^?~Eemember no preparation of "Wild Cherry is genuine except the original article as prep.ared 
by DR. 6WAYNE. See that his PORTRAIT is on the wrapper around each botUe. UntU you ob- 
tain this Compound you will never know the real virtues of the Wild Cherry. 



©[B. SWia^Ell^ 



W "^ %a ^jl& %^ 




An effectual remedy for "Worms, Dyspepsia, Cholera Morbus, Delicate, Sickly or Dys- 
peptic Children, Convulsions, &c. None genuine except in SQUARE BOTTLES. 

DR. mmn somated sarsaparhu . 

,ln€l Extract of Tar Pills. 

4 

.^§**These valuable Pills are the result of medical knowledge combined icilh long expe- 
rience. Having- used them many years in my private practice, I therefore have had 
, ample opportunity in testing their power to relieve and cure those diseases for -which 

they are designed. 

« *»» > 

.A. C31- ES IXr "37 S - 

TODD, HINTON & TRAYLOR, Petersbursr, Va.; ADIE & GRAY and PEYTON 
JOHNSTON, Richmond, Va ; KING & TOY, Norfolk, Va.; A. LEWIS, Weston, Va.; 
W. S. "WOOD, Waterford, Va.; A. M. KRIDLER, Harper's Ferry, Va.; PATTERSON 
& CO., "Wheeling, Va.; J. & W. GOSHORN, Kanawha C. H., Va., and by most 
Druggists and Storekeepers throughout the IJnited States. 



TE GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 393 

In 1850 this county produced 101,118 bushels of corn, 23,995 of 
wheat, 41,499 of oats, 4,051 tons of hay, and 87,110 pounds of 
butter. There were five flour and grist mills, four saw mills, five 
tanneries, one manufactory of cabinet ware, and one of earthen 
w^are, and eleven churches. The county contains iron ore and stone 
coal. It is intersected by the Baltimore and Ohio railroad, and the 
North-western railroad has its eastern terminus near the county seat. 
Formed in 1844, out of parts of Harrison, Barbour and Marion, and 
named in honor of John Taylor, of Caroline county. Capital, Prun- 
tytown, sometimes called Williamsport. Population, 5,367, of whom 
5,199 were free, and 168 slaves. 

Taylor's Store, a post office of Franklin county, Virginia, 173 
miles W. S. W. from Richmond. 

Taylorsville, a post village in Hanover county, Virginia, on 
the Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac railroad, 20 miles north 
from Richmond. 

Taylorsville, of Patrick county, Virginia. See Patrick 
Court House. 

Tazeavell, a county in the S. W. part of Virginia, bordering on 
Kentucky, is 60 miles in length, and has an area of 1,300 square 
miles. The Clinch and Bluestone rivers rise in the county ; the 
Tug fork of Sandy river forms part of its northern boundary, and it 
is also drained by the Dry fork of the latter stream, and by V^'^olf 
creek. Clinch mountain extends along the S. E. border, and other 
mountain ridges pass across the county. The highlands produce 
good timber and pasturage ; the soil of the valleys is highly produc- 
tive. Indian corn, wheat, oats, butter, cattle, horses and swine are 
the staples. In 1850 there were raised 235,126 bushels of corn; 
21,327 of wheat ; 125,214 of oats, and 135,910 pounds of butter 
were made. There were 6 tanneries, 3 cabinet ware manufactories 
and 1 saddlery. It contained 15 churches, and 654 pupils attend- 
ing public schools. Limestone, iron ore, and stone coal are abun- 
dant in the county ; the mines of the latter are thought to be inex- 
haustible. The county is plentifully supplied with water-power. 
Formed in 1799, and named in honor of Henry Tazewell, who re- 
presented Virgina in the United States Senate about that period. 
Capital, Jeffersonville. Population, 9,942 ; of whom 8,882 were 
free, and 1,060 slaves. 1 

Tazewell Court House, Virginia. See Jeffersonville. 

Teaze's Valley, a post office of Kanawha county, Virginia. 

50 



394 



PHILADELPHIA SUBSCRIBERS 



F jci X Xj ii^i 



P ££ X xL 





FIFTH ST 

(BELOW WALNUT) 



B T 



CORPORATORS. 

Hon. ELLIS LEWIS, M. D., LL. D., President. 
Hon. GEO. W. WOODWARD, LL. D. COLSON HIESKELL, Esq. 

ROBERT MORRIS, Esq. WILLIAM H. ALLEx\, M. D. 

JOHN C. BULLITT, Esq. JOB R. TYSON, LL. D., Secretary. 

AND THE FACULTY. 



FACULTY. 



GEORGE HEWSTON, M. D., 
Professor of Anatomy, 

B. HOWARD RAND, M. D., 
Professor of Chemistry. 

HENRY HARTSHORNE, M. D., 
Professor of the Institutes cf Medicine. 

ISAAC A. PENNYPACKER, M. D., 

Professor of Theory and Practice of Medicine. 

JAMES L. TYSON, M. D., 
Professor of Materia Medica and General Therapeutics. 

JOSEPH PARRISH, M. D., 
Professor of Midwifery and Diseases of Women and Children. 

JAMES BRYAN, M. D., 
Professor of Surgery. 

Two full Courses of Lectures are given annually, one beginning in March, the other in October. 
Degrees are conferred in Maeoh and July. 

The Faculty take a personal interest in the welfare and progress of each Student. 

Examinations are held daily in each branch. 

The Courses are in the highest degree thorough and practical. 

Particular attention is given to CLINICAL INSTRUCTION, both at thej Public Institutions of 
the City and in the Dispensary attached to the College. |S^ Advanced Students are furnished with 
Cases in Medicine. Surgery and Midwifery, to be attended personaUy. A Pharmaceutical Department 
is attached to the Institute for their use. 

^^Gentlomen interested are invited to visit the Institution at all times. 

For further information, address 

B. HOWARD RAND, M. D., Dean. 



TR GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 395 

Temperance, a post office of Amherst county, Virginia. 

Temperanceville, a post office of Accomack county, Virginia. 

Templeton, a post village of Prince George county, Virginia, 36 
miles S. E. from Richmond. 

The Glades, a post office of Carroll county, Virginia. 

Theological Seminary, a post office of Fairfax county, Va. 

The Plains, a post office of Fauquier county, Virginia. 

Thompson's Cross Roads, a post office of Louisa county, Vir- 
ginia, 45 miles N. W. from Richmond. 

Thompsonville, a post village of Culpepper county, Virginia, 
104 miles N. N. W. from Richmond. It has two churches. 

Thornburg, a post village of Spottsylvania county, Virginia, on 
the Po river, 69 miles North from Richmond. 

Thorn Hill, a post office of Orange county, Virginia, 92 miles 
N. W. from Richmond. 

Thorton's Mills, a post office of Rappahannock county, Va. 

Thornton's River, in the N. E. part of Virginia, rises from the 
Blue Ridge, near the West border of Rappahannock county, and 
flowing south-eastward through Culpepper county, unites with 
Hedgman's river, forming the North fork of the Rappahannock. 

Thoroughfare, a post village of Prince William county, Vir- 
ginia, 124 miles North from Richmond. 

Three Forks, a post office of Taylor county, Virginia. 

Three Springs, a post office of Washington county, Virginia. 

Timber: Grove, a post office of Washington county, Virginia. 

Timber Ridge, a post office of Rockbridge county, Virginia. 

TiMBERViLLE, a post village in Rockingham county, Virginia, 
about 150 miles N. W. from Richmond. 

Tinker Knob, a post office of Botetourt county, Virginia. 

Tobacco Row, a post office of Amherst county, Virginia. 

Todd's, a post office of Spottsylvania county, Virginia. 

Tolersville, a post village in Louisa county, Virginia, on the 
Virginia Central Railroad, 45 miles N. W. by North from Rich- 
mond. 

Tomahawk Spring, a post office of Berkely county, Virginia. 

Tom's Brook, a post office of Shenandoah county, Virginia. 

Town House, a post office of Smyth county, Virginia. 

Traveler's Repose, a post office of Pocahontas county, Va. 

Traylorsville, a post village of Henry county, Virginia, 200 
miles W. S. W. from Richmond. 



396 



PHILADELPHIA SUBSCRIBERS. 



Xj A. S S Xj Ij ' s 




\^ 






9 
ABOVE MARKET, 



The attention of Merchants and Dealers generally is particularly 
requested to the Extensive Stock of 



'h 



''ra W[ 



^ 



"I 



AND 



ALWAYS TO BE FOUND AT THIS WAREHOUSE. 

My enlarged facilities and advantages in 

Manufacturing my own Goods, 



V 



Enables me to oifer the Largest Stock and the 



"Which -will be sold as Cheap if not Cheaper than at any other Establishment in the 
United States. And I guarantee to those who may favor me with their patronage, 
full satisfaction in every respect. 

C. LASELL, 

Formerly Lascll S^' Brother, 

14 North Fourth Street, 

IP IHl Q L /!^ O IE L [P [HI 11 /^ - 



TY GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 397 

Trevillian's Depot, a post village of Louisa county, Virginia, 
on the Central Railroad, 67 miles from Richmond. 

Triadelphia, a post office of Ohio county, Virginia. 

Tug River, a post office of Tazewell county, Virginia. 

Tumbling Creek, a post office of Tazewell county, Virginia. 

Turkey Cove, a post office of Lee county, Virginia. 

Turner's Store, a post office of Caroline county, Virginia. 

TuscARORA, a creek in the N. N. E. part of Virginia, flows through 
Berkely county, passes by Martinsburg, and falls into the Potomac, 
or some small affluent of that river. It affords fine water-power. 

Two Mile Branch, a post office of Smyth county, Virginia. 

Twyman's Store, a post office of Spottsylvania county, Va. 

Tye River, a small stream in the S. E. central part of Virginia, 
rises at the base of the Blue Ridge, flows south-eastward through 
Nelson county, and enters James river. It furnishes motive-power, 
for mills. 

Tye River Mills, a post office of Nelson county, Virginia, 128 
miles West from Richmond. 

Tye River Warehouse, a post office of Nelson county, Va. 

Tygart's Valley River, in the north-west part of Virginia, 
rises in Randolph county, among the Greenbrier mountains, passes 
through Barbour and Taylor counties, and unites with the West 
fork of the Monongahela, one mile south from Fairmount, in Marion 
county. Its general direction is northward ; its whole length is es- 
timated at 150 miles. It is navigable by small boats in the lower 
part of its. course. 

Tyler, a county in the N. W. part of Virginia, is situated on the 
Ohio river, some fifty miles below Wheeling : area 390 square miles. 
The Ohio river forms its north-western boundary, separating it from 
the State of Ohio, and is intersected by Middle Island creek. The 
surface is hilly and broken, and partly covered with forests of good 
timber. The soil is excellent, well watered, and adapted to wool 
growing. Indian corn, wheat, oats, hay and live stock are the sta- 
ples. In 1850 this county produced 130,014 bushels of corn, 15,- 
100 of wheat, 27,544 of oats, and 1,737 tons of hay. There were 
nine saw mills, four flour mills, three tanneries, seven churches and 
145 pupils attending public schools. The county contains abundance 
of stone coal, iron ore, and good building stone ; limestone is one 
of the principal rocks. Large quantities of ore resembling zinc are 
found. Middle Island creek is a fine mill stream. The county is 



398 



PHILADELPHIA SUBSCRIBERS. 



WM.EHORSTMAM&SONS, 
e)H)(]t,i^e)ifee)i(] 



Store, 51 "Not 



Having completed the erection of the Largest Manufacturing Establishment of its 
class in the United States, the advertisers are prepared to execute with promptness 
orders for any of the following articles : 




€uh 



J 



<i>^ w^m"^^ ^^^(^mjx^'^^^m^ 



toii^ 



©i 






^3 



/i\ >^i 




lAiiif 



Wii.mmm 

CURTAIN TRIMMINGS, 

T-A.ii.oiis' TiiiM:M:iNas, 
THEATRICAL DECORATIONS, 

YE\ETIiN BLIND TRDIMINGS, HATTERS' BINDINGS, SOCIETY GOODS, RYLES. 

They also offer at the lowest prices, a Choice Stock of 

Hosiery, Gloves and Fancy Goods, 

OF THEIR OWN IMPORTATION. 



VA GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 399 

intersected by three good turnpike-roads. Organized in 1814, and 
named in honor of John Tyler, governor of Virginia in 1810. Cap- 
ital, Middlebourn. Population, 5,498, — 5,460 free, and 38 slaves. 

Tyler Mountain, a post office of Kanawha county, Virginia. 

Uffington, a post office of Monongalia county, Virginia. 

Union, a handsome post village, capital of Monroe county, Vir- 
ginia, 208 miles W. from Richmond. It contains two or three 
churches. Population, about 500. 

Union Grove, a post office of Prince George county, Virginia. 

Union Hall, a small post village of Franklin county, Virginia, 
200 miles W. S. W. from Richmond. 

Union Level, a post office of Mecklenburg county, Virginia. 

Union Mills, a post village of Fluvanna county, Virginia, on the 
Rivanna river, 75 miles N. W. from Richmond. The river affords 
w'ater power, which is used for a cotton factory and several mills. 

Union Village, a post village in Northumberland county, Vir- 
ginia, 88 miles E. N. E. from Richmond. 

Unison, a post village of Loudoun county, Virginia, 16 miles S. 
W. from Leesburg, contains three churches. and several stores. 

University of Virginia, a post office of Albemarle county, Vir- 
ginia. See Charlottesville. 

Upland, a post office of Mason county, Virginia. 

Upper Falls of Coal, a post office of Kanawha county, Virginia. 

Upper Tract, a post office of Pendleton county, Virginia. 

Upperville, a post village of Fauquier county, Virginia, is situ- 
ated at the foot of the Blue Ridge, on the turnpike from Winchester 
to Alexandria, 135 miles N. by W. from Richmond. It is sur- 
rounded by a fine farming district, and contains three churches and 
about 700 inhabitants. 

Upshur, a 'new county in the N. W. central part of Virginia, 
on the West fork of the Monongahela river. 

Urbanna, a post village, capital of Middlesex county, Virginia, 
on Urbanna creek, about 84 miles E. by N. from Richmond. 

Valley, a post office of Tazewell county, Virginia. 
Valley Falls, a post office of Marion county, Virginia. 
Valley Head, a post office of Randolph county, Virginia. 
Van Buren Furnace, a post office of Shenandoah county, Va. 
Van Clevesville, a post office of Berkely county, Virginia. 
Variety Mills, a post office of Nelson county, Virginia, 112 
miles VV. by N. from Richmond. 



400 



PHILADELPHIA SUBSCRIBERS. 



JAS. B. M'FARLAND, \ TAATPq P TATATAK / HENRY BERGHAUSER, 
WM. R.EVANS, / JA^^l^^ i'- -CAIMAN, | jas. R. C. OLDHAM. 

M'FARLAND, EVANS & CO. 

IMPORTERS AND WHOLESALE DEALERS IN 



No. 105 MARKET STHEET, 

And No. 34 CHURCH ALLEY, 

BETWEEN SECOND AND THIRD STREETS, 

YARD, GILLfflORE & CO. 

No. 12 NORTH THIRD STREET, 

WHOLESALE DEALERS IN 

S) & ^ ^^ '^ ^ ^ &> ® ^ 



GLOVES, MITTS AND DRESS TRIMMINGS, 

ALSO, 



^ 



'■I IP ^'iiBi •'lull' 'taiD lliiiiiun 
TOGETHER WITH 

Embroideries, White and Lace Goods, 

To which they invite the attention of Buyers. 



WA GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 401 

Verdierville, a post office of Orange county, Virginia. 

Verdon, a post village of Hanover county, Va., on Little river, 
30 miles North from Richmond. It has a cotton factory. 

VicKSviLLE, a post office of Southampton county, Virginia. 

Wade's, a post office of Bedford county, Virginia. 

Wadestown, a post office of Monongalia county, Virginia. 

Wadesville, a post office of Clarke county, Virginia. 

Wagram, a post office of Accomack county, Virginia. 

Walker's Church, a post office of Appomattox county, Va. 

Walker's Creek, in the S.,W. part of Virginia, rises in Wythe 
county, flows north-eastward, and enters New river in Giles county. 

Walker's Mountain, Virginia. 

Walkerton, a post office of King and Queen county, Virginia, 
on the Mattapony river, 30 miles N. E. from Richmond. 

Wallace, a post office of Harrison county, Virginia. 

Walnut Grove, a post office of Kanawha county, Virginia, 330 
miles W. by N. from Richmond. 

Walnut Hill, a post office of Lee county, Virginia. 

Walton, a post office of Kanawha county, Virginia. 

Wardensville, a post office of Hardy county, Virginia. 

Warminster, a small post village of Nelson county, Virginia, on 
the James river, 100 miles West from Richmond. 

Warm Springs, called also Bath Court House, a post village, 
capital of Bath county, Virginia, 170 miles W. N. W. from Rich- 
mond, is situated in a narrow valley, between two mountain ridges. 
The springs are much frequented during the summer season by inva- 
lids and others. The temperature of the water at all seasons is 98°, 
without the slightest change. The largest spring is 40 feet in di- 
ameter. Fine buildings have been erected for the accommodation 
of visiters. These improvements, together Avith the salubrity of the 
air, and the romantic character of the scenery, render this one of the 
most attractive watering-places in the State. The water contains 
muriate of lime, sulphate of lime, carbonate of lime, and sulphate 
of magnesia. 

Warren, a county in the N. E. part of Virginia, has an area of 
about 250 square miles. It is intersected by the Shenandoah river, 
and also drained by the North fork of the same. The county occu- 
pies part of the great valley bounded on the S. E. by the Blue Ridge. 
The surface is hilly ; the soil mostly good and well watered. Wheat, 
Indian corn, oats, hay and live stock are the staples. In 1850 it 



51 



402 



PHILADELPHIA SUBSCRIBERS. 



■WM. A. DEOTW 

INEaEllA & FMtSOl MllMCTDEEl, 

86 MARKET STHSST, 

Umbrellas and Parasols from this Manufactory cannot be excelled in 
beauty of style and finish, or durability of workmanship. 

Particular care given to the manufacture of Goods adapted 
to a Fine and Stylish Trade. 

WM. A. PEAESOF, 

(FOKMEKLT OF EICHMOND, VA.) 

IS STILL ENGAGED IN THE SALES DEPARTMENT. 

Buyers are solicited to examine the stock before purchasing. 



I 



AiJD IMPOP.TEES OF 

EJYGIjISM, FREJVCH ^ 4^En.JfI^J\* 

IROOS, CHEMICALS AND PERFUMERY, 



D E ALKRS IN 



Medicines, Paints, Oils, Dye Stuffs, Patent 
Medicines, Glassware and Druggists' Ware. 

MANUFACTUEEK3 AND PEOPEIETOES OF 

No, 209 Market Street, North side, above 5th, 



Particular attention paid to the purity and freshness of everj- article. All orders 
packed with security and care. Having extensive and unusual facilities for purchas- 
ing, we are enabled to offer goods at such prices as cannot fail to give satisfaction to 
our customers. 



WA GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA 403 

produced 145,354 bushels of wheat, 128,875 of corn, 25,906 of oats, 
2,119 tons of hay, and 64,185 pounds of butter. There were 40 
flour, grist and saw mills, six distilleries and three tanneries. It 
contained 13 churches, and 484 pupils attending academies and 
schools. Limestone, copper, iron and manganese are abundant. 
It is amply supplied with water-power. The wealth of the county 
has recently been increased by several public works, viz : the Ma- 
nassas Gap railroad, extending to Alexandria ; a plank-road from 
the county seat to Winchester, and two or three turnpikes. Organ- 
ized in 1836. Capital, Front Royal. Population, 6,607, of whom 
4,859 were free and 1,748 slaves. 

Warren, a post village of Albemarle county, Virginia, on James 
river, about 88 miles above Richmond. 

Warrenton, a beautiful town, capital of Fauquier county, Vir- 
ginia, on the turnpike from Alexandria to Charlottesville, 100 miles 
N. by W. from Richmond. It is surrounded by a beautiful and pro- 
ductive country, and has an active business. A branch railroad 
connects the town with the Orange and Alexandria railroad, 10 miles 
distant. Warrenton contains a handsome court house, three or 
four churches, 2 academies, and 2 newspaper offices. Population, 
about 1,500. 

Warrentox Springs, a post office of Fauquier county, Virginia. 

Warsaw, a post village, capital of Richmond county, Virginia, 
70 miles N. E. from Richmond, about three miles from the Rappa- 
hannock river. It contains several stores and about 30 dwellinrrs. 

Warwick, a county in the S. E. part of Virginia, contammg 
about 50 square miles, is situated on a peninsula between Chesa- 
peake bay and the mouth of James river, the latter of which washes 
its Western border. The surface is slightly diversified ; the soil is 
alluvial. The productions are wheat, Indian corn, and sweet pota- 
toes. In 1820 there w^ere raised 61,340 bushels of corn, 10,252 of 
wheat, and 9,844 of sweet potatoes. It contained two churches, 
and 54 pupils attending public schools. Oysters and firewood (oak 
and pine) are important articles of export. Capital, Warwick. 
Population, 1,546, of whom 641 were free, and 905 sla.ves. 

Warwick, a small and handsome village, capital of Warwick 
county, Virginia, is situated near the mouth of James river, about 80 
miles E. N. E. from Richmond. 

Washington, a county in the S. S. W. part of Virginia, border- 
ing on Tennessee, has an area of 484 square miles. It is intersected 



404 



PHILADELPHIA SUBSCRIBERS. 



M. S. SHAPLEIOn. FRANCIS J. EUE. 

SHAPLBIGH & RUB, 
IMPORTERS AND WHOLESALE DEALERS IN 

LINENS, WHITE GOODS, 

e»3m:]ooe^x>:e:o.hes®, cfcso. 

No. 110 MARKET STREET, 



ILLIAM NORRIS, 




ORTH EIGHTH STREET, 

(above arch, west side,) 

^[M!QL/^E)EL!P(MiaAa 

An assortment of PLAIN AND FANCY BLINDS always on hand, at the lowest prices. Old 
Blinds repainted and trimmed equal to new, and JOBBING promptly attended to. 

A handsome assortment of WIISDOW SHADES, of the latest and most Fashionable Patterns, and 
EEED BLINDS constantly on hand, to which we respectfully call the attention of the public. Also, 
STORE SHADES MADE AND LEITERED TO ORDER. Terms, CASH. 

E. J. PKICE & CO. 

IMPORTERS OF 






No. 7 Hart's Building, (Second Story,) 

SIXTH STREET, ABOVE CHESTNUT, 

BOOKS Imported to order from England, France and Germany by every Steamer. 
MONTHLY CATALOGUES OF NEW AND OLD FOREIGN BOOKS furnished 
on application, and any information given in regard to prices, &c. &c. 

A LARGE ASSORTMENT OF 

ARCHITECTURAI, Hmmm, WMMm, SCIENTIFIC 

And Miscellaneous English Literature 

CONSTANTLY ON HAND. 

Confining our business entirely to Foreign Books, purchasers may depend upon 
finding the best assortment at our establishment. 

All New French and English Engravings 

Of the BEST CLASS, received as soon as published. 



WA GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 405 

by the North, Middle, and South forks of Holston river, dividing 
it into three fertile valleys, branches of the great valley of Virginia. 
The Clinch mountain forms the N. W. boundary, and the county is 
traversed by Walker's mountains. Indian corn, wheat, oats, grass, 
and maple sugar are the staples. In 1850 this county produced 
438,900 bushels of corn, 69,264 of wheat, 249,674 of oats and 153,- 
044 pounds of butter. There were 25 flour, grist and saw mills, 
five salt works, two iron furnaces, and two tanneries. It contained 
33 churches, 1,512 pupils attending public schools, and 194 attending 
academies or other schools. This county is no less remarkable for 
its valuable minerals than for its fertile soil and excellent pastures. 
Limestone, gypsum, iron, and stone coal are abundant, and large 
quantities of salt are procured on the N. E. border. The Virginia 
and Tennessee railroad is now in progress through the county. Cap- 
ital, Abingdon. Population, 14,612, of whom 12,481 were free, 
and 2,131 slaves. 

Waterford, a thriving post village of Loudoun county, Virginia, 
on Kittoctan creek, 156 miles North from Richmond, contains two 
churches and several mills. Population estimated at 500. 

Waterloo, a post village of Fauquier county, Virginia, on the 
Rappahannock river, 63 miles W. S. W. from Washington. It 
contains two stores and one mill. 

Watkinsville, a small village of Goochland county, Virginia, 
36 miles West from Richmond. 

Wattsborough, a post office of Lunenburg county, Virginia, 97 
miles S. W. from Richmond. 

Waylandsburg, a post village of Culpepper county, Virginia, 
on^Crooked creek, 102 miles N. N. W. from Richmond. It con- 
tains two mills. 

Wayne, a county in the West part of Virginia, has an area esti- 
mated at 500 square miles. The Ohio river forms its boundary on 
the North, separating it from Ohio, and the Sandy river separates it 
from Kentucky on the West ; it is also drained by Twelvepole 
creek. The surface is broken by numerous hills or ridges, and 
mostly covered with forests. The soil is productive. Indian corn, 
oats, and grass are the staples. The highlands abound in stone 
coal. Ginseng is one of the articles of export. In 1850 the county 
produced 226,800 bushels of corn, 27,785 of oats, and 36,555 
pounds of butter. There were six saw mills, one wool-carding mill 
and two tanneries. It contained nine churches, and 203 pupils at- 



406 



PHILADELPHIA SUBSCRIBERS. 



KoBEET E. Levice, Richard Levick, 'Warneb M. Eabln, Thomas B. Lkvick. 

LEVICK. BROTHER & CO. 






\^- 



EHOOSE m 

No. 223 MARKET STREET, 

(North side, below Sixth Street,) 



lE^ JlL ± 1. SI <X 




We would respectful- 
ly call the attention 
of buyers to the most 
Extensive and Com- 
plete Assortment of 
Goods in our line, 
consisting of every 
variety of 

MEN'S, 
BOYS', 

AND 

CHILDREN'S 



liifi 



AND 

SHOES 

Of all descriptions, and 
of every grade and quality 
of our 

Own City and Eastern Manufacture, 

Which we will offer to buyers on the most reasonable terms. 

From our long experience and ample facilities in the Business, vre feel assured that we can and -will 
offer extra inducements, and shall exert ourselves as heretofore to merit a continuance of the patron- 
age so liberally extended to us, and solicit an examination of our Stock. JS?"rrompt and special 
attention will be given to Orders by Letters. 

LEVICK, BROTHER & CO. 



WE GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 407 

tending public schools. Formed in 1842, out of part of Cabell 
county. Capital, Wayne Court house. Population, 4,760, of 
whom 4,571 were free and 189 slaves. 

Wayne Court House, capital of Wayne county Virginia, 275 
miles in a direct line West from Richmond. Laid out in 1842. 

Waynesborough, a post village of Augusta county, Virginia, on 
or near the Central railroad, and on the South river, at the West 
base of the Blue Ridge, 108 miles W. N, W. from Richmond. The 
village contains two or three churches, and an academy. Pojjula- 
tion estimated at 600. 

Weaversville, a post office of Fauquier county, Virginia, 114 
miles N. by W. from Richmond. 

Webb's Mills, a post office of Ritchie county, Virginia. 

Wellsburg, a thriving post village, capital of Brooke county, 
Virginia, is beautifully situated on the Ohio river, 16 miles above 
Wheeling. It contains five churches, two academies, one bank, 
two newspaper offices, 1 manufactory of cotton, two of glass, one 
of woolen goods, two of stone ware, six flour mills, and one paper 
mill. Rich mines of coal are worked in the vicinity. Population in 
1853, about 3000. 

Wellville, a post-office of Nottoway county, Virginia. 

West Columbia, a thriving post-village of Mason county, Vir- 
ginia, on the Ohio river, 160 miles below Wheeling. It owes its 
growth and importance to the valuable salt springs recently found 
here : 5 or 6 wells have been sunk, and several furnaces put in op- 
eration. Laid out about 1850. 

Western Ford, a post-office of Randolph county, Virginia, 210 
miles N. W. from Richmond. 

Westham Locks, a post-office of Henrico county, Virginia. 

West Liberty, a post-village in Ohio county, Virginia, about 10 
miles N. E. from Wheeling. 

West Milford, a post-office of Harrison county, Virginia. 

Westmoreland, a county in the E. part of Virginia, bordering 
on the Potomac river, which separates it from Maryland, has an area 
of about 170 square miles. It occupies part of the northern neck, a 
peninsula formed by the Potomac and Rappahannock rivers, the for- 
mer of which washes the county on the N. E., and the latter on the 
S. W. It is penetrated by inlets from the Potomac, named Nomini 
bay, and Pope's and Monroe creeks. The surface is somewhat di- 
versified by hills, and partly covered with forests of pine and cedar. 



408 



PHILADELPHIA SUBSCRIBERS. 



C. B. KOGEH'S 



iJ 



MmiSOOilD 



V 



T* 12: 1 Xj a^ x> :e3 Xj IF* X3: i .-^ , 

MANUPACTUHER OP 

Mowing and Reaping Machines, Ammoniated Super 
Phosphate Lime, Chemical Fertilizer, Bone Bust, 



I^o^-lor* 130. C3r"o.O;3:x<o, €&:€^m 



Al^Ii THE MOST APPROVED 

AGRICOLIDRAL Ai HORTICDLTDRAL 



MADE TO ORDER. 



Dealer in Imported and American Field and 
Garden Seed, Slc. Sec. 

INVENTOR AND MANUFACTURER OF THE 



Cast Steel Extending Point Surface & Subsoil 




WE 



GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 



409 



The soil near the rivers is fertile. Indian corn, wheat, and oats are 
cultivated. The waters abound with fish and oysters, and firewood 
is one of the chief exports. In 1850 this county produced 269,115 
bushels of corn; 82,774 of wheat, and 7897 of oats. It contained 1 
wheelwright establishment, 2 coach and 1 saddle manufactory, and 
1 tannery ; 13 churches, and 300 pupils attending public schools. 
Westmoreland county is distinguished as the birth-place of two 




Presidents of the republic, Washington and Monroe, and also of 
Richard Henry Lee. The spot on which Washington w^as born, half 
a mile from the Potomac, is marked with a stone bearing this inscrip- 
tion, "Here, on the 11th of February, (O. S.,) 1732, George Wash 
ington was born. Capital, Westmoreland Court House. Popula- 
tion 8,080 ; of whom 4,523 were free, and 3,557 slaves. 

Westmoreland Court House, a village, capital of Weistmore- 
land county, Virginia, 65 miles N. E. from Eichraond. 



52 



410 



PHILADELPHIA SUBSCRIBERS. 



THREE SILVER MEDALS. 



c>o 



l=Q 



C^xP 










?^ 






GEORGE W. ZIIHERMAN, 



ABOVE SECOND, 



A Silver Medal 

AWARDED FROM 

LONDON. BOSTON, AND BALTIMORE. 



WH GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 411 

Weston, a post village, capital of Lewis county,Virginia, on the 
West fork of Monongahela river, 278 miles N. W. from Richmond. 
The hills in this vicinity abound in coal. Weston is connected by 
turnpike with Fairmont. The village has one bank. Population 
about 300. 

West Union, a post village of Doddridge county, Virginia, on 
Middle Island creek, and on the turnpike from Winchester to Par- 
kersburg, 300 miles N. W. from Richmond. Lumber is exported 
from this vicinity by flat-boats and rafts. 

West Union, a village of Marshall county, Virginia, 12 miles 
S. E. from Wheeling. 

West View, a post village of Augusta county, Virginia, six 
miles West of Staunton. It has two stores. 

West Warren, a small village ofMonongalia county, Virginia. 

Wetzel, a new county in the N. W. part of Virginia, bordering 
on Pennsylvania, and on the Ohio river, which separates it from the 
State of Ohio ; area, about 250 square miles. It is drained by Fish- 
ing creek and branches. The surface is exceedingly hilly ; the soil 
of the river bottoms is excellent, and of the uplands moderately fer- 
tile. Indian corn, wheat, oats, hay, cattle and pork are the staples. 
In 1850 this county produced 124,198 bushels of corn, 12,162 of 
wheat, 22,266 of oats ; 1,440 tons of hay, and 46,327 pounds of 
butter. It contained five saw mills, two saddlery shops, and 78 pu- 
pils attending public schools. The county contains stone coal. 
The Baltimore and Ohio railroad passes along the N. E. border. 
Formed a few years ago out of part of Tyler county. Capital, New 
Martinsville. Population, 4,284 of whom 4,267 and 17 slaves. 

Wheatland, a post office of Loudoun county, Virginia. 

Wheatley, a post office of Fauquier county, Virginia. 

Wheeling, a city and port of entry of Virginia, and capital of 
Ohio county. The sight now occupied by the city of Wheeling was 
first settled by white men in 1770, five years after the treaty with 
the Indians at Fort Pitt, effected by the Military expedition of Col- 
onel Boquet to the Muskingdom. -The settlement was made during 
the tranquillity and friendly intercourse between the whites and In- 
dians, which succeeded that treaty, and almost simultaneous with 
several other settlements in this region and along the borders of the 
Alleghany and Monongahela rivers, which were then free from In- 
dian depredations. In 1774 the hostility of the Indians was re- 
newed, awakened afresh at that time, it is generally conceded, by 



412 



PHILADELPHIA SUBSCRIBERS. 



JAMES SMITH & CO. 

MANUFACTURERS OF ALL KINDS OF 

rwOT 



C\ IE) 



For Cotton or Woolen Machinery, 

Warranted of Superior quality . 

Leather retanned, and Wire of the best English Stock. 

MANUFACTORY AT THE CORNER OF 

Marshall & Willow Sts.j North of Franklin Square, 

13? 1^ a IJ» ^ H) IB 12> ]^ ^ a 4X * 



CONSTANTLY ON HAND, 

Comb Plate, Comb Cleaners, Belting and Band Leather, 

Tacks and Rivets, Remnants of Card Leather, Laces, 

Rubber and Picker Leather. 



ROBIHSOH & ALLE 



WHOLESALE DEALERS IN 









a mum Mffii, 

HATS, BRUSHES, BASKETS, &c. 

No. 83i NORTH THIRD STREET, 

(ABOVE AECII, EAST SIDE,) 



WH GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 413 

the cruel massacre at Yellow Creek, between Fort Pitt and Wheel- 
ing, of the family of Logan, a chief of the Mingo tribe. The bloody- 
alliance of the Indians with the British followed soon after, and with 
it that protracted border warfare which made almost every hill and 
valley along the Ohio the scene of some sanguinary conflict. 

The first settlement was made here by Colonel Ebenezer Zane 
and his brothers, Jonathan, Isaac and Silas. Prominent also among 
the early pioneers and settlers were Lewis Wetzel, Samuel McCol- 
loch, Adam Poe and his brother. The hardships and dangers en- 
countered by these men deserve an abiding place in the annals of 
our country. I have incidentally obtained portions of their history 
that for thrilling interest have rarely been surpassed, but which, if 
at all appropriate to this work, would swell it far beyond its allotted 
limits. It is to be hoped that the historian will yet do justice to 
their memories. Suffice it to say that some of them lived to see the 
haunts of the savage and the fields of their heroic courage converted 
into abodes of civilization and refinement; and many of their de- 
scendants, who have long been among our most worthy citizens, 
have seen the "waste places made glad, and the desert blossom as 
the rose." 

The city is finely situated on the East bank of the Ohio river, 
and on both sides of Wheeling creek, 92 miles below Pittsburg, 365 
miles above Cincinnati, 350 miles N. W. from Richmond, and about 
630 feet above the level of the sea. Lat. 40° 1' N., Ion. 80° 42' 
W. The site is a narrow alluvial tract, overlooked by precipitous 
hills, and extending about two miles along the river. Wheeling is 
the most important place on the river between Petersburg and Cin- 
cinnati, and in respect to trade, manufactures and population, the 
most considerable town of Western Virginia. It contains a fine 
court house, about 14 churches, two academies, three banks, aggre- 
gate capital above $1,400,000, and a savings institution. Four or 
five newspapers are published here. The town is supplied by wa- 
ter raised from the river by machinery. The National road crosses 
the river at Zane's Island, opposite the city, by a beautiful wire 
suspension bridge, the span of which is one of the longest in the 
world, measuring 1,010 feet. The height of the towers is 153 feet 
above low-water mark, and 60 feet above the abutments. The 
bridge is supported by 12 wire cables, each 1,380 feet in length and 
4 inches in diameter. The cost of this structure is estimated at 
^210,000. Wheeling is the Western terminus of the Baltimore and 



414 



PHILADELPHIA SUBSCRIBERS. 




CHESTMUT STREET, 

C. J. MAC LELLAN, 

(Formerly of this Hotel, but more recently of Jones' Hotel,) 

Has the pleasure to inform his Friends and the Traveling Public, that he 
has leased this well-known and favorite HOTEL, for a term of years, and 
is fully prepared for the reception of Guests. The House and Furniture 
have been put in first rate order, the rooms are large and comfortable. Its 
local advantages are too well known to need comment. 

THE TABLE will always be supplied with the BEST, and the pro- 
prietor pledges himself that no effort shall be wanting to make the UNI- 
TED STATES equal in all respects to any Hotel in the City of Brotherly 
Love. ,5^"Your patronage is respectfully solicited. 




CHESTNUT STREET, 

NEAR THIRD, 

PARKEH & LAYRD, 

PROPRIETORS. 



This Celebrated HOTEL is the best located in the city for Merchants and Stran- 
gers, being near the Post Office, Banks, and the Wholesale Stores. 

OMNIBUSES will be in waiting at the Cars and Steamers to convey passengers 
to this Hotel. BOARD PER DAY, $1 50. 



HJ^The FRANKLIN is a FIRST-CLASS HOTEL, and all who will visit it 
will be fully satisfied. — [Editor. 



BALTIMORE AND OHIO RAILROAD. 415 

Ohio railroad, 380 miles long, finished in 1853, and of the Hemp- 
field railroad, which joins the Pennsylvania railroad at Greensburg. 
The Cleveland and Pittsburg railroad is to be extended from Wells- 
ville to this city, and the Central Ohio, and the Cincinnati and 
Marietta railroad, are now finished, and will open a more di- 
rect communication with the Western States. In 1852 38 steam- 
boats were owned in this place, with an aggregate tonnage of 6,843 
tons. During the same year, 10 steamboats and two other vessels 
were built, with a burthen of 1746 tons. The hills which rise in 
the immediate vicinity contain inexhaustible beds of coal, which 
supply fuel at a small expense to the numerous manufactories of 
Wheeling. In 1850 it contained four iron foundries, three forges, 
three manufactories of nails, five of glass ware, two or three of cot- 
ton goods, three of paper, 1 of steam engines, one of silk goods, and 
two of wire. Flour, woolen goods, whitelead, and other articles are 
produced here. Wheeling became the capital of the county in 1797. 
In 1802 it contained about 70 houses. Population in 1820, 1567 ; 
in 1830, 5221 ; in 1840, 7885 ; in 1850, 11,391, exclusive of West 
Wheeling, which had 438 inhabitants ; and in 1854 about 20,000. 



-«0"»- <««>» 4 ^' 



DESCRIPTION 

Of the line of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad from Baltimore to 

Wheeling. 

The Mount Clare Station of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad was 
established in 1829, at what was then the extreme western end of 
Pratt street, (Baltimore,) and indeed some distance beyond the 
paved part of the street. Here, surrounded by some rough sheds, 
was planted the little box at which tickets were sold for an excur- 
sion to the Carrollton Viaduct, one mile out ; this being the length 
of the road when business began to be done upon it, and a revenue 
to be collected from those who visited a Railway as an object of cu- 
riosity, to be seen and felt for the first time. The station has since 
grown to be a vast area of some forty acres, a large proportion of it 
covered by buildings of every si^^e and shape, and a reticulation of 
tracks of which it would puzzle the eye to pursue the numerous 
lines and intersections. When the track was extended into the city 
and carried through many of its principal streets by numerous 
branches, the Mount Clare (at first the ojdy) became the " outer " 



416 



PHILADELPHIA SUBSCRIBERS. 



PHILADELPHIA 




No. 4§ MARKET STREET. 
ESTABLISHED 50 YEARS SINCE BY GEO. M. COATES. 

The present Proprietor, from twenty years' experience in the business, is enabled 
to supply Genuine and Fresh 



Of the very Purest and Choicest Varieties. 

The Gardeners that Supply the Philadelphia Markets with Vegeta- 
bles, prefer these Seeds to any other they can procure. 



FLOWER SEEDS, BIRD SEEDS, &c. &c. 

tC^ DEALERS and others will serve Iheir interests, by procuring the above 
SEEDS; they give entire satisfaction whenever taken, and generally supersede all 
others. 

|I3= CATALOGUES will be forwarded upon application. 

HENRY L. TRIPLER. 

SOUTHERN PLANTERS 

WHO WISH TO IMPROVE POOR AND WORN OUT LAND, USE 



CELEBRATED 



SinFrimn ^frrtilistr. 

FOR THE «ROWI\Ci OF 

TOBACCO, WDEAT, Rl, OATS, CORSi, POTATOES AXD GRASS. 

It has no equal, and at only |l'25 a Ton of 2240 lbs. Gross in Casks, de- 
livered free of porterage to any point in the City. 

l^f^MR. BAEKESDALE, of Virginia, used it in 1S53 and 1S54 upon his Tobacco Plants, and says 
it exceeded any thing he ever used. 

H^^It has been in Public Use and favor for the last Four Tears, both in the I'nited States and in 
the Islands of Bermuda and Barbadoes, as a Eenovator of the Soil superior to nil other Alanures. Can 
be had of the PEOPKIETOK, 

G-. A. LEINAU, 
No. 19 South Front Street, Philadelphia, Pa. 

IC^DRAFTS on any Good House in Philadelphia received in payment. 



GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 417 

station, and the "inner station " was located upon Charles street, 
between Pratt and Camden streets, and within a few steps of the 
head of the Basin. It was afterward removed to Pratt street, below 
Charles, where it remained until the opening of the road to Wheel- 
ing. It was here also for a number of years that the Passenger sta- 
tion of the Philadelphia Railroad was located, the two lines meet- 
ing under a common roof. The Philadelphia has sometime since 
removed towards the eastern section of the ctiy, and the Baltimore 
and Ohio Railroad has also removed its inner station to the spacious 
grounds recently purchased between Camden and Lee streets on the 
North and South, and Howard and Eutaw streets on the East and 
West. 

The new station is reached through the " Locust Point Branch," 
which leaves the original Main Stem of the road near the Carrollton 
Viaduct, at the western boundary of the city. The branch will 
henceforward become the trunk, as the transportation business of the 
Company will be chiefly concentrated at the new station, and the 
Mount Clare will be devoted principally to the machinery depart- 
ment. 

Leaving the city, we cross the Carrollton Viaduct, a fine bridge 
of dressed granite, with an arch of eighty feet span, over Gwyn's 
Falls ; after which the road soon reaches the long and deep excava- 
tion under the Washington Turnpike, which is carried over the 
Railroad by the "Jackson Bridge." Less than a mile further the 
" deep cut " is encountered, famous for its diflSculties in the early 
history of the road. It is seventy-six feet in extreme depth and 
nearly half a mile in length, and the traces of the slides and gulley- 
ings of twenty odd years are to be seen upon its furrowed sides, 
tinted with various ochrous colors of the richest hue. Beyond this 
the road crosses the deep ravine of Robert's Run, and, skirting the 
ore banks of the old Baltimore Iron Company, now covered by a 
dense forest of cedar trees, comes to the long and deep embankment 
over the valley of Gadsby's Run and the heavy cut through Vinegar 
Hill immediately following it. The " Relay House," eight miles 
from the inner station, is then reached, where, as the name imports, 
there was a change of horses during the period which those animals 
furnished the motive power of the road. 

At this point the open country of sand and clay ends, and the re- 
gion of rock begins at the entrance to the gorge of the Patapsco 
river. In entering this defile you have a fine view of the " Thomas 

53 



418 



NEW YORK SUBSCRIBERS. 




LOOKING GLASS 



e^fiSjtiD 



♦^-.i^^" 



AND 

MANUFACTORY. 

This Establishment, by far the largest in the U.S., possess- 
es many ndv-intagoa in variety and extensiveness of Stock 
over all others, and from the longestablislicd and continued 
increase of trade from all parts of the Union, enables the 
proprietor to dispose of his articles at less prices than any 
other in his line of business, and respectfully requests his 
friends and the public to call and examine his large stock 
of LOOKING GLASSES AND PICTURE FUAMES, 
previous to going elsewhere, as the subscriber assures them 
that they will find it to their decided advantage in so doing. 
Gilding in all its branches. On hand, Rosewood, Walnut, 
Gilt and Mahogany Jlouldings. S3sr~ Particular attention 
given to all orders. N«s. CI, 67, 69 it 71 ForsytU 
street, New Yorli. Communications by mail. 

S. J. SIGLER. 




As some Manufacturers in Philadelphia claim on their show-bills to have received Premiums at the 
Fairs in New York, held IfcOO aud Ibbl, the following Certitioate has been obtained : 

Amkrican Institute, March 29, 1854. 

This is to certify that Mr. JOHN VAN DEVENTER received the First Premium for Paste Black- 
ing at the 28d and a^th Annual Fairs of the American Institute in the City of New York, in the 
years 1850 and 1851- JullN W. CHAMBERS, ,sW7Y/arv "f the Premium C<mimiUec. 

The followhig testimonial was received from Dr. JAMES R. CHILTON, Chemist, New York : 

Having for several years p.ist used the OtLi PAS'l'K BLiACKlNG, manufactured by John Van 
Deventer, and having tested its properties as compared with many other kinds of Paste Blacking 
which have come under my notice, while acting as one of the judges of the Fairs of the American 
Institute, I can with confidence recommend it as^ the best article of the kind which I have yet examined. 

New York, March 10, 1S52. JAMES E. CHILTON, M. D. 

aOHiV VAIV OEVKNTER, Deai.kr in Oils, Paints, Deugs, &c. Also, Wholesale Agent 
for IIvatt'8 Celebrated Matches. Wholesale Agents: E. H. Stabler Si Co., Baltimore: A. D. 
Grief & Co., New Orleans; Davison, CavjiiiagU & Co., Mobile; Warreu Bryant, Buf- 
talo; Mathieson & Smith, Hamilton, C W.; aud most other prominent Merchants and Dealers 
hroughout the United States and Canadas. 



GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 419 

Viaduct," (named after the first President of the Company,) a noble 
granite structure of eight elliptic arches, each of about sixty chord, 
spanning the stream at a height of sixty-six feet above the bed, and 
of a total length of some seven hundred feet. This bridge belongs 
to the Washington Branch Road, which departs from the Main Line 
at this place. The pretty village of Elkridge Landing is in sight, 
and upon the surrounding heights are seen a number of country seats 
belonging to men of business who reside here during the summer, 
tempted by ihe beauty of the spot and the facilities of access which 
the Railroad affords. 

The road now pursues its devious course up the river, passing the 
Avalon Iron Works a mile beyond the Relay House, and coming in 
a couple of miles farther, to the Patterson Viaduct, a fine granite 
bridge of two arches of fifty-five, and two of twenty feet span. This 
bridge crosses the river at the Ilchester Mill, situated at a very rug- 
ged part of the ravine. The Thistle Cotton Factory appears imme- 
diately beyond, and soon after Gray's Cotton Factory, and then the 
well known and flourishing town of " Ellicott's Mills," fourteen 
miles from Baltimore, covering the bottom and slopes of the steep 
hills with dwellings and their tops with 'churches and other public 
edifices. The Frederick Turnpike road passes through the town 
here, and is crossed by the railroad upon the " Oliver Viaduct," a 
handsome stone bridge of three arches of twenty feet span. Just 
beyond this bridge is the Tarpeian rock, a bold insulated mass of 
granite, between which and the body of the cliff the Railroad edges 
its way. Haifa mile further w^e see the extensive buildings of the 
Union Cotton Factory scattered over the opposite hill side, and from 
between two of the mills a fine cascade pouring incessantly down 
from the race into the river. 

The road next comes in sight of the Elysville Factory buildings, 
where at a circuitous bend it crosses the river upon a viaduct of 
three timber arches, each of one hundred and ten feet span, and al- 
most immediately recrosses it upon one of two arches of one hundred 
and fifty feet span. Thence it follows the windings of the stream to 
the " Forks," twenty-five miles from Baltimore, where, by a deep 
cut through a narrow neck, it turns the western branch of the river, 
and thus crosses its former channel twice without a bridge. Passing 
the Marriottsville limestone quarries, the road then crosses the Pa-- 
tapsco by an iron bridge fifty feet span, and dashes through a sharp 
spur of the hill by a tunnel four hundred feet long, in mica slate rock 



420 NEW YORK SUBSCRIBERS. 

Excelsior!— World's Fair Premium! 



DANIEL D. "WINANT, 




(The oldest and most Extensive Manufactory of the kind in America,) 
BETWEEN BEEKMAN AND SPRUCE STREETS, 

N HlXr YORK, 



EVERY THING IN THE LINE FURNISHED AT TEN PER CENT- 
LESS THAN ANY OTHER ESTABLISHMENT IN THE CITY. 



Jl®^' Tables, Balls, Maces, Cues ; Cloths by tte Piece or Yard ; 
Gibe's Adhesive Cue Wax, Sick and Worsted Pockets, Fringes, 
French and American Patent Cue Points, Cord, Pool Boards, 
KuLE Boards, Spanish Pins, &c. Iu short, every thing in the 
Trade always to be had. 

^^^ORDERS by Letter, for New Articles or Repairs, attended to as promptly as 
if given in person. 

IMPORTANT TO BILLIARD PLAYERS. 

FOR SALE AT THE OFFICE OF PUBLICATION, 

71 GOLD STREET, NEW YORK, 

X=*Xl.XOX3 $3.00. 

BILLIARDS WITHOUT A MASTER, 

Sy Jflichiiel Phelan, 

The above-named work, the first American publication of the kind, is illustrated by fifty fine cop- 
per plate diagrams, each containing from one to twenty-four shots, from which sufficient knowledge 
may be acquired to enable the player to accomplish any possible stroke on the billiard table, all of 
which are fully explained on the pages opposite to the respective plates. The work contains an in- 
valuable and original invention in the shape of a chart or scale of strengths necessary to be used in 
making each shot, of an arrangement bo simple that it can be comprehended by all, and will be found 
of the highest importance to the novice and amateur, as every shot there delineated has been gradu- 
ated by it, and the quantity of strength necessary to be used is given in the description annexed to each 
plate. It contains, also, a full and complete set of rules for the government of the game of billiards, 
and the various games of pool ; hints to players; advice to amateurs, with a variety of explanations, 
interesting to all connected with billiards or billiard playing. To keepers of billiard rooms, the "Rules" 
are worth more than the price of the work, and the hints and the advice are invaluable. Accompa- 
nying the work is a treatise on the origin, rise, and progress of the game. It is also embellished by a 
fine steel plate frontispiece, showing a billiard table and players iu position. The above work is the 
most complete one of the kind ever produced in any part of the world, and the only one in which the 
theoretical science and philosophy of the game has ever been explained. 



GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 421 

which forms a substantial roof without other support. For a mile or 
two beyond this the road runs along pretty meadow lands, but soon 
re-enters a crooked gorge, which it follows with many diversions of 
the stream from its original bed, as far as Sykesville, a village pret- 
tily situated at an opening in the valley and showing a mill and cot- 
ton factory. This point is thirty miles from Baltimore, and the road 
after leaving it encounters some rough cutting through points of hard 
rock, after which it again emerges upon a comparatively open coun- 
try, and after passing one or two rocky hills at Hood's Mill, it leaves 
the granite region and enters upon the gentle slopes of the slate hills, 
among which the river meanders until we reach the foot of " Parr's 
Ridge," dividing the waters of the Patapsco from those of the Poto- 
mac. The road crossed this ridge at first by four inclined planes, 
(two on each side of the ridge,) intended to be worked by stationary 
power, which was however never applied, as before the trade of the 
road would have justified its use a new location was made in 1838, 
and a grade of eighty-two feet per mile with a cut of fifty feet at the 
summit was substituted for the planes, the steepest of which had 
upon it an inclination of about three hundred and sixty feet per mile. 
The new road of about five miles in length, crosses the ridge north 
of the old and is but little longer. 

From the summit of the ridge at the Mount Airy Station, forty- 
four miles from Baltimore, is a noble view Westward across the 
Fredericktown Valley, and as far as the Catoctin Mountain some 
fifteen miles distant. The road thence descends the valley of Bush 
Creek, a stream of moderate curves and gentle slopes, with a few 
exceptions, where it breaks through some ranges of trap rocks, 
which interpose themselves among the softer shales. The Monrovia 
and Ijamsville Stations are passed at Bush Creek. The slates ter- 
minate at the Monocacy River, and the limestone of the Frederick- 
town Valley commences. That river is crossed by a bridge of three 
timber spans one hundred and ten feet each, and elevated about forty 
feet above its bed. At this point, fifty-seven miles from Baltimore, 
the Frederick Branch, of three miles in length, leaves the Main Road 
and terminates at the city of that name, the centre of one of the most 
fertile, populous, and wealthy sections of Maryland. 

From the Monocacy to the Point of Rocks, the road having es- 
caped from the narrow winding valleys to which it has thus far been 
confined, bounds away over the beautiful champaign country lying 
between that river and the Catoctin Mountain. This rolling region 



422 



NEW YORK SUBSCRIBERS. 



ENAIViELED FURNITURE. 




^T&. G >§^ 



MANUFACTURERS OF THIS STYLE OF 




Would respectfully 
invite the attention 
of the trade and pur- 
chasers generally, to 
the substantial and 
heautiful produc- 
tions of their manu- 
facture. They have quite a variety of styles and patterns, and 
in the Ornamental Department endeavor to produce a pleasing 
variety. The 



On our Furniture are executed by Artists of superior merit. 
We will make to order one or more suits of furniture in a style 

to assimilate with the peculiar 
architecture of a house. 

We received from the Ameri- 
if*i n.i:>' *'-'^'^--'"^iii R-^^ can Institute, 1853, a 

fe^^ ^^ -^■^■'tT^mJ ^:f^^m I> X I* Xa O IRffi -A. 

FOR A SUIT OF 

FURNITURE 

or our ot^m 9JfIanura€i:f€r€9 

A LSO A 

Diploma from the New York Stale Agricultural Fair, 

HELD AT HAmLTON SQUARE, 1854. 




Orders solicited, and articles carefully boxed and shipped to 
any part of the United States. 

BRIGGS & VICKRERB, 

No. 6 SULLIVAN STREET, N. Y. 



GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA 423 

of rich limestone land is the garden of the State, and contains the 
celebrated Carrollton Manor. The line for upwards of eleven miles 
consists of long straight stretches and fine sweeping curves, and lies 
near the gently rolling surface of the ground with little cutting or 
filling. On approaching the " Point of Rocks," it passes by a 
cut of some extent through the ridge of breccia marble, from which 
the beautiful material of the columns in the Senate Chamber and 
Hall of Representatives of the Capitol at Washington was obtained. 

The " Point of Rocks," celebrated in the contest between the 
Railroad and Canal Companies, is formed by the bold profile of the 
Catoctin Mountain, against the base of which the Potomac River 
runs on the Maryland side, the mountain towering up on the oppo- 
site, Virginia, shore, forming the other barrier of the pass. Here, 
sixty-nine miles from Baltimore and forty-eight from Washington, 
the Canal and Railroad first came side by side, and a village has 
arisen. There is also a bridge over the river, which is about a quar- 
ter of a mile wide. The Railroad turns the promontory by an ab- 
rupt curve, and is partly cut out of the rock precipice on the right, 
and partly supported on the inner side of the Canal on the left by a 
stone wall of considerable length. Two miles further another cliff 
occurs, accompanied by more excavation and walling. From hence 
the ground becomes comparatively smooth, and the Railroad, leaving 
the immediate margin of the river to the Canal, runs along the base 
of the gently sloping hills, passing the villages of Berlin and Knox- 
ville, and reaching the " Weverton Factories" in the pass of the 
South Mountain. 

From this point to Harper's Ferry the road lies along the foot of 
a precipice for the greater part of the distance of three miles, the last 
of which is immediately under the lofty cliffs of Elk Mountain, form- 
ing the north side of this noted pass. The Shenandoah river enters 
the Potomac immediately below the bridge over the latter, and their 
united currents rush rapidly over the broad ledges of rock which 
stretch across their bed. The length of the bridge is about nine 
hundred feet, and at its western end it divides into two, the left hand 
branch connecting with the Winchester and Potomac Railroad which 
passes directly up the Shenandoah, and the right hand carrying the 
Main Road, by a strong curve in that direction, up the Potomac. 
The bridge consists of six arches of one hundred and thirty, and one 
arch of about seventy-five feet span over the river, and an arch of 
about one hundred feet span over the canal; all of wdiich are of 




424 NEW YORK SUBSCRIBERS. 

WORLD'S FAIR MEDAL 

FOR 

"Was awarded, with special commendation for Design, Superior Workmanship and 

Moderate Price, to 

M. J. DRUMMOND, 

331 GRAND STREET, 



M. J. D. flatters himself that the number of years he has been before his brethren, 
has inspired that confidence in him which every true Mason should entertain for his 
brother. 

.pEr-Every Style of Regalia, from the E. A. to the Knight Templar in the York 
Rite, including Jewels, Robes, Working Tools, and all Paraphernalia required in — 
Chapter or Encampment, in the most correct style and the lowest prices. Also, in 
the Scottish Rite, from the 1st to the 33d degree. ^S^I. 0. 0. F., Sons of Temper- 
ance and Secret Societies generally. M. Mason Aprons, from 50 cts. to $20; R. A. do. 
from $i to $25. Collars for a lodge from $12 the set, to $200. Jewels of fine silver 
for Officers for $25 and upwards. Certificates, &c. 

ilvery ORDER will be punctually executed.*"®^ 



V 



SA VERY'S 
TELEOBAPH AND DININQ SALOON, 

p^o- 1-3: :]Ooois.33a.^-33. St. 

N B W^ YORK. 

(KEPT ON THE EUROPEAN PLAN.) 

MEALS AT ALL HOURS OF THE DAY. 

imim ROOMS, FROM $2 TO $3 PER WEEK, OR 50 OEMS PER KIGOT. 



JOHN S. SAVERY, Proprietor ; BELA SAWYER, Supt. 

« ^•» » 

The Subscriber having just completed the enlargement of the above spacious HOTEL and DIN- 
ING SALOON, Nos. 14 BEEKMAN and 142 NASSAU STREETS, New York, would respectfully 
inform his patrons and the traveling public generally, that he is now prepared to furnish Single and 
Double Rooms for Single Gentleiueu aud Families, fitted up with new and elegant Furniture, Bed- 
ding, &c. 

By strict attention to the wants of his guests, and the civility of his waiters, the subscriber hopes to 
secure the approbation and permanent custom of those who may favor him with a call. 



GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 425 

timber and iron and covered in, except the AVfestern arch connected 
with the Winchester and Potomac Railroad, which is entirely of 
iron,* excepting the floor. This viaduct is not so remarkable for 
its length as for its peculiar structure, the two ends of it being 
curved in opposite directions and bifurcated at the western extremity. 
Harper's Ferry and all its fine points of scenery are too well known 
to need description here. The precipitous mountains which rise 
from the water's edge leave little level ground on the river margin, 
and all of that is occupied by the United States Armory buildings. 
Hence the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad has been obliged to build 
itself a road in the river bed for upwards of half a mile along the 
outer boundary of the Government Works, upon a trestle w^ork rest- 
ing on the side next the river, upon an insulated wall of masonry, 
and upon the other side upon square stone columns placed upon the 
retaining w^all of the Armory grounds. After passing the upper- 
most building, the road runs along upon the outer bank of the Ca- 
nal which brings the water of the river to the works, and soon crosses 
this Canal by a stone and timber bridge one hundred and fifty feet 
span. Thence the road passes up the river on the inner side of the 
Canal, and opposite the dam at its head, about one and three-quar- 
ters of a mile from the mouth of the Shenandoah, pierces a project- 
ing rock by a tunnel or gallery of eighty feet in length. 

The view down the river through this perforation is singularly 
picturesque, and presents the pass through the mountain at the con- 
fluence of the rivers in one of its most remarkable aspects. A short 
distance above the tunnel, where the river sweeps gradually round 
to the eastward in the broad smooth sheet of water created by the 
dam, the Railroad leaves the Potomac and passes up the ravine of 
Elk Branch which presents itself at this point in a favorable direc- 
tion ; this ravine, at first narrow and serpentine, becomes wider and 
more direct until it almost loses itself in the rolling table land which 
characterizes the " Valley of Virginia." The head of Elk Branch 
is reached in about nine miles, and thence the line descends gradu- 
ally over an undulating champaign country, to the crossing of the 
" Opequa" Creek, which it passes by a stone and timber viaduct of 
one hundred and fifty feet span and forty feet above the water sur- 
face. Beyond the crossing the road enters the open valley of Tus- 
carora Creek which it crosses twice and pursues to the town of Mar- 

^■'The "Winchester Span," (which is of iron,) is one of BoUman's Patent Eail 
Eoad Bridges. 

64 



426 



NEW YORK SUBSCRIBERS. 



the: 



AIR! SEWIMG MACHiE COMPANY, 



25X ^ 



rt o -a. u "v^ ja. 



Have constantl}- on band a large assortment of every variety of 



THE IMPROVED TWO NEEDLE IVIACHINE, 

Which received the First Premium of a 

Silver Medal, at the New York Crystal Palace. 

This Patent has heen recently purchased by the French Gov- 
ernment, who use these Machines in large numbers in the man- 
ufacture of clothing for the army and navy. 

The rapidity with which it works, and the great strength of 
its stitch, are qualities in which it has no rival. For Bagging, 
Ticking, Stout Cloths and Cassimeres, and all kinds of work 
where strength of seam is required, it is the best machine in 
use. We have also superior 

Of several varieties, expressly adapted to different styles of 
work. For 

SADDLERS AND HARNESS MAKERS, 

We have a very strong and elegant Machine. 



Tailors and Families will find here a Machine of great sim- 
plicity which works equally well on material of any thickness. 

Any persons wishing Machines for any kind of cloth or 
leather work, can be sure of finding the thing they want at 

251 BROADW^AY, 

(opposite the PARK;) 

Price of Machines $50 to $100. 



GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 427 

tinsburg, eighteen miles from Harper's Ferry. At Martinsburg the 
Tuscarora is again bridged twice, the crossing east of the 
town being made upon a viaduct of ten spans of forty-four feet 
each, of timber and iron, supported by tw^o abutments and eighteen 
stone columns in the Doric style, and which have a very agreeable 
achitectural effect. The Company have erected here large engine 
houses and workshops, and have made it one of their principal sta- 
tions for the shelter and repair of their machinery, a measure that 
has greatly promoted the prosperity of the town, which like many of 
the old Virginia villages had previously been in a stagnant state for 
an almost immemorial period. 

Westward from Martinsburg the route for eight miles continues its 
course over the open country, arternately ascending and descending 
until it strikes the foot of the North Mountain and crossing it by a 
long excavation, sixty-three feet deep, in slate rock, through a de- 
pression therein, passes out of the " Valley," having traversed its 
entire breadth upon a line twenty-six miles in length. The soil of 
the valley is limestone, with slight exceptions, and of great fertility. 
On leaving these rich and well tilledlands we enter a poor and thinly 
settled district, covered chiefly with a forest in which stunted pine 
prevails. The route encounters heavy excavation and embankment 
for four or five miles from the North Mountain, and crosses Back 
Creek upon a stone viaduct of a single arch of eighty feet span and 
fifty-four feet above the stream. The view across and up the Poto- 
mac valley is magnificent as you approach this bridge, and extends 
as far as the distant mountain range of Sideling hill twenty-five miles 
to the West. The immediate margin of the river is reached at a 
point opposite Fort Frederick on the Maryland side, an ancient 
stronghold, erected a hundred years ago and still in pretty good pre- 
servation. 

From this point, thirty miles from Harper's Ferry, the route fol- 
lows the Virginia shore of the river upon bottom lands, interrupted 
only by the rocky bluffs opposite Licking Creek, fqr ten miles to 
Hancock. The only considerable stream crossed in this distance is 
Sleepy Creek, which is passed by a viaduct of two spans of one 
hundred and ten feet each. Hancock is in Maryland, and although 
a town of no great size or importance, makes some show when seen 
across the river from the station atthe mouth of Warm Spring Run. 

The route from Hancock to Cumberland pursues the margin of the 
Potomac river, with four exceptions. The first occurs at Doe Gul- 



428 



NEW YORK SUBSCRIBERS. 



WHITHEY & JOCELYH, 




AND 




58 & 60 FULTON STREET, 

N.B— The Largest Wood Engraving Establishment in 
the United States. 



REFERENCES FOR THE QUALITY AND STYLE OF ENGRAVINGS 
MADE BY THIS FIRM, VIZ : 

D. APPLETON & CO. Messrs. HAKPEK & BROS. 

J. H. COLTON & CO. F. 0. C. DARLEY. 

T. ADDISON RICHARDS, 
Witli many more Publisliers and Artists. 

P. S. — The subscribers being connected in the Electrotype 
and Engraving Business, are enabled, by their many facilities, 
to execute large Government, State, or other contracts, in illus- 
trating all kinds of historical, geographical or statistical Books. 

ORDERS for Engraving Buildings, Machinery, &c., solicited. 

H^^Prices moderate, but vary according to the style of En- 
graving. 



WHITNEY & JOCELYI 



u^u- KC- JOCTJESILi-S^lXr^S 



WOOD fflGRAMG ill ELECTROTIPE 

ESTABLISHMEMT, 



GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 429 

ley^ eighteen miles above Hancock, where by a tunnel of 1,200 feet 
in length, a bend of the river is cut off, and a distance of nearly four 
miles saved. The second is at the Paw Paw Ridge, where a dis- 
tance of nearly two miles is saved by a tunnel of 250 feet in length. 
The third and fourth are within six miles of Cumberland, where two 
bends are cut across by the route with a considerable lessening of 
distance. 

In advancing westward from Hancock the line passes along the 
western base of Warm Spring Ridge, approaching within a couple 
of miles of the Berkely Springs, which are at the eastern foot of that 
ridge. It then sweeps around the termination of the Cacapon 
Mountain, opposite the remarkable and insulated eminence called 
the "Round Top." Thence the road proceeds to the crossing of 
the Great Cacapon River, nine and a half miles above Hancock, 
which is crossed by a bridge about 300 feet in length. Within the 
next mile it passes dam No. 6 of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, 
and soon after, it enters the gap of Sideling Hill, that famous bug- 
bear of the traveler, which on the National Turnpike opposes such 
a formidable barrier to his journey, but which here is unnoticed ex- 
cept in the fine profile which it exhibits on each side of the river, 
as it declines rapidly to the water level. 

In the gap of this mountain are the coal veins which the late R. 
Caton, Esq., with that zeal which always distinguished his researches 
in this branch of practical geology, endeavored to turn to profitable 
account. The slack water of the Canal dam extends some two 
miles above Sideling Hill. 

The next point of interest reached is the Tunnel at Doe Gulley. 
The approaches to this formidable w^ork are very imposing, as for 
several miles above and below the tunnel they cause the road to oc- 
cupy a high level on the slopes of the river hills, and thus afford an 
extensive view of the grand mountain scenery around. The tunnel 
is, as before mentioned, about a quarter of a mile in length, through 
a compact slate rock, which is arched with brick to preserve it from 
future disintegration by atmospheric action. The fronts or facades 
of the arch are of a fine white sand-stone, procured from the summit 
of the neighboring mountain. The width of the opening within the 
brick work of the arch is 21 feet, and the height 20|, affording room 
for two tracks. The height of the hill above the roof of the tunnel 
is 110 feet. The excavation and embankments adjacent are very 
heavy, and consist of the slate rock through which the tunnel is cut. 



430 



NEW YORK SUBSCRIBERS. 



M. W. KING. 



W. n. UALLICK. 




466 & 468 BROADWAY, NEW YORK. 

Pivot Revolving Chairs, 




i\l IIUIULUIIU VUt. 
SELF-ACTING EXTENSION 

RECUMBENT CHAIRS, 

Improved Invalid Wheel Chairs, 

BRANCH READING AND WRITING DESKS, 
And every variety of Mechanical Chairs for com- 
fort and convenience. 

i;3f°°Also, by permission, manufacturers of MA- 
JOR SKARLE'S (U. S. A.) TRAVELING IN- 
VALID CHAIR. 

If^^^Fashionable Cabinet Furniture made to 
order. 



WOMDERFUL DISCO VEEY! 

HAIR! HAIR! HAIR! 

KNIG-HT & CO. 




341 BROADWAY, NEW YORK 



J 

Have prepared awash for the Hair, called Hair Regenerator, which they will warrant to restore the 
grey hair of any person, old or young, to the natural and original color, and produce an entire 7iew 
growth, even where the head is bald . The above has been fully tested and needs no long puffing, but 
will do its work, which is the best recommendation it can have ; try it, and you will then aclcnowledge 
that vou have at last found something liesides humhiaigery. Price $1 per bottle; $5 for six 
bottles. Sold only by us, 341 BROADWAY, NEW YORK. 

The following are testimonials from numerous New Yorlc newspapers : 

"We are very skeptical as to the merits of Hair Regenerators, and have studiously avoided recom- 
mending any nostrums emanaling from perfumers ; but we are open to conviction, and having wit- 
nessed in our own families the extraordinary virtues of Knight & Go's Regenerator, we embrace this 
opportunity of making a public avowal of its excellence as a permanent restorer. No person, with 
weak or grey hair, or bald pate should neglect securing so inestimable a prize — remembering that 
Knight & Co. are Chemists as well as Perfumers." — Mercantile Guide. 

"Being personally acquainted with Mr. Knight, we have had many opportunities of observing the 
operation of his Regenerator, h.aveused it in our own family, and have seen it used among our friends 
in numerous instances, and in every case it has proved entirely satisfactory." — Nev} York Dutchman. 

"The above remark is decidedly true respecting the properties of the HAIR REGENERATOR, as 
the writer of this knows from experience. It should be remembered that it does not act as a dye to 
the hair, but restores the original color, after rei)eated applications. In fact, it will not fail of success 
if the direcli<ms of the renowned Chemist be implicitly followed." — N'e^c York. Day Book. 

"Among the many preparations in market for the presprvation of the hair, there is one which stands 
pre-eminent as actually performing wh.at is claimed for it. It does restore grey hair to its original 
color; there is no mistake about it — we have seen a dozen instances of its use on the old and the 
young, and in no instance has it ever failed of producing a perfect cure. We allude to the Hair Re- 
generator sold by Knight & Queru, .341 Broadway."— A't^?/' York Atlas. 

"The reputation of the well known Chemists that manufacture this Hair Regenerator, and the fact 
that it has been used by several of our friends to their entire satisfaction— leads us to place great reli- 
ance on its eflScacy as a permanent restorer of the hair." — National Democrat 



GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 431 

Above this point the line pursues the very sinuous part of the 
river lying between Sideling Hill on the east, and Town Hill on the 
west. The curves are not however abrupt, but form fine sweeping 
circuits, passing sometimes along beautiful alluvial bottoms and 
again at the foot of precipitous cliffs. 

The Paw Paw Ridge Tunnel is next reached, thirty miles from 
Hancock, and twenty-five miles below Cumberland. This tunnel is 
through a soft slate rock, and is curved horizontally with a radius of 
750 feet. It is of the same sectional dimensions with the Doe Gul- 
ley Tunnel, and is completely arched with brick, and fronted with 
white sand stone. Thence the route reaches Little Cacapon Creek, 
21^ miles from Cumberland. At the mouth of this stream there are 
fine flats, and a beautiful view of the mountains to the eastward. 

The viaduct over the creek is 143 feet long. About five and a 
half miles further on, the south branch of the Potomac is crossed on 
a bridge 400 feet long. This is in fact the main Potomac, and 
would have been (as the story runs) so treated by the Commission- 
ers who determined the boundary of Maryland and Virginia, but that 
the north branch has the appearance, at the confluence^ of being the 
larger stream. The river bottoms are here wide and exceedingly 
fertile, and the scenery very beautiful. The arching of the strata in 
the section of the South Branch Mountain, just above the junction, is 
most remarkable and grand. 

Some two miles above is a fine straight line, over the widely ex- 
panded flats opposite the ancient village of Old Town, in Maryland. 
These are the finest bottom lands on the river, and from the upper 
end of them is obtained the first view of the Knobly Mountain, that 
remarkable range which lies in a line with the town of Cumberland, 
and is so singularly diversified by a profile which makes it appear 
like a succession of artificial mounds. Dan's mountain towers over 
it, forming a fine back ground to the view. Soon after, the route 
passes the high cliflfe known by the name of Kelly's Rocks, where 
there has been very heavy excavation. 

:; Patterson's Creek, eight miles from Cumberland, is next reached. 
Immediately below this stream is a lofty mural precipice of lime- 
stone and sand-stone rock, singularly perforated in some of the 
ledges by openings which look like Gothic loop holes. The valley 
of this creek is very straight and bordered by beautiful flats. The 
viaduct over the stream is 150 feet long. Less than two miles 
above, and six miles from Cumberland, the north branch of the Po- 



SANCTIONED BY THE FACULTY OF MEDICINE. 





TARRAMT'S PREPARATIONS. 



TO THE MEDICAL PEOFESSION AND THE PUBLIC. 

The attention of the Medical Profession and the Public is invited to the following preparation: 
TARRANT'S EFFERVESCENT SELTZER APERIENT— Prepared on an entirely new prin- 
ciple, from a late and accurate analysis of the celebrated Seltzer Spring in Germany, combining 
efficacy, economy and portability, with such additions and improvements as will be found materially 
to increase its efficacy. This much esteemed and hii^hly valuable preparation will not fail to effect- 
ually remove Dyspepsia or Indigestion, Bilious Affections, Headache, Heartburn, Acidity of the 
Stomach, Costiveness, Gout, Rheumatism, Loss of Appetite, Gravel, Nervous Debility, Nausea of 
Vomiting, Affections of the Liver, &.C., &.c. 

IF" -A. IWC X Xj. "^ Hfl: 3ES ID X O 1 32«a" ES - 

TARRANT'S CORDIAL ELIXIR OF TURKEY RHUBARB— Takes its place as the best remedy 
for dyspepsia or indigestion, of the present day; and for its efficacy and safety, deserves the name of 
being in truth a Family Medicine. Those who suffer from excessive fatigue, mental anxiety, or intel- 
lectual application of whatsoever kind, will find it to be a medicine of extreme value. It is particu- 
larly recommended to those sutTering from Bilious and Nervous Headache, Diarrhcea, Constipation, 
Flatulency, Indigestion, Summer Complaints, Cholera Morbus, &c., &c., the utmost reliance can be 
placed on it both as to its innocent nature and highly curative qualities. 

TARRANT'S INDELIBLE INK,— A superior article, warranted by the proprietor, and acknowl- 
edged by all who have tested it to be the best article of the kind now in use. 

TARRANT'S COMPOUND EXTRACT OF CUBEBS AND COPAIBA,— Sanctioned by popular 
opinion and the high authority of the most distinguished of the medical faculty, it offers to the afflicted a 
remedy whose success has in every instance supported its deserved reputation. Being convenient 
and agreeable in its use, experience has proved that it retains in every climate its desirable and truly 
valuable character. It is in the form of a paste, is tasteless, and does not impair the indigestion. It 
is prepared with the greatest possible care, upon well tested principles. To persons following the 
sea, or going long voyages, this preparation possesses qualities far surpassing any other— neat and 
portable in its form, speedy and efficacious in its operation, successful both in the earliest and worst 
stages of the severest disease, while the usual and nauseous taste and unpleasant odor of copaiba is 
wholly avoided in this preparation. Prepared and sold wholesale and retail by JOHN A. TAR- 
RANT, successor to James Tarrant, 278 Greenwich, cornerof Warren street, New York ; and sold by 
E. M. Carey, Druggist, Charleston, S. C. ; P. H. McGraw, Natches; J. B. Moore, Savannah; M. A. 
Santos &. Son, Norfolk ; VV. S. Reese, Baltimore ; Joseph Tucker, Mobile ; Sickles & Co., New 
Orleans; Z. U. Gillman, Washington, D. C. ; T. W. Dyott & Sons, Philadelphia; Joseph T. Brown, 
Boston; Weeks &, Potter, Boston; Rothmahler &. Anderson, Georgetown, D. C, ; Clements & Blood- 
good, Flushing, L. I. 

THORN'S COMPOUND EXTRACT OF COPAIBA AND SARSAPARILLA— Possesses a few 
advantages not enjoyed by any other medicine for the cure of the artlicted, and which must, with an 
enlightened public, render it assuredly highly popular, and a desideratum long sought for in the medi- 
cal world. It needs no confinement or change of diet. In its approved form, that of paste, it is en- 
tirely tasteless, and causes no unpleasant sensation to the patient. 

It h.as acquired the utmost fame in every part of Europe, where it has been examined, approved of, 
and sanctioned by the faculty of medicine, and recommended by the most eminent of the profession. 
Prepared by J. B. Thorn, Chemist, Lnndon, and for sale, wholesale and retail, by J. A. TARRANT, 
sole agent for the United States, 278 Greenwich street. New York. 

■ < ^•m » 

iTwri* o n. T -A. 3xr T c:; -A. TJ T I o 3>a" . 

The increased reputation and great demand for Thorn's Compound Extract of Copaiba and 
Sarsaparilla, have been inducements for others to offer an imitation of this valuable medicine. 
Venders are particularly warned of this fact, that Ihcy may be on theirguard,and not dispose of an im- 
pure article calculated to injure their reputation, and destroy the merits of the original preparation : to 
obviate which the subscriber, (by whom it was first introduced into the United States,) has attached 
his signature to this caution, to counterfeit which is forgery. 

JOHN A. TARRANT, 

Successor to JAMKS TARUAIVT. 



GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA 433 

tomac is crossed by a viaduct 700 feet long, and rising in a succes- 
sion of steps — embracing also a crossing of the Chesapeake and 
Ohio Canal. This extensive bridge carries us out of Virginia and 
lands us once more in Old Maryland, which we left at Harper's Fer- 
ry, and kept out of for a distance of 91 miles. 

The route thence to Cumberland is across two bends of the river, 
between which the stream of Evett's Creek is crossed by a viaduct 
of 100 feet span. 

The entrance to the town of Cumberland is beautiful, and displays 
the noble amphitheatre in which it lies to great advantage — the gap 
of Will's Mountain, westward of the town, being a justly prominent 
feature of the view. 

The Company's depot in Cumberland is in a central position at 
the intersection of the Rail Road and National Turnpike.* 

The brick and stone viaduct over Well's Creek at Cumberland, 
is entitled to particular notice. It consists of fourteen elliptical 
arches of fifty feet span and thirteen feet rise, and is a well built and 
handsome structure. 

From Cumberland to Piedmont, twenty eight miles, the scenery 
is remarkably picturesque — perhaps more so than upon any other 
section of the road of similar length. For the first twenty-two miles 
to the mouth of New Creek, the Knobly mountain bounds the val- 
ley of the North Branch of the Potomac on the left, and Wills and 
Dan's mountains on the right ; thence to Piedmont the river lies in 
the gap which it has cut through the latter mountain. 

The following points may be specially noticed : 

The general direction of the road is south-west, for twenty-two 
miles, to the mouth of New Creek. 

The cliffs which occur at intervals during the first ten miles. 

The wide bottom lands extending for the next four miles, with 
some remarkably bold and beautiful mountain peaks in view. 

** The Baltimore American of November 5tli, 1842, in its editorial notice of the 
opening of the road to Cumberland on the 3d of that month, says : 

" We cannot conclude our notice this morning without referring to the excel- 
lence of construction by which the new portion of the road (between Hancock and 
Cumberland) is distinguished. Every improvement which science has brought to 
this department of engineering, has been successfully used by the Chief Engineer, 
Benjamin H. Latrobe, Esq., under the judicious dictation of his own genius and 
well matured experience. The President and Directors expressed the utmost sat- 
isfaction at the evidences of skill and masterly execution afiforded throughout the 
whole route." 

55 



434 



NEW YORK SUBSCRIBERS. 



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GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 435 

The high rocky bluffs along Fort Hill, and the grand mural pre- 
cipice opposite to them, on the Virginia shore, immediately below 
the " Black Oak Bottom," a celebrated farm embracing five hun- 
dred acres in a single plain, between mountains of great height. 

The " Chimney Hole Rock," at the termination of Fort Hill, a 
singular crag, through the base of which the Railroad Company have 
driven a tunnel under the road to answer the purpose of a bridge for 
several streams entering the river at that point. 

The crossing of the Potomac from the Maryland to the Virginia 
shore, twenty-one miles from Cumberland, where the railroad, after 
passing through a long and deep excavation, spans the river by a 
bridge of timber and iron, on stone abutments and a pier. The 
view at this point, both up and down the river, is very fine. The 
bridge is a noble structure, roofed and weather-boarded. It has 
two spans of one hundred and sixty feet each, making the total 
length three hundred and twenty feet. On the west end are the 
words "Potomac Bridge, 1851 ; designed by B. H. Latrobe, Chief 
Engineer; Executed by A. Fink, Assistant Engineer; J. C. Davis, 
Carpenter." 

■ The " Bull's Head Rock," a mile beyond this point the Railroad, 
having cut through the neck, has left the head standing, a bold block 
of rock breasting the river, which dashes hard against it. Imme- 
diately on the other side of the cut made by the Railroad through 
the neck, rises a conical hill of great height. The mouth of New 
Creek, where there is a beautiful plain of a mile or more in length, 
and opposite to which is a long promontory of " Pine Hill," ter- 
minating in " Queen's Cliff," on the Maryland side of the river. 
The profile and pass of Dan's Mountain is seen in bold relief to the 
north-west, to which direction the road now changes its course. 
The road skirts the foot of " Thunder Hill," and winds along the 
river margin, bounded by Dan's Mountain and its steep spurs, for 
seven miles, up to Piedmont. The current of the river is much more 
rapid here than below, and islands are more frequent. 

Piedmont — a flat of limited extent, opposite the small but ancient 
village of Westernport, at the mouth of George's Creek. The plan 
of the engine house at this point was suggested by the Chief Engi- 
neer, Mr. Latrobe, and the design admirably carried out by Mr. AK 
bert Fink, Assistant Engineer. It is shaped very much like a mar- 
quee and is arranged to hold sixteen engines, and cost between 
$12,000 and ^13,000. 



436 



NEW YORK SUBSCRIBERS. 



SHELDON COLLINS, 

MANUFACTURER OF 









;s?M mm mT! mm\k 



FOR 



WOOD CDT AND CARD PRINTING. 



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OI^ STJ3PESH.IOH. C^XJ-A-XjIT-JT. 



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No. 69 GOLD STREET, 



GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 437 



West of Piedmont the road ascends seventeen miles by a grade, 
of which eleven miles is at the rate of one hundred and sixteen feet 
per mile, to the " Altamont" Summit. The points worthy of notice 
in this distance are : 

The stone viaduct of three arches, of fifty-six feet span, over the 
Potomac river, where the road re-crosses into Maryland. It is a 
substantial and handsome structure, and elevated fifty feet above the 
water. The road then winds, for five miles, up the valley of Savage 
River, passing the " Everett " Tunnel, of three hundred feet in 
length, and thirty-two miles from Cumberland. This tunnel is se- 
cured by a brick arch. To this point the line was completed in 
July, 1851, and opened on the occasion of the " Piedmont" cele- 
bration. The winding of the road up the mountain side, along Sav- 
age river, gradually increases its elevation until it attains a height of 
two hundred feet above the water, and placing us far above the tops 
of the trees growing in the valley, or rather deep ravine, on our 
right, presents a grand view. 

The mouth of Crab-Tree Creek, where the road turns the flank of 
the Great Back-bone Mountain — from this point the view up Sav- 
age River to the north, and Crab-Tree Creek to the south-west, is 
magnificent ; the latter presenting a vista of several miles up a deep 
gorge gradually growing narrower — the former a bird's-eye view of 
a deep, winding trough bounded by mountain ridges of great eleva- 
tion. 

Three miles up Crab-Tree Creek is an excavation one hundred 
and eight feet deep, through a rocky spur of the mountain. 

About five miles from its mouth, Crab-Tree Creek is first crossed 
by the road on an embankment of sixty-seven feet in height, and af- 
ter that several times at reduced elevations, until in two miles more 
the forks of the creek are reached at the " S wanton " level, where 
are the remains of an abandoned clearing and an old mill. Here 
also the old Cumberland and Clarksburg road crosses, the first wa- 
gon road of the country after the pack-horse had given place to the 
wheeled vehicle. 

All the way up Savage River and Crab-Tree Creek, eleven miles 
to this point, the road is hung upon the rugged and uncultivated 
mountain side — but from Swanton to the Altamont Summit, three 
or four miles, it ascends along the flat bottom of a beautiful valley 
of gentle slopes, passing one or two pretty farms. 

" Altamont," the culminating point of the line, at a height of 



438 



NEW YORK SUBSCRIBERS. 



T 



IN BARS, BAIiIiS AND CAKES, 

IN IMMENSE VARIETY. 




•NOSX[HOr WAV AS aaJLKaAKI 

asn Ki xsaa anx, 

9NIAVHS 311 



.S ^ 



CO -t-' CO 

3 f<! OJ 



t- 0) o 



P^ 



GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 439 

2,626 feet above tide water at Baltimore — the dividing ridge between 
the Potomac and Ohio waters — is passed by a long open cut of up- 
wards of thirty feet in depth. The great Back-Bone Mountain, now 
passed, towers up on the left hand, and is seen at every opening in 
that direction. 

The "Glades," which reach from " Altamont " to " Cranberry 
Summit," — nineteen miles — the " Glades " are beautiful, natural 
meadows, lying along the upper waters of the Youghiogheny River, 
and its numerous tributaries, divided by ridges generally of moder- 
ate elevation and gentle slope, with fine ranges of mountains in the 
back-ground. The glades have numerous arms which make charm- 
ing expansions of their valleys, and afford beautiful vistas in many 
directions. Their verdure is peculiarly bright and fresh, and the 
streams watering them are of singular clearness and purity, and 
abound in fine trout. The forest foliage was at the date of the 
Fairmont opening (June 22, 1852,) still imperfectly developed, giv- 
ing an idea of the lateness of the Spring in this high country. Nu- 
merous herds of cattle were observed feeding on these natural pas- 
tures, here and there a house, at long intervals, breaking the mo- 
notony of the scene. 

Oaklands is a promising village fifty-four miles West of Cumber- 
land. It is newly laid out, and already show^s a respectable num- 
ber of good frame houses. From this point a magnificent view of 
the broad Glade eastward and the mountain beyond it is obtained. 

The crossing of the great Youghiogheny River is by a viaduct of 
timber and iron — a single arch of one hundred and eighty feet span 
resting on stone abutments. The site of this fine structure is wild ; 
the river running here in a woody gorge. 

The crossing of the Maryland and Virginia boundary line is sixty 
miles from Cumberland. 

The falls of Snowy Creek where three branches come together, 
making a broad valley west of the pass just described. 

The Cranberry Swamp Summit, (sixty-three and a half miles from 
Cumberland,) at the head of Snowy Creek, falling into the Yough- 
iogheny, also of Salt Lick Creek emptying into Cheat River. A 
village show^ its beginnings here. The ground on the margin of 
the road is flat, (as its name imports,) yet its elevation above tide 
water is 2,550 feet, and but 76 feet lower than Altan)ont Summit. 

The descent, of twelve miles, to Cheat river, presents a rapid suc- 
cession of very heavy excavations and embankments and two tun- 



440 



NEW YORK SUBSCRIBERS. 





0pk JfM% |0uriiafe. 



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Its columns contain Original Essays — Historical, Biographical and Descriptive. Sketches of Travel 
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The American Phrenological Journal. A Repository of Science, 

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COMMUNICATIONS, NEW BOOKS for notice or review, ADVERTISEMENTS, and SUB- 
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Boston. 142 Washington Street. 1 FOWLERS & WELLS, 



Philadelphia, 231 Arch Street 



308 BROADWAY, NEW YORK. 



GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 441 

nels, viz : the McGuire Tunnel of five hundred, and the Rodemer 
Tunnel, four hundred feet in length, secured by heavy timbers pre- 
paratory to arching with brick. There is also a stone and iron via- 
duct over Salt Lick Creek fifty feet span and fifty feet high. The 
creek passes through a dense forest of fir trees in its approach to the 
river. 

Cheat river is a dark rapid mountain stream, whose waters are of 
a curious coffee colored hue, owing, it is said, to its rising in forests 
of laurel and black spruce on the highest mountain levels of that 
country. This stream is crossed by a viaduct consisting of two 
arches one hundred and eighty and one hundred and thirty feet span, 
of timber and iron on stone abutments and pier. The masonry, 
built from a fine free-stone quarry close at hand, is remarkably sub- 
stantial and well looking. 

The ascent of the Cheat River hill comes next. This is decidedly 
the most imposing section of the whole line — the difficulties encoun- 
tered in the four miles West of the crossing of the river being quite 
appalling — the road winding up the slope of Laurel hill and its spurs, 
with the river on the right hand, first crosses the ravine of Kyer's 
Run, seventy-six feet deep, by a solid embankment, — then, after bold 
cutting, along a steep, rocky hill side, it reaches " Buckeye hollow," 
the depth of which is one hundred and eight feet below the road 
level, and four hundred feet across at that level — some more side 
cutting in rock ensues, and the passage of two or three coves in the 
hill side when we come to " Tray Run," and cross it one hundred 
and fifty feet above its original bed by a line of trestling 600 feet 
long at the road level. Both these deep chasms have solid walls of 
masonry built across them, the foundations of which are on the solid 
rock one hundred and twenty and one hundred and eighty feet re- 
spectively below the road height. These walls have been brought, 
at Buck-Eye hollow, to within forty-six feet, and at Tray Run, fifty- 
eight feet of the grade, and the track is for the present carried over 
them by a substantial frame of timber securely footed upon the walls, 
and bolted and braced in every way conducive to strength and safety. 
They have been tested by constant use with the heaviest engines and 
trains. They are, however, to be replaced by cast iron viaducts, 
now being built alongside, and which when finished will be among 
the most beautiful architectural structures of the road. They are 
from the designs of Mr. A. Fink. 

After passing these two tremendous clifts in the mountain side, 

56 



442 



NEW YORK SUBSCRIBERS. 



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GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 443 

the road wiads along a precipitous slope with heavy cuting, filling 
and walling, to " Buckhorn Branch," a wide and deep cove on the 
western flank of the [mountain. This is crossed by a solid em- 
bankment and retaining wall, ninety feet high at its most elevated 
point. Some half a mile further, after more heavy cuts and fills, 
the road at length leaves the declivity of the river, which, where we 
see it for the last time, lies five hundred feet below us, and turns 
westward through a low gap, which admits it by a moderate cutting, 
follow^ed soon, however, by a deep and long one through Cassidy's 
Summit Ridge to the table land of the country bordering Cheat 
River on the west. Here, at eighty miles from Cumberland, we 
enter the great western coal fields, having passed out of the Cum- 
berland field at thirty-five miles from that place. The intermediate 
space, although without coal, will be readily supplied from the ad- 
jacent coal basins. 

Desending somewhat from Cassidy's Ridge, and passing by a 
high embankment over the Brushy Fork of Pringle's Run, the line 
soon reaches the Kingwood Tunnel, of 4,100 feet in length, the 
longest finished tunnel in America, and which was built by Messrs. 
Lemmon, Gorman, and Clark & McMahon, contractors. It is 
through a compact slate rock, overlaid in part by a good limestone 
roof, and for the rest of its length it is supported by timbering pre- 
liminary to brick arching. There are two long deep cuts at each end 
of the tunnel. It was worked from the two ends, and from three 
shafts fifteen by twenty feet square and one hundred and eighty feet 
deep. The greatest height of the ridge over the tunnel is two hun- 
dred and twenty feet. The time employed on the work was about 
two years and eight months, and the number of cubic yards re- 
moved from the tunnel was about 90,000, together wdth about 110,- 
000 yards of earth and rock outside the tunnel, making some 200,- 
000 yards in all. The tunnel has been named from Kingwood, the 
county seat of Preston county, Virginia, which stands a few miles 
off on the same ridge. The tunnel not having been finished in time 
to permit the transportation of the iron rails through it, a track was 
laid over the top of the hill, at a grade of upwards of five hundred 
feet per mile, over which the materials were taken by a locomotive 
engine, which propelled a single car at a time, weighing with its 
load thirteen tons, at a speed of ten miles per hour and upwards. 
When the track was rendered slippery, however, by moisture, the 
engine and its load occasionally slid backward, and more than once 



444 



NEW YORK SUBSCRIBERS. 



E. R. DUHKEE, 

PROPRIETOR AND MANUFACTURER OF 



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GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 445 

ran in this way, with locked wheels, nearly half a mile down to the 
bottom of the grade — without damage however. This, we believe, is 
the most extraordinary display of locomotive steam power on record. 

Leaving Kingwood Tunnel, the line for five miles descends along 
a steep hill-side to the flats of Raccoon Creek, at Simpson's. In 
this distance, it lies high above the valley, and crosses a branch of 
it with an embankment one hundred feet in elevation. There are 
two other heavy fills further on. Two miles west of the Kingwood 
Tunnel, is Murray's Tunnel, two hundred and fifty feet long, a regu- 
lar and beautiful semi-circular arch cut out of a fine solid sand-stone 
rock, overlaying a vein of coal six feet thick, which is seen on the 
floor of the tunnel. 

From Simpson's, westward, the route pursues the valleys of Rac- 
coon and Three Forks Creeks, which present no features of diffi- 
culty to the mouth of the latter, one hundred and one miles from 
Cumberland, at the Tygait's Valley River, where the railroad to 
Parkersburg will diverge from that to Wheeling. The distance to 
these two places (which are ninety miles apart on the Ohio river) 
will be nearly equal, being one hundred and four miles to the 
former, and ninety-nine to the latter. 

Fetterman, a promising looking village, two miles west of the last 
point, and one hundred and three and a half miles from Cumber- 
land. Here the Turnpike to Parkersburg and Marietta crosses the 
river. The route from Fetterman to Fairmont has but one very 
striking feature. The Tygart's Valley River, whose margin it fol- 
lows, is a beautiful and winding stream, of gentle current, except 
at the Falls, where the river descends, principally by three or four 
perpendicular pitches, some seventy feet in about a mile. A mile 
and a half above Fairmont the Tygart's Valley River and the West 
Fork River unite to form the Monongahela, the first being the larger 
of the two confluents. 

A quarter of a mile below their junction, the railroad crosses the 
Monongahela, upon a viaduct six hundred and fifty feet long and 
thirty-nine feet above low water surface. The lofty and massive 
abutments of this bridge support an iron superstructure of three 
arches of two hundred feet span each, and which forms the largest 
iron bridge in America. It is designed by Mr. Kink, whose name 
deserves such favorable mention in connection with the architecture 
of the road, and whose works are alike worthy of him and his able 
preceptor, Benjamin H. Latrobe. 



446 



NEW YORK SUBSCRIBERS. 



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S:^ For Recommendations, see page 448. 



GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 447 



The road, a mile and a half below Fairmont, leaves the valley of 
the beautiful Monongahela and ascends the winding and picturesque 
ravine of Buffalo Creek, a stream some twenty-five miles in length. 
The creek is first crossed five miles west of Fairmont, and again at 
two points a short distance apart, and about nine miles further west. 
The bridges are of timber stringers, trussed with cast-iron posts and 
cross-ties, and wrought iron bars, and, lying under the rails, make 
no show from the cars as you pass, but when examined are found to 
display a remarkable combination of lightness and strength. About 
eleven miles beyond Fairmont we pass the small hamlet of Farm- 
ington, and seven or eight miles further is the thriving village of 
" Mannington," at the mouth of Piles' Fork of Buffalo. There is 
a beautiful flat here on both sides of the stream, affording room for 
a town of some size, and surrounded by hills of a most agreeable 
aspect. Thence to the head of Piles' Fork, the road traverses at 
first a narrow and serpentine gorge, with five bridges at different 
points, after which it courses with more gentle curvatures along a 
wider and moderately winding valley, with meadow land of one or 
two hundred yards broad on one or other margin. Numerous tribu- 
taries open out pretty vistas on either hand. This part of the val- 
ley, in its summer dress, is singularly beautiful. After reaching its 
head at Glover's Gap, twenty-eight miles beyond Firmont, the road 
passes the ridge by deep cuts, and a tunnel three hundred and fifty 
feet long, of curious shape, forming a sort of Moorish arch in its 
roof. From this summit, (which divides the waters of the Monon- 
gahela from those of the Ohio,) the line descends by Church's Fork 
of Fish Creek, — a valley of the same general features with the one 
just passed on the eastern side of the ridge. Passing the " Burton" 
Station, where there is an engine house and dwelling, and a reser- 
voir dam a little way off for supplying the water-tanks in the dry 
season, the route continues down stream, and at the crossing of a 
tributary called " Cappo Fork," four miles from Glover's Gap, is 
the residence of Mr. Church, from which the creek derives its name. 
This place has been appropriately called " Old Hundred," from the 
age of its proprietor, who has just turned his 102d year, and is still 
enjoying good health and the powers of locomotion. 

The road now becomes winding, and in the next four miles we 
cross the creek eight times by bridges of a pattern similar to those 
described above. We also pass Sole's Tunnel, one hundred and 
twelve feet, Eaton's Tunnel, three hundred and seventy feet, and 



448 



NEW YORK SUBSCRIBERS. 



H -A. T" XS S -A. X I> or" 

RIDER'S PATENT 

VULCANIZED GUTTA PERCHA GOODS. 

[From the New York Daily Express.] 
GuTTA Percha — The use of which has been hitherto re- 
stricted by its non-elasticity, rigidity, and too great sus- 
ceptibility to heat — can now, under the patent of Mr. Ri- 
der, owned by the North-American Gutta Percha Com- 
pany, be endowed with permanent elasticity and flexibil- 
ity, rendered unsusceptible to heat and cold, and applied 
to all the purposes for which India Rubber has heretofore 
enjoyed the exclusive monopoly. Few inventions more 
strikingly illustrate the ingenuity of man. 

[From the Buffalo Eepublican, Buffalo, N. Y.] 
GcTTA Percha has come into the field, and is already 
having a great run, with every prospect of entirely su- 
perseding the use of India Rubber. The advantages of 
this wonderful material over India Rubber are, that it is 
more durable, free from disagreeable smell, and does not 
decompose and become sticky. From the vast variety of 
water-proof clothing and other articles being made by the 
North-American Gutta Percha Company of New York, 
it is plainly seen that Rubber must give way to Gutta 
Percha. 

[From the "Whitehall Chronicle, Whitehall, N. Y ] 
The manufacture of water-proof clothing, and many 
other articles, from Gutta Percha, under Rider's patent, 
by the North-American Gutta Percha Company, of New 
York, is carried on extensively. These articles do not 
get sticky like India Rubber when exposed to heat or 
friction, which certainly is very desirable to the consum- 
er, and which must give Gutta Percha the preference as 
it becomes known. 

[From the TJnited States Argus, N. Y.] 
Gutta Percha. — When India Rubber became an article 
of clothing, etc., there was no idea but that the ultima- 
*^:2S53S^a»' tum had been arrived at. Not so, however; for hardly 

had the article got well into notoriety, than it was immediately superseded by Gutta 
Percha, because there were evident inconveniences in the former which the latter is 
free from. Gutta Percha now stands pre-eminent, and Rider's Patent Vulcanized 
Gutta Percha is ahead of every thing in the line. 

[From the Republican and Argus.] 
We never expected to find a substitute tor India Kubber, but one has been recently found in the arti- 
cle of Gutta Percha. A mode of manufacture has been discovered by Mr. Kider, of New York, which 
gives Gutta Percha all the pliability and elasticity of India Rubber, without its unpleasant and objec- 
tionable qualities. 

[From the Westchester Ilerald, Sing Sing.] 
The manufacturers of India Rubber goods are having a formidable rival in Vulcanized Gutta Per- 
cha, under Rider's patent. The North-American Gutta Percha Company own this patent e.xclusively, 
and are making large quantities of clothing and other articles. 

[From the Memorial, Plymouth, Mass] 
The Messrs. Riders, of New York, long engaged in the Rubber manufacture, have discovered a mode 
of preparing Gutta Percha, which gives it all the pliability and elasticity of India Rubl)er— it converts 
Gutta Percha, which before was as'hard as wood, and little more than a curiosity, into one of the most 
beautiful of known water-proof substances. The discovery has been patented, and is now being 
worked, in the manufacture of clothmg and other goods, very extensively by the North-American 
Gutta Percha Company of New York. 

TESTIMONIALS may be seen at the Warehouse of the Company, highly approring of 
these goods, from Col. J. H. Eaton, U. S A.; Capt. H. 1). Hunter, U. 8. N.; Lieut. J. M. Fraily, U. S. 
N.; Capt. Marcy, U. S. A.; Col. Gray, of Mexican Boundary Survey; Capt. G. L. Smith, of clipper- 
ship Vulture ; Lieut. Fox, IT. S. N., and hundreds of others, who have actually tested the goods in ac- 
tual wear in different climates. 




GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 449 

Martin's Tunnel, one hundred and eighty feet long^—the first a low- 
browed opening, which looks as if it would knock off the smoke 
pipe of the engine ; the next a regular arched roof, and the third a 
tall narrow slit in the rock, lined with timbers lofty enough to be 
taken for part of a church steeple. 

The " Littleton" Station is reached just beyond, and here upon 
a long side track are ranged the ten locomotives designed to carry 
cars* over the Board Tree Tunnel, now close at hand. The road 
having thus far pursued the margin of the South Fork of Fish 
Creek, now gradually leaves it and winds upwards along the steep 
hill, slopes for about a mile and a half, constantly increasing its 
height above the stream and crossing the rocky chasm of Cliff Run, 
upwards of fifty feet above its bed. Shortly after, the route turns 
up the ravine of the "Board Tree Run," after passing through a 
high spur at its mouth by a formidable cut more than sixty feet deep 
through slate rock. Thence it ascends the eastern bank of the run 
just named, cutting and filling heavily along a precipitous hill side 
until it reaches the point forty-three miles West of Fairmont, where 
the temporary road leaves the permanent grade. You here see be- 
fore you the latter entering the approach cut at the eastern end of 
the tunnel, while the former begins to climb the hill on the East 
side of the cut, crossing several branch ravines and rising every 
moment higher and higher on the flank of the main ravine until you 
perceive the eastern portal far below you, and presenting a yawning 
chasm penetrating the bowels of the raountaiw, over the top of which 
you are being lifted by the tremendous power of the engine, which 
pushes the two passenger cars, (on one of which you are standing,) 
up the steep incline. The temporary road after leaving a point op- 
posite the mouth of the tunnel, turns into a hollow on the side of 
the ridge and soon reaches the first switch. Here the movement of 
the train is reversed, the engine pulling the cars backwards instead 
of pushing them forward as before. The second switch is soon ar- 
rived at, and the direction of the train again reversed — and the en- 
gine, with its train once more ahead, advances steadily to the sum- 
mit of the hill by a line winding around the head of the hollow just 
mentioned. There is a short level upon the summit, after passing 
which the road makes a notch in the sharp edge of the hill top at a 

" Tliis part of the description of the road was written on the occasion, of the 
opening to Wheeling, (January, 1858 ;) at this time (April 1st, 1853,) the tun- 
nel is constructed, and the mountain crossing avoided. 



67 



450 



NEW YORK SUBSCRIBERS. 



SCHIEDAM SCHNAPPS, 

REL7EA, CARTER & CO. 

Office, No. 5 William Street, New York. 



Messrs. RELYEA, CARTER & CO. beg leave to call the attention of the public 
to the above-named article, which has been analyzed by the most eminent Chemists 
and Physicians, and proved to be not only a harmless and pleasant drink, but also 
to possess p;reat medical qualities, and furthermore, to be superior to any article of 
that kind heretofore introduced into this or any other market. The greatest pains 
have been taken in the manufacturing of this article in Schiedam, under the direct 
superintendence of one of the above named gentlemen, whose sole business is to at- 
tend to the manufacturing and shipment of the goods from Holland. 

II^DRUGGISTS, and others engaged in the trade, who wish to examine it, can 
obtain samples at our office, where all communications and orders must be addressed, 
as we have no agent in this or any other city. 

RELYEA, CARTER & CO. 

Office No. 5 William Street, New York. 



WILLIAM G-EE, 

MANUFACTURER OF THE 

PRIMIUM SODA WATER APPARATUS, 

BSASS FINISHER AND MACHINIST, 

No. 58 FULTON STHEET, 

Vt^VT ITORE. 

ALSO MANUFACTURER OF THE 

Fremium Self-Acting Generators, 

AT THE SODA "WATER APPARATUS MANUFACTORT, 

58 Fulton Street, Third Floor, New York. 

JI@^Drauglit Tubes, Coolers in Tubs, Copper Fountains, Bot- 
tle Moulds, Force Pumps, Gasometers, Generators, and Model 
Making. 

Jobbing done at the Shortest Notice. 



GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 451 

little depression therein, and descends on the western side to the 
third switch. The view from this summit is very grand, looking 
right down to the termination of the approach cut at the western 
portal of the tunnel, into which you think you could leap at a sin- 
gle bound. 

The temporary road now runs downwards on the West, backing 
to and fro upon the western escarpment of the ridge and passes in 
these zig-zags, the 4th, 5th, 6th and 7th switches, the direction of 
the train being reversed, and the engine pulling and pushing alter- 
nately at each of them. The last switch being passed, the road de- 
scends by a very direct line along the western side of the approach 
cut of the permanent grade, which it reaches at length in the bed of 
Raccoon Run, the stream falling into the North Fork of Fish Creek, 
from the western side of the summit. There are two switches on 
the East and five on the West side of the ridge, the latter being the 
most precipitous, and requiring therefore the most manoeuvring to 
descend. The distance over the mountain by the temporary road is 
12,000 feet, just twice the distance through the hill by the Perma- 
nent grade. The length of the tunnel is 2,350 feet. The ascent of 
the different planes varies from two hundred and ninety-three to 
three hundred and forty feet per mile according to the curvature, 
and their grades were so arranged as to permit the engine to propel 
two loaded cars (or twenty-five tons gross) upon them. At the 
crossing of the mountain over the Kingwood Tunnel previous to the 
completion of that work in 1853, the grade was upwards of five hun- 
dred feet per mile, and but one car, or twelve and a half tons, was 
the load. The engines and car on this latter grade were moreover 
liable to the risk of sliding down the grade with locked wheels, an 
accident which could not happen on the Board Tree Tunnel grades. 
Hence, although the total height of the hill at the latter place is 
three hundred feet, being eighty feet more than at the other, the 
use of the switches has permitted the reduction of the grades so as 
to double the loads carried, and diminish the risk correspondingly. 

The crossing of this ridge, in the manner described, is a great 
achievement in engineering science. It was made necessary by the 
delay ^in the completion of the tunnel, occasioned by sundry causes 
beyond control, and has thus been the means of illustrating a mode 
of surmounting ridges, which has been heretofore employed, but 
never under circumstances such as the present. The sight of so 
many locomotives toiling up the hill, one after another, upon the dif- 



=11 



452 



NEW YORK SUBSCRIBERS. 



A. "W. G-AY & CO. 

MANUFACTURERS AND DEALERS IN 

WARNER'S PATENT 

SUCTION, FORCING AND ANThFREEZING 



GARDES m FIRE EMIS, SUCTION PIPE, BOSE, &c. 




1^ This is the most SIMPLE, DURABLE, POWERFUL 
and CHEAPEST PUMP in use, either for Wells, Factories, 
Steamboats, Vessels, Mines, &c. &c. It has taken the First Pre- 
mium Twice at the New York State Agricultural Fair ; Twice 
at the American Institute Fairs; at the Franklin Institute, Penn- 
sylvania ; the Maryland Institute at Baltimore, and innumera- 
ble others. JI@°'See next page for Recommendations. 



GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA. 453 



ferent levels, was novel and exciting in a high degree, and not the 
less so from the darkness of the night, (on the opening trip 11th 
January, 1853,) which made their changing position visible only, by 
the clouds of fire and steam which marked their tracks. The pas- 
sage over the tunnel by daylight is equally interesting. 

Leaving Board Tree Tunnel, the line descends along the hill side 
of the North Fork of Fish Creek, crossing ravines and spurs by deep 
fillings and cuttings, and reaching the level of the flats bordering the 
creek at Bell's Mill ; soon after which it crosses the creek and as- 
cends Hart's Run and Four Mile Run to the Welling Tunnel, fifty 
miles west of Fairmont, and twenty-eight from Wheeling. This 
tunnel is 1,250 feet long, and pierces the ridge between Fish Creek 
and Grave Creek. It is through slate rock like the Board Tree 
Tunnel, and is substantially propped with timbers. 

From the Welling Tunnel the line pursues the valley of Grave 
Creek seventeen miles to its mouth at the Flats of Grave Creek on 
the Ohio River, eleven miles below Wheeling. The first five miles 
of the ravine of Grave Creek is of gentle curvature and open as- 
pect, like the others already mentioned. Afterwards it becomes 
very sinuous, and the stream requires to be bridged eight times. 
There are also several deep cuts through sharp ridges in the bends 
of the creek, and one tunnel four hundred feet long at Sheppard's, 
nineteen miles from Wheeling. 

The approach to the bank of the Ohio River at the village of 
Moundsville, is very beautiful. The line emerging from the defile 
of Grave Creek, passes straight over the " flats" which border the 
river, and forming a vast rolling plain, in the middle of which looms 
up the " great Indian mound," eighty feet high and two hundred 
feet broad at its base. There is also the separate village of Eliza- 
bethtown, half a mile from the river bank, the mound standino- be- 
tween two towns and looking down upon them both. The " flats" 
embrace an area of some 4,000 acres, about three-fourths of which 
lies on the Virginia, and the remaining fourth on the Ohio side of 
the river. The soil is fertile and well cultivated, and the spot pos- 
sesses great interest, whether for its agricultural richness, its his- 
toric monuments of past ages, or the beauty of its shape and posi- 
tion as the site for a large city. 

About three miles up the river from Moundsville, the " flats" 
terminate, and the road passes for a mile along rocky narrows 
washed by the river, after which it runs over wide, rich and beauti- 



454 



NEW YORK SUBSCRIBERS. 





A. VT. G-AY & CO. 

MANUFACTURERS OF 

WARNER'S PREMIUM PUMPS, 

ALSO, 

liSf'S DIIBII mm lYiMIlIC 111, 

Sales Hoom 118 Maiden Lane, 



Where a farmer desires to have a pump in his well, which besides supplying his family and stock 
with water, will answer for a fire-engine when connected with a hose and pipe ; he cannot have a 
pump better suited to his purposes than this one..— Report of the Committee at the N. Y. State Agri- 
cultural Fair, Saratoga, 1853. 

1 believe it to be the best force pump for vessels that I have ever seen.— C H. Mallory, Mystic, Conn. 

We have Warner's Patent Force Pumps on the Steamers " Hero," and "Buffalo," and after a thor- 
ough trial for one season, we can cheerfully recommend them for steamboat use, and believe them 
to be as good and cheap a pump as can be found.— J. W. Hancox, Owner of Steamboats " Hero," 
and ^'•Buffalo." May 7, 1854. 

For mining purposes, I cheerfully certify that it is as good as the best, and much cheaper than any 
other of the capacity and power. — Cuaeles H. Scott, Machinist and JSngineer. 



AT YONKERS, 

17 miles from New York. 




OF CANAL STREET, (North River,) 

NEW YORK. 



:FL. 33 jAi. 3ES. 3V 30 I@ . 



GAZETTEER OF VIRGINIA 455 

ful bottom lands all the way to Wheeling, Two and a half miles 
below Wheeling Creek the Company's " outer station" is located, 
and is graded ready for the erection of the required buildings. For 
the present an engine house and work shops are being built at a 
suitable spot, about a mile below the creek, where the line reaches 
the immediate bank of the river and thence follows it along " Water 
street" to the " inner station." This last is on the north bank of 
Wheeling Creek as required by the charter. The " inner station" 
comprises a height house with four tracks, ninety-four feet wide and 
340 feet long, a passenger hall of sixty feet front and forty- five depth, 
with a shed roof extending back over the bridge, and making the 
entire length of the passenger building 360 feet ; all these buildings 
being on the North side of the creek. On the South side of the 
creek and adjoining the abutments of the bridge, will be a house for 
the shelter of passenger engines and cars, which will complete the 
establishment of this Station. Although well planned and possess- 
ing a considerable capacity for business, this "inner station" is not 
expected to accommodate the whole trade, which will be carried on 
at the warehouses of the merchants of the city, to which tracks can 
be conveniently extended, and where the cars will be loaded and un- 
loaded — thus diffusing the' benefits of the road through the commer- 
cial part of the city, and along the full water front which is com- 
manded by the Railroad for upwards of a mile. The live stock 
seeking the Wheeling terminus for transportation will be received 
into the trains at the "outer station," where it can be most con- 
veniently loaded. 

The whole length of the road to Wheehng is seventy-eight miles 
from Fairmont, two hundred and one miles from Cumberland, and 
three hundred and eighty miles from Baltimore. 

The fact that the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad is one of the great- 
est and most important iron thoroughfares in the country is no 
longer questioned, while it is becoming as noted for the skill and 
superiority of its management generally ; and it may not be going 
too far to say, that in such hands as William G. Harrison, John H. 
Doane, W. P. Smith, and others, the Company will continue to 
prosper and gain the confidence of the traveling public and a repu- 
tation for themselves. We rejoice to note the prosperity and un- 
surpassed management of this great enterprise, and had we time and 
space we would with pleasure say more. — [Editor. 



456 



NEW YORK SUBSCRIBERS. 



n. O. PINNEO. 



E. C. CHAPIN. 



G. n. 8ANF0ED. 



76 CHAMBERS STREET, NEW YORK. 
PINNEO & CO. 



IMPORTERS AND JOBBERS OF 



FEATHERS. FLOWERS. LACES, &C. 



'J 



Are now receiving a Large and Complete Assortment of 

Which they are enabled to sell at the lowest prices, and on the most favorable terms. 

^^" BUYERS of us may save one profit at least, as very nearly all our Goods 
are received direct from the Manufacturers in France. 

REMEMBER THE NUMBER, 

■ZO CJ la. ^- 333. l3 o r js stiroot. 

First Door West of Broadway, opposite the Irving House, 

NEW 7 O R K . 



J. 

MANUFACTURERS OF 



HOifflOPATHlC CASE 11 SMPLE MLS, 

AND DEALERS IN ALL KINDS OF 

DRUGGISTS AND APOTHECARIES' 



» 



No. 109 JOHN STREET, 

BETWEEN PEARL AND CLIFF STS. 



